专题23-Unit4词汇与语法（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

Unit4词汇与语法一.重点词汇1. skip vt.2. yogurt n. 3. concentrate vz.& vt.4. slim vi.5. per cent n. 6. prove linking v. 7. diet n. 8. nutrition n. 9. function vi.10. memory n. 11. rather adv.12. aspect n. 13. attack n. 抨击二.词汇拓展1. immediately, 马上 conjl.、14. skip vt.15. yogurt n. 16. concentrate vz.& vt.17. slim vi.18. per cent n. 19. prove linking v. 20. diet n. 21. nutrition n. 22. function vi.23. memory n. 24. rather adv.25. aspect n. 26. attack n. 抨击二.词汇拓展1. immediately, 马上 conjl.、27. amount n. 28. schedule n. 29. plastic adj.30. surgery n. 31. campus n. 32. guy n. 33. saying n. 34. shadow n. 35. . digital adj.36. series n. 37. . external adj.38. content n. 就一.立刻的，马上的2. extreme。力.极端的;严重的n.极端不同的感情（或境况、行为方式等）odv.极端地effect/?.效果，作用；影响一.有效的；生效的3. energetic 4力.精力充沛的,充满活力的一 n.精力frightened 力.害怕的,惊吓的，受惊的一 近,使恐惧一,令人恐惧的4. pressure n.心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促近.&应.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤， 推.报章杂志，报刊contribute5.&近.是的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加n.贡献5. treatments.治疗；对待，待遇；处理一 以治疗；对待addition n.增加，添加；加法v.增加6. beauty n.美，美丽；美人，美好的东西一。0.美丽的fashion n.时尚，时兴；流行款式时尚的，流行的7. strength n.优势；力气，力量；实力v.巩固，加强力强壮 的talentn.天资，天赋；人才，天才一。的.有才能的8. achievement n. 成就，成绩； 达到，完成一 v. 完成，达到 三.知识解析 他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。The office where( = at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。疑难点津有一些先行词，如point, stage, position, case, condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状 语，需用where引导。You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心想完成它。We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.我们到了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。2 .关系副词whenwhen引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, week, month, year等)，关系副词when 在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。There used to be a time when( = during which) I hated going to school.我有一段时间不愿意去上学。Fil never forget the day when( = on which) I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。3 .关系副词whywhy引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason,关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。Can you explain the reason why(=fbr which) you don't help him?你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？Can you tell me the reason why you didn't come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？疑难点津表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词 在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语等时，则应用关系代词。试 比较：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？ (when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)I won9t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that,不用why)一.单句语法填空1. Do you still remember the day I first saw you?2. This is the reason I passed out that day.3. ril never forget the day on I was attacked by a shark.4. The picture called up the days we spent together.5. You will get into a position you have to decide immediately.6. The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable.7. The basketball match is (schedule) to be held in the new stadium next month.8. It is reported that large amount of money has been spent on the new bridge. 二用定语从句完成句子 was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。1. This is the house .这是一位著名艺术家多年前住过的房子。2. There was a time.曾经有一段时间，女性被瞧不起。3. is owned by my uncle.那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。三用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空This is the house Shakespeare was born.1. He didn't tell me the reason he was so excited.2. He has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.3. Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the first time?4. . They all lent a helping hand to the man house had been burnt down.5. This is the park in we had a picnic last Sunday.6. She is the person you can turn to for help.7. . Do you still remember those days we spent in that poor wooden house?8. Give me a reason is different from the one you gave last time.9. This is the museum we visited during our class trip.四.单句写作(含定语从句).我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那一天。1 .我仍然记得我父亲10年前工作的那个农场。2 .你知道她晕倒的原因吗?3 .正和我妈妈说话的那个人是位诗人。4 .我不喜欢你说话的方式。垦 知识点 01 She told me she had trouble con&entraling in class.concentrate vi.& W集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注(l)concentrate on (doing) sth.集中；全神贯注于(做)某事concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on.将心思/注意力/精力集中于(2)concentration n.