专题16-第十六章定语从句（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

第十六章定语从句初中知识回顾回顾：定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词 (that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起 联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。1 .通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词 all,fcw,littlc,much,somcthing.anything,nothing5cvcrything 等时。(2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,the only,the very,the last 等修 饰时。(3)如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词Ihat。2 .通常只用which的情况(I)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that«(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。3 .who,whom与whose引导的定语从句如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用 who,作宾语用whom,不用which.o在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,不用whicho(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于thc+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句 中还有“代词/数词+of+、vhich八vhom”结构。4 .关系副词where,when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中 where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+whicho5 .介词+关系代词当关系代词作介词的宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介 词+关系代词先行词指物，用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的study and also inspiredme. Determined to live A upoto expectations of my teachers or parents, I devoted and。what。myself to solve all the problems in my study and then made progress. I'm more than grateful for that he hassolving©done for me, from whom I've got to know it is never too late to get back when there is still hope, which®选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。Lit is the same with our lives. Those choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.who【解析】设空处所在句含有定语从句，先行词为“Those”,指代人，故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。2 ."Anyone has heard about Seattle's train may think this is kind of fun/'MeKaulay said.who【解析】句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。"McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判 断出此处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。3 .Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot gel at home, that/which【解析】句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来，如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的 电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时，关系代词用that或whicho.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new tome.that【解析】句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那 么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everylhing可知关系代词只能使用hat。4 .Why don't you like fishing?一Fishing is a hobby needs much patience,but I'm not patient at all.that/which【解析】句意:一你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?一钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好，但是我一点耐心 都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby（爱好）指事物，关系代词应用that或which。5 .Running Man is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.that/which【解析】句意：奔跑吧兄弟是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题 考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which。高中定语从句一.定义定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句强着连接上从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用二,关系代词引导的定语从句who/that ： Is he the man who/ihat wants to see you?（在从句中作主语和宾语）先行词为是人的名词或代词1 whom： He is the man whom/who/that I saw yesterday.（在从句中作宾语）whose： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.先行词是事物的名词或代词.（在从句中作定语）which/lhat: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears （在从句中作主语和宾语）in the countryside.The package （which / that） you are carrying is about to fall down.whose: Please pass me the book whose （of which the） cover is green.（在从句中作定语）考点一考查关系代词引导的定语从句I. A person e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.（天津卷）A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever2. Many children,parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.（安徽卷）A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whom3. My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him.（全国 II）A. which B. that C. where D. it4. Whenever I met her,was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（山东卷）A. who B. which C. when D. thatICo【解析】在所给的四个关系代词中，只有whose能用于名词用作定语，故选C。又如：A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books.书商就是其职业是卖书的人。2B。【解析】（heir是物主代词，不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以不能选;在其余三个选 项中，只 有whose能用于名词用作定语，故选句意为：许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了，他们在 家乡被 照顾得很好。3A。【解析】由于两个句子之间没有并列连词，所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词，不能用作 主语;which 在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中用作主语。又如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开 车很快，这是很危险的。4Bo【解析】that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，故可排除;when是关系副词，不用作主语，故也可排 除;who用于指人，但这里的定语从句不是修饰her,而是修饰whenever I met her,故不能用who,此处应 用 whicho 又如：He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.他说他从 没见到过她,这是不 真实的。三.关系副词引导的定语从句when: There are occasions when （on which ） one must yield.（介词+ which）先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词 （关系副词在从句中作状语）叫判断关系代词与关系副词r i.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全 取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词 后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词： 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 （主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。考点一考查关系副词引导的定语从句1. Mozart's birthplace and the houseA. whereB. when2. It's helpful to put children in a situation _A. thatB. when3. Life is like a long racewe comwhere: Beijing is the place where (in which ) 1 was born.why: Is this the reason why (for which ) he refused our offer?1. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.2. This is the mountain village (which ) I visited last year.3. I,ll never fbrget the days when I worked together with you.4. I'll never forget the days (which ) I spent in the countryside.1. This museum isyou visited a few days ago.2. This is the museumthe exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、 宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词 在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时 间状语，why原因状语)_ he composed “The Magic Flute” arc both museums now.(上海卷)C. thereD.whichthey can see themselves differently.(福建卷)C. whichD.wherepete with others to go beyond ourselves.(重庆卷)A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where4. She'll never forget her stay there,she found her son who had gone missing two years befbre.（四川卷） A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when5. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. whenC. whichD. sincelAo【解析】由于定语从句he composed “The Magic Flute”的主语和宾语是完整的,所以不能选D； when 指时间，不用于修饰表地点的先行词Ihe house,故也不能选;而Ihere不是关系词，不能引导定语从句。