Unit2ExploringEnglish第2课时Usinglanguage(学生版）-2022-2023学年高一英语讲义（外研版2019必修第一册）.docx

Unit 2 Exploring English2.2 Using language【学习目标】1 .掌握派生法、合成法、转化法，掌握高中词汇记忆法.侧重培养通过语境上下文的推理判断词性的能力2 .注重高中词汇积累【基础知识】正确运用构词法知识是学习词汇的重要途径，同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。英语构词法主要 分为派生法、合成法、转化法等。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识，不仅有助于提高考生辨识生词的能力， 还能运用到高考完形填空、语法填空和短文改错三大题型与词性转换相关的考查当中。而且高考阅读理解 中的猜测词义题有时也会考查并运用到此语法知识。【考点剖析】考点一：派生法派生法就是由个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另个词。词根是派生词的基础，而词缀起到决定派生词的词 汇意义和语法属性的作用。（一）形容词的后缀和前缀1.名词+-cial-形容词face-facial 面部的 race-racial 种族的benefit-beneficial 有益的 office-official 官方的finance-financial 金融的 sociely-social 社会的江例1.【单句填空】（全国卷乙卷）1 provide2.名词+-al（表示“有属性或者与（全国卷乙卷）1 provide2.名词+-al（表示“有属性或者与(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.有关”)-形容词agricukureagricultural 农业的3.动词/名词+-able/ible-形容词agricukureagricultural 农业的3.动词/名词+-able/ible-形容词naturenational 国家的 educationeducational SHKJaccept-acceptable 可接受的value-valuable love-lovable rcly-rcliable4 .名词+-ful-形容词carecareful 仔细的beautybeautiful 漂亮的 use-useful 有用的(全国卷 II) Branches of Plum Blossoms: The(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蒋蕾)make fantastic decorations.5 .名词+-y/-ly形容词wealth-wealthy 富裕的 friend-friendly 友好的 dead-deadly 致命的 rain-rainy 多雨的 noise-noisy 吵闹的 luck-lucky 幸运的 eldcr-eldcrly 上年纪的(2021 全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we slopped at (he different gales and(watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch (he local people going about their(day) routines.development of adult identity.10. As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to raise your(aware) of protecting the environment.真题演练单句填空(2021 年全国甲卷 70) Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gatesandwalchtowers to take pictures or just lo watch the local people going about their(day) routines.1. (2021 年全国乙卷68) Provide(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.2. (2020 年全国 I 卷62)Landing on the moon's far side is(extreme) challenging.3. (2020 年全国 H 卷61) Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.4. (2020 年全国 II 卷69) The(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蕾蕾) make fantastic decorations.5. (2020 年全国 II 卷.66)(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.B组(2020 年新课标卷 II语法填空)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.1. (2020 年新课标卷 III语法填空)Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.2. (2020 年山东新高考语法填空)In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.3. (2020 年山东新高考语法填空)Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.4. (2019 年新课标卷 II语法填空)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder).5. (2019 年新课标卷 III语法填空)When (hey were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete)to watch, together with the stoiy behind it.6 .动词+ive-形容词act-activc 积极的 crcate-crcative 有创造力的7 .名词+-ous-形容词anxietyanxious 焦急的 variety-various 各种各样的 glory-glorious 光荣的8 .名词+en（表示材料或质地）-形容词goldgolden 金色的woodwooden 木制的9 .动词+ent-形容词diffee-different 不同的 depend-dependent 依赖的10 .名词+less-形容词home-homeless 无家可归的use-useless 无用的 care-careless 粗心的11 .以-some结尾的形容词tiresome 令人厌烦的 troublesome awesome12 .以a-开头的形容词live-alive活着的wake-awake醒着的sleep-asleep睡着的afraid害怕的 alone独自的（二）动词的前缀和后缀1前缀cn-+形容词-动词rich-enrich 使丰富large-enlarge 变大；扩大.前缀en-名词-动词dangerendanger 使危险.形容词/名词+后缀-en-动词short-shorten 缩短 sharp-sharpen 使尖锐 deep-deepen 加深 dark-darken 变暗 strength-strcngthcn 力口强.形容词+-ify-动词simple-simplify 使简化 beauty-beautify 使美化 clear clarify 使净化.