【小升初语法】专项复习讲练测-名词（含讲义答案）.docx

小升初语言知识运用名词Jacky Chen lives in Shanghai.（Jacky Chen 和 Shanghai 是名词）A monkey is eating a banana.（monkey 和 banana 是名词）名词是表示人、事物、地点等名称的词。它可以表示具体的东西，也可以表示抽象的概念。一、名词的种类名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词。例如：Jerry likes cookies, and his favorite is OreoC奥利奥）.（普通名词）（专有名词）Tina wants to be a writer in the future, just 1 汰e Jane Austen.（普通名词）（专有名词）（一）专有名词专有名词是用来表示特定的人、事物、地点或机构的名称。1 .专有名词的类别人名：John约翰,Linda琳达,Einstein爱因斯坦；国名、地名、山河名：China中国,Shanghai上海；机构、报刊：the United Nations联合国，China Daily中国日报;星期几、节日:Friday星期五,National Day国庆节。2 .专有名词的用法（1）专有名词的首字母要大写，例如:Mary。（2）专有名词前冠词的用法：节假日前不用冠词，即使用零冠词，例如:National Day国庆节,Children's Day儿童节。某些专有名词，如江、河、湖、海的名字需要与定冠词the连用，例如：the West Lake 西湖,the Yellow River 黄河,the Great Wall 长城。典型例题（）My dad likes to read. He reads every day.A. Newspapers; China DailyB. newspapers; china dailyC. newspapers; China DailyD. newspapers; China daily正确答案C七、选择填空。)1. Jane needsfor school.A. a English bookB. an English bookC. some English book D. English book)2. A mother butterfly layson a leaf.A. some eggB. a eggC. some eggsD. many egg)3. Ladies and gentlemen, herethe news.A. areB. isC. amD./)4. She's, cutting out the shadow withof scissors.A. a pairB. a pieceC. a sheetD. a bar)5. Tom often hasbread for his breakfast.A. two pieces ofB. two piece ofC. twoD. two pieces)6. How manyare there in the picture?A. peachB. the peachC. peachsD. peaches)7. There? re sixtyinhour.A. minute; aB. minute; anC. minutes; anD. minutes; a)8. Listen! Miss Fang is reading out theto the puzzles.A. keyB. keiesC. keysD. key's)9. He goes to schoolA. on footA. on footB. on feetC. on the footD. on the feet)10. Some)10. Someare chasing someJA. cat; mouseB. cat; miceC. cats; mouseD. cats; mice)11. Mr. and Mrs. Decarlo like ChineseA. foods and peoplesA. foods and peoplesB. foods and peopleC. food and peoplesD. food andpeople)12. Mrs. Clark often has some)12. Mrs. Clark often has someandfor supper.A. noodle; fruitB. noodles; fruitsC. noodles; fruitD. noodle;fruit)13. Why does she look so unhappy? Oh, she's gotA. a bad teethA. a bad teethB. a bad toothC. some bad toothD. some bad tooths)14. Every year, Maria makes)14. Every year, Maria makesinvitations for her birthday.A. muchB. a littleC. manyD. an)15. She's so happy that she has)15. She's so happy that she hashomework today.A. manyB. lots ofC. a lot ofD. a little)16.is famous all over the world.A. Great WallB. The great wall C. The Great Wall D. The Great wall)17. Children,is coming. What are you going to do for it?We are going to make some national flags.A. National dayB. the National dayC. National DayD. the National Day)18. - Whose is this amazing bedroom? It isA. Tim's and Jim'sA. Tim's and Jim'sB. Tim and Jim's C. tim and jim'sD. Tim and Jim)19. Whose pencil-cases are these? They are theA. childrens1A. childrens1B. children'sC. children'D. children)20.1 am a friend ofA. the GreenA. the GreenB. the GreensC. the Greens'sD. the Greens')21. - Whose bags are these? They areA. the twinsA. the twinsB. the twins1C. the twins'sD. twins')22. These)22. Thesearc made ofA. glass; glassA. glass; glassB. glasses; glassesC. glasses; glassD. glass; glasses)23. Theredifferentin the pond.A. is; fishB. is; fishesC. are;fishD. are; fishes,)24. They areA. woman teacherA. woman teacherB. women teachersC. woman teachersD. women teacher)25. Everyone has)25. Everyone hasat the party.A. great funsB. many funsC. much funD. much funs八、根据上下文和首字母提示，在空格上填入适当的名词，使文章意思通顺。