专题24-Unit4写作与阅读（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

Unit4写作与阅读写作本单7匕的写作任务是写一篇观点类文章。在观点类文章中你应该清楚地向读者表达你对某个特定主题 的观点。写一篇好的观点类文章，应该注意以下几点：1 .在第一段清楚地阐明你的观点；.给出理由解释你的观点；2 .在最后一段用不同的方式总结你的观点。常用表达：1. Recent research shows that.2. In my opinion, it is very.3. First» it is the easiest way to help.4. Secondly, it helps people with.5. Lastly, ifs a good idea to do.6. In a word» I strongly hold the view （hat.（写作模板）Part 1 ： Nowadays some people would like to.（描述现象）Personally, L.（亮明自己的观点）Part 2： Firstly,（论点一）Secondly,（论点二）Part 3： All in all, it is advisable.（总结概括）假如你是李华，你们学校就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题进行讨论，要求每个同学用书信的形式投稿, 请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。1 .现在越来越多的人做整形手术，但你认为青少年不应该整容；2 .你的理由：对身体有害；分散学习的注意力；中学生过分注重外表不合适注意：1 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.开头和结尾已给出。第一步审题谋篇I审题写作要求是发表对“青少年是否应该整容”的看法，写作时应注意下面几点：1 .确定文体：这是一篇议论文。写作时注意议论文的写作特点。2 .主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。3 .主体人称：由于是发表对某个问题的看法，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。I谋篇第一段：开门见山，引入主题：青少年不应该整容；第二段：具体介绍自己的理由；第三段：总结自己的观点。第二步遣词造句核心词汇1 .整形手术 plastic surgery. 在乎 care about2 .集中精力于concernrate on. 换句话说 in other words3 .恢复正常生活 rctum to a nonnal life.自信 self-confidence4 .远离 keep away from连词成句1 .整形手术在世界上已经变得非常流行。Plastic surgery has become very Dopular in the world.2 .我坚持认为青少年不应该整容。I strongly believe (that) teenagers shouldn't have plastic surgery.3 .首先，青少年不应该太在乎自己的外表。Firstly, a teenager should not care about his appearance too much.4 .他应该集中精力于学习。He should conccniraie on his lessons.5 . 一些青少年做了整容手术，这使他们无法回到正常的生活。Sonic iccnagcrs had plastic surgery and it stopped them from returning to a normal life.第三步句式升级.用nol.but把第3句和第4句连成一句。Firstly, a teenager should not care about his appearance loo much, but concentrate on his lessons.1 .用定语从句改写第5句。Some leenagers had Dlaslic surgery, which stODDed【hem from reluming【o a normal life.第四步组句成篇用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。【答案】Dear Editor,As is known to alL plastic surgery has become very popular in the world.Because it can improve our appearance.But I strongly hold （he view （hat teenagers shouldn't have plastic surgery.Firstly, a teenager should not care about his appearance loo much, but concentrate on his lessons.Secondly, a teenager is still growing and such surgery is likely to harm his health.Some teenagers had plastic surgery» which stopped them from returning to a normal lifc.Thcrcforc, they regret having the surgery.In a word, a teenager should keep away from plastic surgery, and use knowledge to build self-confidence.Yours,Li Hua阅读天天练阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhen you can't get away, your kids still can by taking a virtual（虚拟的）field trip to a museum farm, zoo or another fun location.This is a great way to get them interested and happy.Best Tours of the World ： AirPanoAirPano has a variety of tours in China, Portugal, Switzerland, and more countries.lt offers narrations（叙述） of several tours and includes short written information that's easy fbr kids of most ages to read.The tours are also fairly short, which makes these lours great for younger kids.Best Virtual Dairy Farm Tour： VVill-O-Crest FarmThis 45-minute tour of Will-O-Crest Farm in New York state walks through every step of working on a dairy farm.lt shows how cows arc housed and how cows arc milkcd.Thc video is hosted by a narrator with a live instruclor from （he farm onsile.Best Aquarium Virtual Tour： National AquariumThe aquarium has more than 20,000 water animals.Kids can click and drag（拖）images to navigate（导航）their way around and use the map to explore various cxhibits.Explore eight areas, such as the Amazon River, a rain forest and the Mexican Gulf.Best Natural History Tour： Smithsonian National Museum of Natural HistoryThis museum helps understand nature and humanity's place in it.There's so much to see that not all can be listed here.However» the museum offers an online tour of most of its exhibits.Divide this tour up into a lot of lessons, so kids don't get stressed.语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个适合孩子的虚拟野外旅行项Fl。1. Which is in New York state?A. AirPano.B. Will-O-Crest Farm.C. National Aquarium.D. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.B 解析细节理解题。根据 Best Virtual Dairy Farm Tour： VVill-O-Crest Farm 中的“This 45-niinutc tour of Will-O-Crest farm in New York state walks through every st叩 of working on a dairy fhrm.“可知，Will-O-Crest Farm在纽约州。故选B。2. What do AirPano and National Aquarium have in common?A. They are divided into lots of lessons.B. They are likely to be loved by animal lovers.C. They provide chances to tour different places.D. They teach kids knowledge about natural history.C解析细节理解题。根据 Best Tours of the World： AirPano 中的“AirPano has a variety of tours in China, Portugal, Switzerland, and more countries.”和 Best Aquarium Virtual Tour： National Aquarium 中的“Explore eight areas, such as the Amazon River, a rain forest and the Mexican Gulf.”可知，这两个旅游项目都给游客提 供了到不同地方的旅游。故选C。