以-ize结尾的动词real-realize 意识到memory-memorize 记忆； 识记（三）名词的后缀后缀例词-age （状态;集合）shortage 缺少；marriage 婚姻-an/-ian （人，家）American美国人;musician 音乐家-ence/-ency （构成抽象名词）dependence 依靠；frequency 频率-ance （性质,状态）importance 重要性ant/-ent （人）assistant 助手；student 学生（全国卷 II） Chinese New Year is a（celebrate） marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.答案为 celebration o-cion/-sion/-tion/-ation （动作，状态）suspicion 怀疑；tension 紧张；repetition 重复；expect-expectation 期望-ee （动作承受者或受影响者）employee 受雇者；refugee 难民-er/oi（人或物）writer 作家；actor if5员-ess （女性）aclress 女演员;waitress 女服 务员；hostess女主人-ism （主义，教）communism共产主义-ist（主义者，家）communist共产主义者-ment （行为；结果；状态；性质）argumenl 争论；government 政府； development 发展-ship （关系，身份）friendship 友谊-hood （身份；性质）childhood 童年-th （结果，过程）growth成长-ty （状态；性质）anxiety 焦虑-ure （结果；行为；状态；实物）pressure 压力；picture 图画； pleasure 高兴al （动作过程；结果）arrival 到达；approval 同意2.动词+-al-名词arrivearrival 至lj达survivesurvival 幸存approveapproval 同意（全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the travelerto become 61（educate）about the areas - both in terms ofgeographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62（develop） of the local areas.（四）副词的后缀.形容词+-ly-副词（以某种方式）slow-slowly 缓慢地extreme-extremely 极度地complete-completely 完全地.以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i,力口-lyhappyhappily 高兴地 merry-merrily 快乐地.去e加-lytrue-truly 真正地.以-Ie结尾的形容词去e加lysimple-simply 简单地 gentle-gently 温柔地 terrible-terribly 糟糕地 possible-possibly 可能地 （五）表示否定或相反意义的意义l.un-/dis-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/non-, 非ablc-unablc 不能够 covcr-uncovcr 揭露 polite-impolite 不礼貌的 honest-dishonest 不诚实的 paiienl-impatienl 不耐烦的regular-irregular 不规则的 legal-illegal 非法的.mis-错误地lead-mislead 误导 take-mistake 误会； 误解 understand-misunderstand 误解.-less表示否定或相反意义的后缀use-useless无用的 hope-hopeless毫无希望的 home-homeless无家可归的总结：常用前缀1 .表否定un-: unhappy, uncomfortable, unconscious, undoubtedly （毋庸置疑地）,unlock （开锁）,undress （脱 衣）,unpack （打开行李）,unsay （收回说过的话）in-： incorrect, informal, indifferent （漠不关心的），invaluable （极有价值的；极宝贵的）im-: impossible, impolite, imperfect» impatient, immoral （彳、道德的）ik: illegal （违法的）,illogical （不合逻辑的）ir-: irregular （不规则的）,irresistible （不可抗拒的）irrelevant （不相关的）dis-: discover, disagree, disappear, dislike, disbelief, dishonest, dishonorable （不体面的）mis-: misunderstand, misjudge, misread, mislead （误导），misfortune （不幸）non-: non-smoker, nonstop, nonsense （胡说），non-drinker 不喝酒的人2 .表重复 re-: retell, reconsider, rearrange, react （作出反应），renew （更新），reusable （可再用的）， refresh （使恢复精力）3 .表中间 mid-: midnight, midpoint （中点），midway （中途），mid-July （七月中旬）4 .表超出 extra-: extraordinary, extracurricular （课外的）,extra-official （非官方的）5 .表超级 super-: supermarket, superstar （超级明星），superpower （超级大国）6 .表微小 micro-: microscope （显微镜），microcomputer （微机）7 .表小的 mini-: miniskirt, minibus （小型巴士：面包车）8 .表远 tele-: telescope, telephone, television, telephotograph （传真照片）9 .表千 kilo-: kilometer （千米）,kilogram （千克），kilowatt （千瓦）10 .表变化 trans-: translate, transform, transport, transformer （变压器）11 .表后于 post-: postpone （延迟），postgraduate （研究生）,postwar （战后的）12 .先于 pre: pre-school （学龄前的），pre-war （战前的），prehistoric （史前的）13 .相互 inter-: international, interview, interchange （互换）14 .前部；预先 fore-: forehead, foreword （序言），foreman （领班），forearm （前臂），foresee, forecast, foretell （预言；预料）15 .自动 auto-: automatic, automobile （汽车），autopilot （自动驾驶仪）16 .半 semi-: semicircle, semisolid （半固体的），semiconductor （半导体）17 .副 vice-: vice-chairman, vicc-inanagcr, vicc-prcsidcnt （副总统）18 .过多 over- :overeat （吃得过多）,overexcited, overpopulated （人口过多的）19 .使成为；把放入:cn-: encourage （鼓励），endanger （危及），enable （使能够），enrich （使富裕）， empower （授权）,encase （把装入箱），encage （把关在笼）20 .