Today is S(1). It is a sunny d(2). Peter and Sandy are out for a p(3). They go to a p(4). It is a big park. They can see many p(5) there. There are a lot of green t(6) and beautiful f(7) in the park. Near the gate, there is a 1(8). Some beautiful swans are swimming in the lake and you can see lets of fish there.Peter and Sandy take many things to eat, such as bread, sausages, cookies and oranges. They have 1(9) under a tree. After lunch they read some b(10) and talk with each other. They have a great time.令关注有礼学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令 海量教育资源一触即达令新鲜活动资讯即时上线解题思路：前句中没有特指爸爸喜欢看哪份报纸，所以newspapers是一个普通名词，首字母不需 要大写；而China Daily是一份报纸的名称，所以China和Daily的首字母都要大写。（二）普通名词不属于特定的人、事物或地点的名称的词，例如：people人们。普通名词通常又分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词的数二、名词的数（一）可数名词可以以数目来计算，能够分成个体的名词就是可数名词。可数名词又分为单数名词和复数名词。1 .单数名词（1）首字母的发音为辅音时，使用不定冠词a,例如:a dog, a uniform。（2）首字母的发音为元音时，使用不定冠词an,例如:an叩pie, an hour。注意:单数名词前加a或是&n,不是取决于该名词的首字母，而是取决于首字母的发音。例如:单词 hour的首字母虽为辅音字母h,但是发的第一个音是/au/,是元音，所以“一个小时”应该是an houro.复数名词可数名词由单数变为复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。单数变复数的规则变化形式：（1） 一般情况下，词尾直接加-s,例如：snakesnakes清辅音+ s读/s/bedbeds浊辅音+ s读/z/barbars元音+ s读/z/（2）元音字母加y结尾，直接加s,例如:boyboys/z/keykeys/z/toytoys/z/(3)以s, x, sh, ch结尾，加es,例如:busbuses/k/boxboxes/z/watchwatches/k/(4)辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i,加es,例如:babybabies/z/ladyladies/z/flyflies此处ies读/az/(5)以f、fe结尾,变f、fe为v,加-es,例如:knifeknives/vz/leafleaves/vz/wolfwolves/vz/(6)以o结尾，表示人物、动植物的单词，加-es,例如:potatopotatoes/z/tomatotomatoes/z/heroheroes/z/(7)以。结尾，表示无生命的物体，多数加-s,例如:photophotos/z/radioradios/z/pianopianos/z/zoozoos/z/kilokilos/z/单数变复数的不规则变化形式:(1)单复数同形,例如:deerdeersheepsheepChineseChinese（2）改变中间元音，例如:goosegeesetoothteethfootfeet（3）改变词尾，例如:oxoxenchildchildrenmanmenwomanwomenmousemice注意：roof（屋顶），handkerchief（手帕）虽然是以f结尾，但是它们的复数形式是roofs, handkerchiefs, 即直接加-s;而scarf（围巾）的复数形式可以是scarfs,也可以是scarves<>fish用作可数名词指“鱼的条数”时单数和复数形式相同，lw。fish （两条鱼），指“鱼的种类” 时复数形式为fishes,如iw。fishes （两种鱼）；fish用作不可数名词时无复数形式，应作“鱼肉”解。有些名词总是复数形式，常与复数动词连用，例如:clothes （衣服），police （警察）， trousers （裤子），glasses （眼镜），scissors （剪刀）等。有些复合名词的复数形式，通常是把最后一个词变成复数形式，例如:boy students （男生）， girl students （女生）；但是如果man和woman位于复合名词的第一部分，两部分都要变成复数， 例如:men drivers （男司机），women drivers （女司机）。（二）不可数名词不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的名词就是不可数名词。小学阶段常见的不可数名词有：water, milk, juice, lemonade, honey, coffee, tea, jam, ink, homework, cheese, rice, sugar, salt, flour, money, paper, meat, glue, bread, rain, snow, furniture 等。不可数名词的用法(I)不可数名词不能与不定冠词a/an连用，请对比:错误:I need a sugar, a salt and a flour to make a cake.正确：I need some sugar, salt and flour to make a cake.(2)不可数名词在句子中作为单数名词来使用，请对比：错误：There are some bread on the table.正确：There is some bread on the table.(3)不可数名词的量可以借助piece, slice, drop, packel, lube等单位词来表示。其中，piece的使用 尤为广泛，例如：papera piece of paper2 pieces of paperbreada piece of bread3 pieces of breadfurniturea piece of furniture4 pieces of furniturewatera glass of water5 glasses of watersoapa bar of soap6 bars of soapricea bowl of rice7 bowls of rice(4)不可数名词可以用 some, any, little/a little, much, a lot of 来修饰，但是不能用 many, few/a few 来修饰,请对比：错误:Jerry has many homeworks today.正确：Jerry has much homework today.(5)对不可数名词的量的提问应该用how much,对可数名词.个数的提问应该用how many,例如: The monkey eats 2 kilos of fruit every day.How much fruit does the monkey eat every day?注意：有些名词在汉语概念中是可数的，但是在英语中却是不可数的，例如：一支粉笔 a piece of chalk onoodles和vegetables这两个单词常作为复数来使用。