2Do【解析】由于定语从句they can see themselves differently的主语和宾语是完整的，所以不能选A和C； when指时间，不用修饰表地点的先行词a siuiation,故也不能选。3D。【解析】由于定语从句wc compete with others to go beyond ourselves的句子结构是完整 的，不缺主语 或宾语，所以不能选C； why引导定语从句，其先行词只能是the reason,而不用于其他场合，故不能选;what 不是关系词，不能用于引导定语从句，故也可排除;where在此引导定语从句，修饰名词race,相当于in whicho 句意为：人生就像一场长途赛跑，在赛跑中我们为了超越自我而与别人竞争。4Do【解析】that不用于引导非限制性定语从句，故被排除;which引导定语从句必须在定语从句中充当主 语或宾语,与本题的句子结构不符，故也被排除;where引导定语从句时;其前先行词只能是表示地点的名 词，而本题的先行词her stay ihere（她待在那儿期间）不是表地点，而是表时间，故C也可排除；关系副词when 在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词herstay。句意为：她永远不会忘记她待在那儿的那段时间，在此 其间她找到了她两年前失踪的孩子。5B。【解析】when在此用于引导定语从句，修饰名词days。此题的难点是先行词days与关系副词when 之间被aregone,容易误解句子结构。句意为：由于金融危机，当地五星级宾馆每晚收费6,000元的R子已 经过去了。五.关系代词that的用法1）不用ihal的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介词后不能用。例如：Wc depend on the ,ind from which wc get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在there be句型中，只用that,不用which。b）在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, alL much, few, any, little 等作先行词时,只用 that,不用which oIs there anything that I can do for you?All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything （hat he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用ihat。My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。That is one of the most interesting books that arc sold in the bookshop.The first thing that we should do is to get some food.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如:The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.六.定语从句中只用which而不用that情况当关系代词前有介词时:This is the house of which the windows face south.引导非限制性定语从句只用Which。which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。Tom came back, which made us happy.His dog, which was very old, became ill.先行词是that, those且指物时，关系词用whichoWhat's that which was bright in the car?一个句子两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that,另一个用whichoLet me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.随堂练习一.单句填空l.In 1984,Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis, was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized herdream.【答案】who2 .He said, U.I added a small moustache, would add age without hiding my expression?)【答案】which3 .The act, forbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in force.【答案】which4 .0ur office wasn't far from Chinatown, I found some very good Chinese restaurants.【答案】where5 .As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache tor many car owners, especially for those live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces.【答案】who6 .Now millions of fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final season, starts on April 14.【答案】which7 .After living in Australia for many years,Louise finally returned to the counlry she was born.【答案】where8 .There are perhaps 40 million competitive (able tennis players and many ordinary people play lessseriously.【答案】who9 .He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man work and legacy will live on for many years.【答案】whose10 .That is an Oxford college,famous graduates include the late Benazir Bhutto.【答案】whose11 .But it's not like many other countries(here seems to be tension among the different cultures.【答案】where12 .Then, a fire, broke out in 1969 on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water.【答案】which13 .Pupils, usually come from the fifth or sixth grade, are divided into different teams and try to writedown every word according to its pronunciation.【答案】who14.1 am already looking forward to their next visit I can show them more of what Seville offers.【答案】when二.单句改错15.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination, that makes me worried.【答案】that>which16.1 have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alone but has a pet dog. Sparky.【答案】she>who17.In the year 2013 which I was 15,1 joined an exchange student program.【答案】which>whcn18.It's a black square suitcase, what is just as big as a schoolbag.【答案】what-which19.When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a un iversity.【答案】whomTwhoThere was a time I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason 2_my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3 I met many strangers,! missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide, 4 teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from 5_I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6 we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7 encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Befbre I go to sleep,! recall the passages,through 9 I can memorize a large number of new words. 10 our English teacher says,“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have pcrscvcrancc,you will master English sooner or later.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.【答案】Xiamen, 1 (lie) in Fujian Province, is a famous coastal city. As far as I'm concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy the clear sky, the beautiful sea, 2 green tropical plants. 3 Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. The best seasons (o go to Xiamen are both spring and summer. Besides, 4 are some famous tourist sites in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign buildings, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and traditional museums there. 5 we are in Xiamen, 6 we can't miss is to go to Gulangyu Island, 7 we won't have a good time.However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot more modern 8 it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls have been built, 9 makes Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I 10 (eager) wish to spend my summer holiday there next time.Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan to have a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there.【答案】1 .lying 2.and 3.As/Because 4.there 5.Once/If 6.what 7.or 8.than 9.which 10.eagerly五One month before, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous but in low spirits because of my performance was poor. I was at a loss and on the point of giving up while my head teacher comforted me and discussed with me the reasons where I failed in the exam. More unforgettably, he managed to help with my study and also inspired me. Determined to live to expectations of my teachers or parents, I devoted myself to solve all the problems in my study and then made progress. I'm more than grateful for that he has done for me, from whom I've got to know it is never loo late lo get back when there is still hope.【答案】One month before, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous but in low ago and。spirits becauseofmy performance was poor.I was at a loss and on the point of giving up while my head teacher comforted me when。and discussed with me the reasons where I failed in the exam. More unforgettably, he managed (o help with my why。