防治荒漠化和干旱世界日致辞1.pdf
-防治荒漠化和干旱世界日致辞防治荒漠化和干旱世界日致辞荒漠化和土地退化使三分之一的地球表面受到影响，并对多达荒漠化和土地退化使三分之一的地球表面受到影响，并对多达1010 亿人的生计、福祉和发展构成威胁。在长期干旱、饥荒和日益深亿人的生计、福祉和发展构成威胁。在长期干旱、饥荒和日益深化的贫穷面前，许多人唯有一种选择：逃离家园。据估计，环境问题化的贫穷面前，许多人唯有一种选择：逃离家园。据估计，环境问题造成的移民人数已达到造成的移民人数已达到 2 4002 400 万人。万人。到到 20502050 年，年，这个数字可能增至这个数字可能增至 2 2亿。亿。今年防治荒漠化和干旱世界日纪念活动着重强调，今年防治荒漠化和干旱世界日纪念活动着重强调，荒漠化对国家荒漠化对国家和区域稳定构成的威胁日益严重。在过去和区域稳定构成的威胁日益严重。在过去 4040 年里，世界上近三分之年里，世界上近三分之一的农田已经荒芜，一的农田已经荒芜，被人遗弃。被人遗弃。近四分之三的草地呈现不同程度的荒近四分之三的草地呈现不同程度的荒漠化。漠化。气候变化是一个肇因，但并非是唯一的肇因。我们尤其必须重气候变化是一个肇因，但并非是唯一的肇因。我们尤其必须重新审视我们的农业作法以及水资源管理方式。新审视我们的农业作法以及水资源管理方式。农业和畜牧业占用农业和畜牧业占用70%70%的淡水使用量，并造成的淡水使用量，并造成 80%80%的森林砍伐。对用作动物饲料和生物燃的森林砍伐。对用作动物饲料和生物燃料的农作物的需求日益增长，料的农作物的需求日益增长，如不进行可持续管理，如不进行可持续管理，这将给这些稀有这将给这些稀有资源带来进一步压力。资源带来进一步压力。全球目前的消费模式和生产模式不可持续。所带来的后果包括：全球目前的消费模式和生产模式不可持续。所带来的后果包括：更多的全球粮食危机更多的全球粮食危机(例如例如 20082008 年发生的粮食危机年发生的粮食危机)、荒漠化持续、荒漠化持续、土地退化和长期干旱。通常，土地退化和长期干旱。通常，穷人是最先深受其害、穷人是最先深受其害、也是最后摆脱危也是最后摆脱危机的人。机的人。最近结束的可持续发展委员会第十七届会议强调指出，最近结束的可持续发展委员会第十七届会议强调指出，荒漠化和荒漠化和土地退化是全球性问题，必须对此采取全球性对策。今年土地退化是全球性问题，必须对此采取全球性对策。今年 1212 月，世月，世-界各国领导人将在哥本哈根举行会议，界各国领导人将在哥本哈根举行会议，就气候变化问题达成协议，就气候变化问题达成协议，届届时可以提出这一对策。全面、时可以提出这一对策。全面、公平的放缓全球变暖协议，公平的放缓全球变暖协议，还必须协助还必须协助发展中国家适应业已产生的影响。发展中国家适应业已产生的影响。协议尤其必须提供充足、协议尤其必须提供充足、可预测的可预测的融资，为改善土地管理、提高用水效率和可持续农业提供支助。融资，为改善土地管理、提高用水效率和可持续农业提供支助。值此防治荒漠化和干旱世界日之际，我们应认识到放任荒漠化问值此防治荒漠化和干旱世界日之际，我们应认识到放任荒漠化问题加剧带来的安全威胁。我们还应认识到，通过遏制气候变化，我们题加剧带来的安全威胁。我们还应认识到，通过遏制气候变化，我们可以为扭转荒漠化趋势、可以为扭转荒漠化趋势、提高农业生产力、提高农业生产力、减缓贫穷和加强全球安全减缓贫穷和加强全球安全助一臂之力。助一臂之力。Secretary-GeneralsSecretary-GeneralsmessagemessageononWorldWorldDayDaytotoCombatCombatDesertification and DroughtDesertification and DroughtDesertification and land degradation affect one third of the EarthsDesertification and land degradation affect one third of the Earthssurface,threatening the livelihoods,well-being and development of assurface,threatening the livelihoods,well-being and development of asmany as 1 billion people.Faced with long periods of drought,faminemany as 1 billion people.Faced with long periods of drought,famineand deepening poverty,many have only one option:flight from theand deepening poverty,many have only one option:flight from theland.land.ThereThere areare alreadyalready anan estimatedestimated 2424 millionmillion environmentallyenvironmentallyinduced migrants.That number could rise to 200 million by 2050.induced migrants.That number could rise to 200 million by 2050.This years observance of the World Day to Combat DesertificationThis years observance of the World Day to Combat Desertificationand Drought highlights the growing threat to national and regionaland Drought highlights the growing threat to national and regionalstabilitystability posedposed byby desertification.desertification.NearlyNearly one-thirdone-third ofof thethe worldsworlds-cropland has become unproductive and been abandoned in the pastcropland has become unproductive and been abandoned in the past4040years.years.AlmostAlmostthree-quartersthree-quartersofofrangelandsrangelandsshowshowvariousvarioussymptoms of desertification.Climate change is a contributing