2023北京丰台高三（上）期末英语（教师版）.docx

2023北京丰台高三（上）期末英 语笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my 1: Am I goodenough? It was a question that 2 me through my first month, even as began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to 3 my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously.4wasn't I as well? Hadn't I landed here because I was smart like them?The truth is that I didn't know. This5was like a deadly cell that threatened to divide and divide again,unless I could find some way to stop it.Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be 6, and so did my second. Over the course of myfirst two years, I began to build the same kind of 7 I'd had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt 8 took leave.I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often 9 the gap. I wasn't a straight-A student, but I was always 10 and I made progress.1. A. excitementB. satisfactionC. angerD. worry2. A. freedB. doggedC. warmedD. guided3. A. observeB. admireC. supportD. calm4. A. OrB. SoC. ButD. For5. A. guessB.doubtC. interestD. risk6. A. excellentB. averageC. differentD. unique7. A. responsibilityB. friendshipC. confidenceD. teamwork8. A. suddenlyB. frequentlyC. accidentallyD. slowly9. A. closeB. noticeC. locateD. create10. A. expectingB. tryingC. wonderingD. suffering第二节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gary is a children's book author. He first became II （interest） in cartoon art when he was a child. He enjoyed writing stories about his characters and sharing 12 （they） with others. However, he was quite考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。A.responsibility 责任；B. friendship 友谊；C. confidence 信心；D. teamwork 团队合作。根据前文 “Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be 6, and so did my second.（幸运的是，我的第轮成绩彳艮优秀，第二轮也是如此）”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了信心。故选C项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A. suddenly突然；B. frequently 频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“With each little achievement（每一个小小的成 就）”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”， 表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. locate位于；D.create创造。分析语境可知，"the gap（差距）”应是指前文"always a step or two ahead of me"提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以缩小这种 差距。故选A项。【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A. expecting期待;B. trying努力;C. wondering想知道；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“I made progress（我取得了进步）”可 知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了努力。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】11. interested 12. them 13. To improve14. knew【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加里是一名儿童图书作家，他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并 与他人分享。但是，有时候人们却是处于礼貌对其作品进行称赞，于是，他开始写一些真正有趣的故事以改 变这种尴尬的局面。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：他第一次对漫画艺术产生兴趣是在他还是个孩子的时候。分析可知，所填词在句中作 表语，应是形容词，结合主语为“He”，表人物，应是-ed结尾的形容词"interested" , "become interested in v , “对感兴趣”。故填 interested。【12题详解】考查人称代词宾格。句意：他喜欢写关于他笔下人物的故事，并与他人分享。分析可知，所填词在句中作 宾语，应是用人称代词宾格形式。故填them。【13题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了改善这种尴尬的局面，加里开始写一些有趣的故事。分析可知，所填词在句 中作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填To improve。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：他知道即使是有礼貌的成年人也不会假装笑。分析可知，所填词在句中作谓语动词，结 合前文语境可知用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填knew。【答案】15. forimportant16. which#that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。拯救自然是世界自然基金会的核心，文章介绍了其工作内容和重要性。【15题详解】考查介词。句意:我们保护野生动物有很多原因。根据后文“It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental to the balance of nature.（这是灵感的来源。它增强了 一种惊奇感。这是自然平衡的基 础。）”可知，此处是指我们保护野生动物有很多原因，所以应用介词for表示“因为"。故填for。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：在我们的工作中，世界自然基金会致力于拯救野生动物中最重要的物种。修饰名词 species应用形容词important表示“重要的”作定语。故填important。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个被称为家园的美丽而不可替代的星球。在定 语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为planet ,所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。【答案】18. if#whetheris caused19. because【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原 因。【18题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档开始研究是否人们比起其他颜色更喜欢某些颜色。此处是宾语从 句，根据句意可知，句中指是否人们比起其他颜色更喜欢某些颜色，应用if或whether引导从句，意为 “是否"。故填if或whether。【19题详解】考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的 是客观事实，应用一般现在时；color preference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态， preference为不可数名词。故填is causedo【20题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句 意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为 “因为"。故填because。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）【答案】2LC22. A 23. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。 文章对这个网站进行了推广和宣传。21题详解】细节理角军题。根据第二段第二句 uFor example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons.（例如，根据我们的活动日历,本周你可以参加园艺课和歌唱课。）”可 知，本周人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 "Sign up via the online registration form at M.（通过 M 的 在线注册表注册。）”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动，所以选项A正确。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据标题uExplore your world 一 Mirthy （探索你的世界Mirthy）n和第一段第一句u Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. （Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任。）”可知，这篇文章 的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。【答案】24.D25. B 26. C 27. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他 能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句 “It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me."（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者 想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句 "She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by."（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永 不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第六句uShe was the type who never got defeated. v （她是那种永远不会被打败的 人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句don want you to feel guilty about anything.（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的 人。故选C项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句 "As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.v （在赛跑 时候，每当我想慢 下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结 合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。【答案】28. A29. B 30. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句"Instinct can also be improved."（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句 “The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be. "（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随着熟练度 提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故"unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。 【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句 uInstinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization.（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作 效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句 "The question of when to trust your instinct （直觉）and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah （草原）”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该 缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知I,在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一 段第一句 "When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition.（什么时#矣在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容 可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。