3. What is the best title for the text?A. Give Fun to Your KidsAdventures in Rain ForestsB. Tour the World with Your KidsBest Virtual Field Trips for Your KidsD【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“When you can't get away, your kids still can by taking a virtual（虚拟 的）field trip to a museum farm, zoo or another fun localion.”以及下文中的四个标题可知，本文介绍了四个针 对孩子的虚拟野外旅行项故选D。BThis was the first real task I received in my new school.Il seemed simple： go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington.As I searched the name, I found that there were two famous people having the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts（花生）， while the other led some sort of army across America.I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant.I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice： let the coin decide.I flipped（掷）a coin and Ah ITails （背 面）！ My report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, I stood in front of the classroom and proudly read my homework.But things started to get strange.I looked around the room, only to find my classmates with big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes and my stone-faccd teacher.I was completely lost.What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Oh well, I dropped the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong.As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, （he man who started （he American War of Independence." The whole world became quiet! How could I know that my teacher meant thatGeorge Washington?Of course, my subject result was awful.Sad but fearless> I decided to turn this around.I talked to the headmaster Miss Lancelot, but she said firmly： No re-dos； no new score.I felt that it was not fair, and I believed I deserved（应得）a second chance.So I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.Ten months later, I sat in the headmaster's office again, but this time a completely different conversation.! smiled and flashed back to the terrible moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster told me I was good enough to skip the 6th grade and started the 7th grade next term.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在新学校接到的第一次任务是在网上查找关于George Washington的信息，由于作者对历史了解得很少，在班级闹出了笑话。事后他埋头苦学，第一学年结束时 取得了优异的成绩，并可以跳级学习。4. Everyone in the class acted strangely because . A. I was too proud of my homeworkI mistook what the homework was aboutB. the whole world suddenly became quietthe teacher's face turned to a stoneB【解析】细节理解题。由第三段可知，老师布置的作业是关于领导美国独立战争的华盛顿，而不是发明多 种花生用途的华盛顿。所以当作者读他的作业时，所有人表现奇怪的原因是他把作业中的人物是谁搞错了。 故选BoI after I failed the subject.A. worked harder to prove my ability B. started to study from the 7lh grade C. was so frightened at the awful result D. was given a second chance to redo the workA【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“So I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.” 可知从那以后，作者全身心投入到那一学年的学习中，即作者选择了通过努力学习证明自己的实力。故选A。 6. Wc can infer（推断）from the passage that .A. the headmaster didn't like the writer al allthe writer's classmates felt sad at his mistakeB. the writer knew little about American history D. the writer's grandpa was a very wise manC【解析】推理判断题。根据文章信息、：其他同学都知道老师要求查找的George Washington是谁，而作者 却不知道是哪一个Washington,由此可知作者并不了解美国的历史人物。故选C。7. Which of the following proverbs can best describe the main idea of this story?A. Seeing is believing.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. One is never too old to learn.D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，由于作者努力学习，作者从5年级直接跳到了 7年级。通过作 者前后两次去校长办公室的情形对比，让大家深刻领悟到：有志者事竟成。故选B。CAt some point in lile, many people suffer a mental problem.While most people get over it, fbr others it doesn't go away easily.The World Health Organization(WHO) says that about 20 percent of children and teenagers across the globe suffer from mental illncss.It's thought that the number of children and teenagers with mental illness around the world will increase by half by 2020.It will become one of the main causes of disease, disability and even death.The reason fbr mental problems among young people may be the increasing pressure in life.Study and relationships have always caused huge stresses fbr school children.For instance, they experience school bullying(欺 凌)and academic pressure.In China, the picture isn't bright, cithcr.About 30 million Chinese children and teenagers under the age of 17, or 10 percent of children and teenagers in China, have a mental health challenge, reported China Daily.Also, according to China Daily, Chinese people don't seek help with their mental problcms.Thcy fear that others will think less of them if they admit that (hey are in trouble.Many Chinese people are ashamed of their mental problems and mental illness is a taboo(禁忌)in any Chinese families.In the UK, over three quarters of young people believe their mental health problems have a social shame and a quarter of young UK people wouldn't ask fbr help if they developed a mental problem.Young people who don't seek help for their condition may be creating problems for themselves in the future.If you feel something is wrong within youseek help.Feeling down? Here are three things to try if you feel low.Go to a psychology tcachcr.Thc teacher will listen to you and offer help fbr free!,Call 800-800-1100.It's the number of a hotline run by the Mental Health Research and Prevention Center.The line is open 24 hours a day.Tell your parents and visit the hospital if the situation gets out of control.