factor,symptoms of desertification.Climate change is a contributing factor,butbut notnot thethe onlyonly one.one.InIn particular,particular,wewe mustmust reconsiderreconsider ourouragriculturalagricultural practicespractices andand howhow wewe managemanage ourour waterwater resources.resources.AgricultureAgriculture andand thethe raisingraising ofof livestocklivestock accountaccount forfor 7070 perper centcent ofoffreshwater use and as much as 80 per cent of deforestation.Growingfreshwater use and as much as 80 per cent of deforestation.Growingdemanddemand forfor cropscrops forfor animalanimal feedfeed andand biofuelsbiofuels willwill putput furtherfurtherpressure on these scarce resources if not managed sustainably.pressure on these scarce resources if not managed sustainably.CurrentCurrentglobalglobalconsumptionconsumptionandandproductionproductionpatternspatternsareareunsustainable.unsustainable.TheThe consequencesconsequences willwill includeinclude furtherfurther globalglobal foodfoodcrises,crises,suchsuch asas wewe sawsaw inin 2008,2008,andand continuedcontinued desertification,desertification,landlanddegradationdegradation andand periodsperiods ofof drought.drought.AsAs usual,usual,thethe poorpoor willwill bebe thethefirst victims and the last to recover.first victims and the last to recover.TheThe recentlyrecently concludedconcluded seventeenthseventeenth sessionsession ofof thethe CommissionCommission ononSustainableSustainable DevelopmentDevelopment stressedstressed thatthat desertificationdesertification andand landlanddegradationdegradation areare globalglobal problemsproblems thatthat requirerequire a a globalglobal response.response.InInDecember,December,worldworld leadersleaders cancan provideprovide suchsuch a a responseresponse whenwhen theytheymeetmeetininCopenhagenCopenhagentotosealseala adealdealononclimateclimatechange.change.A Acomprehensivecomprehensive andand equitableequitable agreementagreement toto slowslow downdown globalglobalwarming must also help developing countries to adapt to the impactswarming must also help developing countries to adapt to the impacts-that are already under way.In particular,it must provide adequatethat are already under way.In particular,it must provide adequateandand predictablepredictable financingfinancing toto supportsupport improvedimproved landland management,management,more efficient water use and sustainable agriculture.more efficient water use and sustainable agriculture.OnOn thisthis WorldWorld DayDay toto CombatCombat DesertificationDesertification andand Drought,Drought,letlet ususrecognizerecognize thethesecuritysecurity risksrisks ofoflettinglettingdesertificationdesertification advanceadvanceunchecked.Let usunchecked.Let us also recognize that by combating climate changealso recognize that by combating climate changewewecancanhelphelptotoreversereversedesertification,desertification,increaseincreaseagriculturalagriculturalproductivity,alleviate poverty and enhance global security.productivity,alleviate poverty and enhance global security.