集中精力;专心；关注；重视注意：表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：focus one's mind/attention on； put one's heart into 等。单句语法填空/一句多译©Instead of just concentrating the side effects of the drug, we should notice its functions.He concentrated his energy on (study) the history of Loulan.爸爸希望我能集中注意力于我所学的东西上。>My father hopes that I can .(concentrate)一My father hopes that I can .(focus)My father hopes that I can .(put one's heart into)工 知识点 2 They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.effect n.效果，作用；影响(l)side effect 副作用have an effect on/upon.对产生影响bring/put/carry.into effect 使实施/生效come into effect生效；开始实施take effect生效，开始实施；开始起作用，见效(2)effectivea矽.有效的；生效的单句语法填空/完成句子One of the most (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2)As far as Tm concerned, punishment had very little effect him.The Drink Driving Law from May 1,2011.酒驾法律自2011年5月1日开始生效。 according to the doctor.医生说这种药很快就会见效。至 知识点 3 These so-called 'quick-fix methods, prove to be harmful to teenagers.prove linking v.证明是；被发现是证明，证实(l)prove (to be)+./4/,被证明是，结果是prove sb./sth.to be证明某人/某物是It is proved that据证实(2)proof n.证明，证据单句语法填空/完成句子Perhaps this book will prove(be) of some use to you in your studies. the new medicine has side effects.据证实这种新药有副作用。The advice you gave us .你给我们的建议证明是很有价值的。士 知识点 4 I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Thursday.frightened 害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的(l)be frightened of/at/that害怕be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事frighten可使害怕；使恐惧frighten sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事frighten sb.out of doing sth.恐吓某人使其不敢做某事(3)frightening。的.令人害怕的，吓人的单句语法填空/完成句子All the stone figures in the temple looked so (frighten).The man frightened the little boy following him.It is proved that many people snakes.据证实很多人害怕蛇。 signing the paper.他们恐吓那位老太太在文件上签字。二 ,工 知识点 5 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.It+is+aJ/.+for/of sb.+to do sth.句中It是形式主语，动词不定式to be slightly overweight是真正的主语。(l)It is+4/. + for sb.to do sth,句型中，形容词说明不定式所表示的行为的性质或特点。能用于该结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary, possible 等。在It is+a切.+of sb.to do sth,句型中，形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格和性质等 能用于该结构的形容词有：nice, good, stupid, silly, careless等。完成句子in person.in person.a farewell speech here on behalf of the students of our school.It was very kind 你亲自来帮我真是太好了。 我非常荣幸在这里代表我们学校的学生发表告别演说。©Sometimes their own choices. 有时候，孩子们自己做出选择是必要的。上 知识点 6Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediatelY-immediately adv.iL 即，马上 conj.一就(1 immediate 立即的；即时的；急迫的(2)表示“一就”的其他方式还有：instantly, directly, as soon as, no sooner than 等。Even though I hadn't seen my classmate for many years, I recognized him .尽管我已经很多年没见过我的同学了，但我立刻认出了他。, the students rushed out.铃一响，学生们就冲了出去。©Instead of, our teacher encourages us to think by ourselves.我们老师不是立即给我们答案，而是鼓励我们自己思考。皇 知识点 7 We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to ggt intQhape.get into shape强身健体(l)shapeinto把塑造成；使成为形状be shaped like形状像(2)in shape在形状上；健康状况良好in the shape of 以的形状out of shape变形；身体不健康The children enjoy the snow figures of different people and animals.孩子们喜欢把雪捏成不同的人和动物的形状。due to the crash.Look! The front part of the car is now totally 瞧！由于撞车，汽车前面现在完全变形了。fruits.Some yogurt boxes were 一些酸奶盒子是水果形状的。工 知识点 8 Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that/which we get is important to us.amount n.数量(l)a large amount of = large amounts of 大量的in large amounts 大量地(2)amount to共计；等于注意：a large amount of+不可数名词+谓语动词单数形式；large amounts of+不可数名词+ 谓语动词复数形式。单句语法填空/完成句子A large amount of water (waste) every day.Large amounts of soil (wash) away every year.Their annual income amounted 10,000 yuan last year. advertisements every year.每年都有大量的钱花在广告上。量 知识点 9 Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too.schedule n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表认为安排时间;预定(l)on schedule准时；按时间表ahead of schedule 提前(2)be scheduled for 预定；安排在be scheduled to do.预定做 单句语法填空/完成句子It is required that all of us be present at the meeting schedule.It is said that the meeting(schedule) at three o'clock this afternoon.As long as you concentrate on your task, you can finish it on schedule or even ahead schedule.The debate whose topic is whether students should be volunteers on April 15.这场话题为学生是否应该做志愿者的辩论定于4月15日举行。皇 知识点 10. Mr Wilson is very happy with the LUnenL treatment n.治疗；对待，待遇；处理(l)under treatment 在治疗中(2)treat vt.&历.治疗；对待;款待n.款待；招待treat.as/1 ike把当作；以态度/方式看待/对待treat sb.to sth.用某物款待某人treat sb.for治疗某人的病treat sth.seriously认真对待某事/某物单句语法填空/完成句子Male and female must (treat) equally in education and employment.The player is under good(treat) and he will recover from his injury in time for the next game.He is an extremely devoted physician, who treats his work (serious).