构成形容词或副词 a-: asleep, alive, alike, awake, alone, apart, aloud, ahead常用名词后缀1 .表示行为者- er: worker, teacher, paintenwaiter, performer, winner, Londoner（彳仑敦人）,northerner（d匕方人）,container （容器），cooker （炊具），opener （开启的人或工具），healer （取热器），timer （计时员；计时器），cutter （切割者；切割工具）- or : visitor, actor, sailor, inventor, conductor, director, translator, operator, survivor （幸存者）- ar: liar （说谎者），beggar （乞丐），scholar （学者）- ist: scientist, physicist, artist, tourist, novelist, specialist, medalist （奖牌获得者）- ant/ent: assistant, accountant, president- （i）an: librarian （图书管理员），hisiorian （史学家），politician （政治家），musician （音乐家）,African, American- ee : employee （受雇者），trainee （受训者），interviewee （被面试者）2 .表过程性质状态结果等抽象概念-ation: information, invitation, education, explanation, motivation, hesitation （犹豫）-（t）ion: action, construction, direction, introduction, invention, collection, attraction, connection-sion : conclusion, division, discussion, expression, possession-ssion: permission, admission-ance : allowance, importance, appearance, assistance, performance, resistance-ence: existence, preference, reference, difference, existence, absence, independence-ment: advertisement, agreement, amusement, argument, arrangement, development-ness: illness, sickness,happiness, kindness, sadness, goodness （善良； 美德）-hood : childhood, neighbourhood （邻居关系），brotherhood （兄弟关系；手足之情）-th : truth, strength, depth, length» growth, warmth, width （宽度）-ship: friendship, relationship, scholarship, membership, citizenship （国籍； 公民的身份）-（a）bility : possibility, disability, responsibility, flexibility （灵活性;柔韧性）-y: difficulty, recovery- （i）ty : reality, nationality, safety, cruelty （残酷行为）,certainty （确实的事情）- ery: bravery, bakery （面包房），cookery （烹调法）- al: approval, arrival, survival, refusal （拒绝）-age: marriage, shortage （不足；短缺）,storage （储存）-ing : feeling, hearing, building, meeting, opening, suffering, cooling （冷去ID-ful :handful» spoonful, mouthful （一 口），glassful （一杯的容量）plateful （满盘；一盘）- cy: fluency, accuracy （准确性）- dom: freedom; wisdom, kingdom（王国）常用形容词后缀- ful: successful, careful, hopeful, helpful, useful harmful, beautiful wonderful, colourful- y: guilty, stormy, healthy, wealthy, dirty, noisy, sleepy, foggy, muddy- less : breathless, tasteless, useless, hopeless, helpless, endless, stainless, meaningless- able: comfortable, reasonable, suitable, admirable, knowledgeable, remarkable （不寻常的）- al: personal, national, traditional, natural, cultural, agricultural, fictional, additional, musical- ical: political, physical, practical, grammatical, historical （历史上的）- ly: friendly （友好的）,monthly （每月的），daily （常的），timely （及时的）- en: golden, woollen, wooden, earlhen （泥土做的）- ous : dangerous, anxious, famous, poisonous, religious, mountainous, nervous, ambitious-ive: active, expensive, attractive, subjective, representative, creative, impressive-ish : foolish, selfish, childish, British-some: troublesome, fearsome （可-怕的）*burdensome （难于负担的）-ed: interested, ashamed, disappointed, furnished, talented, aged, strong-minded （意志坚强的）-ing :amazing, boring, interesting, surprising, disturbing, freezing（冰冷的）,shocking常用动词后缀- en: deepen, sharpen, shorten, lessen （变少），worsen （使恶化），strengthen, weaken- ize: realize, apologize, recognize, modernize, legalize, commercialize, popularize- （i）fy : satisfy, beautify, simplify, signify （表示;意味），terrify （使害怕）常用副词后缀- ly: quickly, simply, angrily, stupidly> hopefully, hopelessly, truly, smilingly, decidedly （坚决地;断然 it）, namely （即;就是），scientifically- ward（s）: upward（s）, downward（s）, forward （s）, backward（s）, Southward （s）, inward （s） outward （s）, homeward （s）（向家：在归途上）考点二：合成法合成法就是把两个或两个以上的独立的词结合在一起构成新词，这样的词一般称为合成词或复合词。