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在人生的某个阶段，很多人都会有心理问题。虽然大多数人都能克服它， 但对另一些人来说，它不容易消失。据估计，到2020年，全球患精神疾病的儿童和青少年人数将增加一半。 它将成为导致疾病、残疾甚至死亡的主要原因之-o年轻人应该学会妥善处理他们的精神问题。8. According to the WHO. about of children and teenagers worldwide experience mental illness.A. 10 percentB. one fifthC. 30 percentD. three quartersB【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"The World Health Organization(WHO) says that about 20 percent of children and teenagers across the globe suffer from mental illness."可知，世界卫生组织说全球大约 20%的儿童 和青少年患有精神疾病。故B选项正确。9. Chinese people don't ask fbr help with their mental health problems probably because .A. they think less of their mental problemsthey fear that they may get into troubleB. they are ashamed to admit having mental problemsthey are unwilling to avoid their mental illnessC【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，中国人不寻求心理健康方面的帮助，可能是因为他们羞 于承认自己有心理问题。故C选项正确。10. School children with mental health problems should try the following three things EXCEPT .A. consulting their teachercalling a hotline for adviceB. communicating with their parentshiding their mental illness from othersD 解析】细节理解题。根据文章中的“Here arc three things to try if you Del low.”可知,有心理健康问题的学 生可以尝试咨询老师、拨打热线咨询或者与父母沟通来解决自己的问题。D项”对他人隐瞒自己的精神疾病” 明显与原文不符。故选D。11. What is the purpose in writing this article?A. To analyze the major causes of young people's mental illness.B. To describe the current situation of young people's mental health.C. Tb encourage young people to deal with their mental problems properly.D. To introduce mental problems to Chinese young people.C【解析】写作意图题。文章主要介绍了儿童和青少年患有精神疾病的情况，鼓励有心理健康问题的学生尝 试咨询老师、拨打热线咨询或者与父母沟通来解决自己的问题。因此推断文章的写作目的是鼓励年轻人妥 善处理他们的精神问题。故C选项正确。第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips for Healthy Travel with ChildrenChildren make up a small but important group of travellers.Their smaller bodies and developing immune（免疫） systems make their travel health needs important. IVaccines（疫苗）for childrenIn general, there is a higher risk for most vaccine-prevenlable diseases when travelling abroad. 2 .If you are planning to travel, check whether your child's nonnal vaccine schedule needs to be changed to make sure that they are fully protected before travelling.Malaria(疟疾)and children3 .Children are particularly at risk of developing severe malaria.If you must (ravel with children to a malaria risk area, visit a doctor to determine if anti-malarial medication is recommended.If anti-malarial medication is allowed to take, keep them in child-proof containers and out of reach of children.Transportation risksAir travel is safe for healthy children. 4 .Some airlines will not allow newborns to 11 y.Ear pain caused by changes in pressure during landing is more common in children than in aduhs.To lessen (he pain, babies should bottle or breast feed.Older children can chew gum or be encouraged to swallow or yawn.5Signs and symptoms(症4犬)of altitude sickness in children are often mistaken fbr other illnesses.A child with altitude sickness may throw up, hate to eat, or be anxious.Older children may also show headaches, or difficulty breathing.As it is difficult to tell if a child is developing altitude sickness and since altitude sickness can develop rapidly in children, you may travel to no higher than 2,500 m (8,200 feet).A. High altitude sicknessPack a travel health kitB. Avoid taking children to areas with a risk of malariaAnd these diseases tend to be more severe(严重的)in children than in adultsC. There are many facts to take into consideration when travelling with childrenIt may be difficult to give children anti-malaria medication because it tastes unpleasantD. However, it is necessary that you wait until newborns are one to two weeks old before flying 语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了四点与孩子一起健康旅行需要注意的事项。1. E 解析】根据上文“Their smaller bodies and developing immune(免疫)systems make (heir travel health needs important.”以及下文对带孩子旅行需要考虑的问题的论述可知，E选项“带孩子旅行时要考虑许多事实”符合 上下文语境。故选E。2. D【解析】根据上文“In general, there is a higher risk for most vaccine-preventable diseases when travelling abroad.”中的diseases可对应到D选项中的these diseaseso故选D。3. C【解析】根据 F 文“Children are particularly at risk of developing severe malaria.”可知儿童容易得疟疾,因 此要避免带孩子去有疟疾风险的地区。故选C。4. G【解析】根据下文“Some airlines will not allow newborns to fly.”中的 newborns 可对应到 G 选项中“you wait until newborns are one to two weeks old before flying”。故选 GoA【解析】本空为本段小标题，根据下文可知本段是在说明儿童得高原反应的病症，故选A。 第三节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A new dish is 1.(usual) given the names of its inventor.The sandwich gets its name from the 4th Earl of Sandwich» John Montague( 1718-179