【答案】31.D32. C 33. B 34. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像，但也由此带来了许多道德问题，文章 对这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt （提示词）into one of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text.（这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文本 创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。）”和第二段前两句"Text-to-imageAIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur“ or laser and soon then used what is called a diffusion model （扩散模型）to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures.（文本到图像 AI 通过查看人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时，它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙”或 激光的图像，然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。）”可知，文本到图像AI 根据在线图片创作作品。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 "As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without payment.（正如许多艺术家所指出的，他们的作品被免费使用。）”可知，文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题 之一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C。33题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句 Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a "collecting society that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets.（也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组建一个 “收藏协会”，允许公司对其艺术品进行数据集许可。）”可知，作者在第5段中提到BMI是为了提出一 种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical. We can't simply snarf up every image online - we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay them to do it.（为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统，我们需要承认那些让这些系 统如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地在网上抓取每一张图片，我们需要人类来管理这些数据集，我们需要支 付他们的费用。）”可知，在文本到图像AI的运用中，应重视人类的努力。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）【答案】35.G36. E 37. C 38. F 39. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人 幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大 惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是 因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的 积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。【35题详解】设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“'From giving away a cup ofhot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be/ states a study.（一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低 估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。"）”可知，该部分强调表现善意 的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G u Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.（然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一 个人产生什么影响。）”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“even the smallest of kind acts（甚至是最小的善举）”对应 后文的 “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab（从在公园里送一杯热 巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物）”。故选G项。【36题详解】根据后文 “Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?（然而，为什么我们认为某人 会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？）”提出 了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词 “underestimate（低估，看轻）”含义。选项 E "This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their ownactions in relation to others.（这种误解表明,人们贬低自己与他人的关系。）”中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，目.“devalue”对应uunderestimatev ,符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。【37题详解】根据后文 “This 4voice, tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.（这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良 影响。）”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响 的声音。选项 C “We all carry around a "critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.（我们都有一种“批判的 内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。）”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。38题详解】根据前文“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior.（与良心不同，这种内心的批 评不会激发积极的行为。）”提出了 “内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的 具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F “Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.（相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益 影响。）”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔 接紧密。故选F项。【39题详解】根据前文 “One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to 0thers.（对 抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。）”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文"We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.（我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来 看待自己。）”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后 文。选项A "However, the work doesn't stop there.（然而，这项工作并不止于此。）”为转折句，"the work” 呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）【答案】40. Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.41. Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.42. If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, blit dateexpired food.Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when "overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.43. Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一些 新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日 期标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的 方法判断食物。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容 “To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide to remove date labelling, such as the 'use-by' or cbest-befbre, date, from some fresh food items.（为了减少家 庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最 佳食用日期"。）”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容 “But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.（但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，因 为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。）"可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能 得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容 uInformation is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste, and feel when "overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.（还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况 的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。）”可知，“If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.（如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。）”中 “they will not accept edible, but date-expired food”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but dateexpired food. Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.【43题详解】开放题。本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据 文章第四段内容 u Without date labels, information that may affect consumers9 understanding of what is edible, is removed.（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的信息就会被删除。）”可知，没有日期 标签，消费者可能无法了解该食品的可食用信息。故答案为：Removing date labels from some fresh fooditems can prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.第二节（20分）【答案】Dear Jim,In your last letter, you mentioned that you wanted to know how to improve learning efficiency. I'll give you some advice.Firstly, when acquiring new knowledge, you should try to make connections with what you have already learned. Secondly, you should learn to do "spaced review"，especially during the first day after learning. Besides, there are some common practices you should know, such as sleeping well and doing physical exercise. All these can help improve your memory and learn effectively.I hope my advice will be useful. If you need more help, please let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，针对如何提高学习效率给出一些建 议并说明理由。【详解】1 .词汇积