复合名词的主要构成方式.名词+名词silkwomi 蚕 classroom 教室 daybreak 佛晓 flashlight 手电筒 necklace 项链.合成形容词good-looking 好看的 hard-working 勤奋的 cold-blooded 冷血的 newborn 新生的bittersweet苦乐参半的airsick晕飞机的 homesick想家的 easygoing随和的1 .合成动词名词+动词broadcast 播送 babysit 看孩子 副词+动词overcome 克月艮 undergo 经历 downfall 垮台;haircut 理发energy-saving 节能的breakthrough 突破 outbreak 爆发总结：合成名词：bookmark （书签）；guidebook （指南手册）；workshop （研讨会；车间）；sunsei（日落）合成形容词：lifelong （终身的;毕生的）；heartbreaking （令人心碎的）；absent-minded （心不在焉的）合成动词：whitewash （用石灰水刷白）；overcome （战胜）；overthrow （推翻）合成副词：anyway （无论如何）；everywhere （到处）；however （尽管如此）；forever （永远）合成介词：inside （在里）；outside （在外）;throughout （遍及）;within （在之内）考点三：转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性，称之为转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有 密切联系，但其拼写形式不变。名词转化为动词face脸一face面对形容词转化为动词dirty脏的一dirty弄脏动词转化为名词design 设计一design 图案形容词转化为名词daily每日的一daily日报形容词转化为副词deep深的一deep深深地3.【猜一猜】handcleanstressvaluewidehighdeepgradatestraightrightemptydown总结：1 .转化法动词一名词：change改变：找零一变化；walk步行一散步;stop停止一车站：record录音一记录 名词一动词：place地点t放置；lasle味道t尝起来；hand手-> 传递；递交；seal座位一使坐下形容词一>动词：clean干净一>使干净，打扫：clear清楚一清理；dirty脏一弄脏；dry干燥一烘干，晒 干；empty空的一>倒空.截短法缩略法截短法：telephone>phone, aeroplane>plane, advertisement*ad. , laboratory*lab, influenza>flu ,smog(smoke + fog)烟雾;brunch (breakfast +lunch)早午餐；newscast (news + broadcast)新闻广播;sci-fi (science + fiction)科幻小说缩略法：television TV (读字母音)电视;very important person> VIP (读字母音)要人；Testing of English as a Foreign Language-* TOEFL(作为一个单词读音)托福构词法练习题组A基础过关练单句语法填空My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much(confident).1. Smoking during pregnancy(danger) your baby's life.2. It was a(fog) cold morning when he set off for the remote village.3. People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is(use).4. The(protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world.5. The meeting supposed to be(success) turned out to be a failure in the end.6. Customs officials(cover) a plot to smuggle weapons into the country.7. Ann will be remembered for her ability and her(warm).8. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning(necessary).9. It has a highly(regular) shape, covered with bumps and indentations.10. It is(legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16.11. Extracurricular activities(able) the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.12. You can rely on him because he is quite(rely).13. People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or(honest).14. You may find to your(amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believe possible.15. I cannot control my body well. My legs become(pain).16. Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentaiy (纪录片)to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely(ambition) parents.17. Under her(encourage), I would spend hours burying myself in novels, even if my friends just laughed at me.18. The (grow) number of Chinese tourists traveling to Spain has in recent years offered opportunities for local companies.19. China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “new four great(invent)''.20. I(firm) believed I could learn lots of words, phrases, translation skills, news stories and even amazing knowledge by reading it.21. In most(develop) countries, like America and the Great Britain, teaching is a profession.22. (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.23. Being(happy) is like an infectious disease. It causes people to stay away from the sufferer.24. She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her(comfo