典型例题()Kate needs empty paper cup,rice and paper to make a shaker.A. a; some; a B. an; some; a C. an;some;a piece ofD. an; many; a piece of正确答案C解题思路empty的首字母发音为元音，所以一个空纸杯应该是an empty paper cup,排除选项A； rice是不可数名词，不能用many来修饰，排除D； paper也是不可数名词，一张纸应该是a piece of paper,所以排除B,只能选择C。三、名词的所有格Is this Linda's umbrella?（Linda's 为名词所有格）No, it isn't. It's Peter's.（Peter's 为名词所有格）名词的所有格主要是用来表示名词与名词之间的一种所属关系，它的中文意思为“的名词所有格的构成（1）单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词后加，s,例如：单数名词MaryMary's bookchildthe child's petboythe boy's ball不以S结尾的复数名词childrenchildren's Daywomenwomen's clothesmenmen's ties（2）以s或es结尾的复数名词后面加，,例如:boysboys, ballsladiesthe ladies' dressesteachersTeachers, Day（3）在并列的几个名词后面各加:表示物体分别属于某人；在并列的几个名词的最后一个名词 后加's,表示物体为几个人共同拥有，例如：Lucy and Lily's pet这只宠物为Lucy和Lily共同拥有Lucy's and Lily's pets这些宠物分别属于Lucy和Lily（4） “of +名词”一般用来表示无生命的物体间的所属关系，而且也经常可以转化为1的格式，例 如：of+名词，s天空的颜色the colour of the skythe sky's colour自行车铃the bell of the bicyclethe bicycle's bell画框the frame of the picturethe picture's frame书的标题the title of the bookthe book's title(5)双重所有格，“of+名词所有格、通常用来表示整体中的一个或部分，请对比：Peter的一位朋友错误：a friend of Peter正确：a friend of Peter's = one of Peter's friends马丁先生的一些亲戚错误:some relatives of Martin正确：some relatives of Martin's = some of Martin's relatives典型例题()This lovely pet dog is.A. Linda's and Susan's B. Linda and Susan's C. Linda's and Susan正确答案B解题思路从题目中可以看出，只有一只pet dog,所以这只小狗是Linda和Susan共同拥有的，I 应该加在最后一个人的名字后面。练习、正确书写下列单词或词组。1. coke3. mr. smith2. french fries4. mr and mrs green5. the usa6. the great wall7. Chinese books8. physical education9. t-shirt1(). class one, grade five二、写出下列名词的复数形式。1. window2. fox3. photo4. bean5. story6. dish7. fish8. shelf9. child10. tomato11. lotus12. this13. woman14. sheep15. ac.tress三、选出不同类别的单词。()1. A. grandmaB. grandpaC. teacherD. father()2. A. doctorB. firefighter C. peopleD. bus driver()3. A. Mr. BlackB. my teacherC. Miss LuD. Mrs. Smith()4. A. shortB. shortsC. blouseD. sweater()5. A. computer labB. classroom C. gymD. shop()6. A. supermarketB. schoolC. police station D. China()7. A. grassB. hayC. meatD. eat()8一 A. stoneB. flowerC. cornD. learn()9. A. aviaryB. fountainC. pondD. park()10. A. sunB. rainC. cloudyD. wind四、根据句意，从方框内选出正确的单词或短语完成句子，每词或短语只准使用一次。leaves newspaper hair giraffe comic book North Country Parkbar June UK the door of the classroom1. John is eating a of chocolate.2. In autumn,fall and fall.3. The Li family is going to have a picnic in.4. Grandma Wang likes to read every morning.5. The Barbie doll has got beautiful long.6. Mary hopes she can get a as her birthday present.7. We can see some in the zoo.8. Peter's favorite month is, because he can enjoy Children's Day.9. George is from London,.10. Don't forget to lock before you leave.五、根据句意，从方框内选出合适的单词或短语，并使用其正确形式完成句子。piece woman the twins actress art and craft1. They are drivers.2. Linda's favorite subject is.3. Mrs. Gasbag bought two of furniture last week.4. They are excited to see so many charming.5. These are uniforms.六、根据句意或括号内的提示，在空格中填入正确的单词。1. How many(toy) arc there in the box? - There is one.2. There is a pair of(glass) on my nose.3. -(who) fruit is this? ICs Peter's.4. Those(girl) dolls are beautiful. They like them very much.5. We are(nurse).6. What are(that)? " They are two(pair) of shoes.7. Is there(some) butter in the packet? Yes.8. Those biscuits are(square).9. What is your brother? He is a(teach).10. Don't eat .too much chocolate. It*s bad for our(tooth).11. The(boy) sketchbooks are over there.12. This skateboard is(Kitty and Sue).13. This is a picture of(new Zealand).14.1 like best, because it is warm and green.15. Our National Day is on the first.