©Treat others in the way .己所不欲，勿施于人。至 知识点 11 They will only endjip feeling worse about themselves.end up最终成为，最终处于end up with以而结束(常接表具体事物的名词)end up in以结束(常接表抽象概念的名词)end up as最终成为end up doing sth .最后/最终做某事 单句语法填空He started as an employee and ended up head of the company.The conference ended up (sign) no agreement.If you take the time and effort to do this, you'll end up more friends.昱知识点 12.Focusing on your sttsngUis also helps you build your confidence.strength n.力气，力量；实力；优势(l)strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点build up one's strength 强身健体(2)strengthen u力加强；巩固(3)strong时.强壮的单句语法填空/完成句子One idea is that sleep helps us (strong) new memories.It is important that we should take into account our (strength) and weaknesses.The of his diet is that it contains plenty of vitamin and fibre.他的饮食的优点是含有大量的维生素和纤维。士 知识点 13.However, like a book, your contents are much more important than your cover, content n.内容；(p/.)目录；含量；容器所装之物以使满意，使满足.满意的，满足的 be content with对满足 满意be content to do.乐于做content oneself with满足于；使 某人 自己对感到满足一词多义/完成句子My apology seemed to content him.She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor.Both his parents are content to live in the countryside where the air is very fresh.From my point of view, you can not such a small success.在我看来，你不能满足于这样的小成就。With so much related experience, I am convinced that . 有这么多相关的经验，我相信你一定会对我感到满意的。皇 知识点 14 Your friends also influence the way yQU Yiov vQur physica appearancethe way后的定语从句（1）本句中含有先行词为the way的定语从句，the way（关系词）在定语从句中作状语，关系词 用in which或that引导,也可省略关系词。当先行词是way（意为“方式，方法”）时，引导定语从句的关系词的情况：当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导从句，作宾语时可省略关系词；当关系词在从句中作状语时，用that/in which引导从句或省略关系词。单句语法填空/完成句子WeChat has changed the way we made friends.The way he told us was quite simple to work out the problem.I don, like the way .我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。皇 知识点 15. This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance.what引导宾语从句(l)what在此处引导的是宾语从句(作介词on的宾语)，what在从句中作宾语。(2)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可充当主语、表语或宾语。可以译成多种意思：的 东西或事情；的人或的样子；的数量或数目；的时间；的地方等。注意：that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作成分。引导宾语从 句时可以省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不能省略。单句语法填空/完成句子She is talking about she experienced in Hubei last year.I truly believe beauty comes from within.We should never pretend to know 我们决不应该假装知道我们不知道的事情。We wonder 我们想知道是什么使得她那么生她丈夫的气。粤 知识点 16 Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to shQW off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies.show off炫耀，卖弄；显示，展示show.around/round 带领参观show up出现；露面；如约赶到show.in 领进去show.out 领出来Most people like their wealth.大多数人喜欢炫富。then.You are coming to our city this weekend.! will be glad to show you 这个周末你要来我们城市。到那时我很乐意带你参观。A girl came out of the building and showed me .一个女孩从楼里出来，把我领了进去。It's eight o'clock, but they haven't showed 八点钟了，但是他们还没到。-7星 知识点 17.Everyone has their own taJgjjls.talent n.天赋，天资；人才，天才(l)have a talent for有的天赋a talent show才艺大赛(2)talented有才能的be talented at/in.在方面有才能AH the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I football.操场上所有的足球运动员都大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。It is well-known that Beethoven is a (talent) musician.众所周知，贝多芬是一位才华横溢的音乐家。她为自己的儿子有音乐天赋而感到自豪。一She is proud that her son music.(talented)一She is proud that her son music.(talent)随堂练习一 .单词拼写1. To be honest, I am really against such (极端的)measures.2. A good breakfast can definitely keep you the whole day.3. It is the driver, than the passengers, that is to blame for it.4. I know studying is important, but my parents put too much on me.5. The popular TV (系歹ll 节 目)gave us much joy and surprise.6. John on his studies though there were much noise outside.7. Despite the heavy rain, the school bus arrived on .二.单句语法填空His parents took pride the achievements he had made.1. The prisoner who escaped from the prison ended being caught again.2. Later, he found the measures more (effect) than before.3. At last she got a chance to show her talent before a real audience.4. . The best (treat) for a cold is to rest and drink a lot of water.5. We all admire the scientist for her (contribute) to our country.语法语法精析当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词主要有where, when, why。1.关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。常用in which, at which, onwhich等代替。They are playing in the park where(=in which) there are many flowers.