05+定语从句【知识串讲】-备战2023年高考英语语法知识串讲与运用（通用版）.docx

备战2023年高考 英语语法知识串讲05定语从句定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关 系副词when, where, why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、who指人，在从句中作主语That is the man who inspires me to be a devoted person.2、whom指人，在句中作宾语，常可省略The professor (whom) you wish to see is in the lecture hall.3、whose通常指人，也可指事物，在从句中作定语This is the scientist whose contribution is known all over the world.4、which指事物，在从句中作定语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。This is the book which covers the history of Chinese culture.5、that指事物，也可指人，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略This is the only novel that interests me in the bookstore.5、as引导的定语从句as也可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应, 从句中谓语动词常省略As we all know, wearing facial masks is good for us.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, hour, year等)I still remember the time when we spent the Spring Festival together.2、where表示地点，其下先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area等）Is this the hotel where we lived last winter holiday?3、why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面I don't know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不愉快注意关系代词和关系副词的选择：取决于从句中缺什么成分I still remember the time when we spent the Spring Festival together.缺斗犬语I still remember the time that/which/ X we spent together. 缺宾语三、关系代词前带介词的定语从句1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词+which （或whom）” 引出Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化This is the hero from whom we've learned a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位英雄。2、定语从句也可以由“名词（或代词或数词）+介词+which （whom）”引出The house the windows of which were damaged in the hurricane has now been repaired.在飓风中窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经修理好了四、四种类型的定语从句只能用that引导1、当先行词是不定代词时，如 all, much, something, anything, everything, little, none 等词 时，定语从句引导词多为that例1 ： Tell me everything that you know about the new camera.把你关于那个相机知道的都告诉我。2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或由下面词汇修饰时，应该用that这些词分别是:first, the only, last, any, few, same, no, some例2：The novel the Three Bodies is the only book that has ever won such great attention.例 3： The present moment is the best gift that you can give yourselfo3、当关系代词在限定性从句中用作表语的时候，需要用that例 4： He is not the weak man that he was five years ago.他不再是五年前那个软弱的人了。4、当并列的两个先行词分别指人或物的时候，需要用that彳列 5 ： He was interested in the children and gifts that were in the car.关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语时，that也可以省略。但是，that在定语从句中作主语的时候， 则不可以省略。五、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别这类定语从句只能由Which或as引导。两者之间的区别在于：1、which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如：Yuan Longping, as we know, is a great man.众所周知，袁隆平是一位伟大的人物。（不可用which）Jack is late, as is often the case.杰克迟到了，这事是经常发生的。（不可用which）2、as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。如：Jack was late, which （=and this） made his teacher very angry.杰克迟到 了，这件事使他的老师非常 生气。（不可用as）3、as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。如：He lost the game, which was unexpected.他输了比赛，这是出乎意料的。（不可用as）4、as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事,一点）”,可用and this/that/it来代替。5、as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case（这是常有的事），as was expected（不出所料），as often happens（正如经常发生的那样），as is known to all（众所周知），as has been said before（如上所述），as is mentioned above（正如上面所提到的）等。注：which 代表整个句子，还可用于 in which case, at which point, on which occasion 等。如：I may have to work late, in which case I'll call you.我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打电话的。六、of whom / which引导的定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体” 的关系时，用of which / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能 用 whose 来代替 of whicho1、表示整体中的部分I picked up the apples, some of which were green.我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些是绿色的。I bought some glasses, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我买 了 一些杯子，六个在我掉 了 盒子时摔碎了。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。2、表不所属关系He sent me a book, the name of which attracted me at first sight.他寄了一本书给我，书名在第一眼 就吸引了我。句中的 the name of which=whose name。I like the house the window of which faces south. 句中的 the window of which=whose windowo