公开课读写任务：概括.ppt

读写任务是要求考生首先阅读一篇短文，然读写任务是要求考生首先阅读一篇短文，然后按照要求写一篇后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。词左右的英语短文。要求先用约要求先用约30词概括短文全文或短文某个词概括短文全文或短文某个方面的内容，再用约方面的内容，再用约120词就某个主题发表词就某个主题发表观点。发表观点时题中本身有内容要点提示。观点。发表观点时题中本身有内容要点提示。具体来说，这类试题有以下几个特点：具体来说，这类试题有以下几个特点：1.长度：长度：阅读文章长度约阅读文章长度约200250词。词。2.难度：难度：较高考阅读文章或教材阅读文章较高考阅读文章或教材阅读文章更容易，一般没有生词。更容易，一般没有生词。3.主题：主题：与学生的学习或生活密切相关，与学生的学习或生活密切相关，为所有考生所熟悉。为所有考生所熟悉。4.内容：内容：写作内容要点明确，所有考生都写作内容要点明确，所有考生都有话可写。但表达方式及例证随考生而定，有话可写。但表达方式及例证随考生而定，开放的程度较大。开放的程度较大。5.概括：概括：可以是用约可以是用约30词概括全文，也可词概括全文，也可以是概括其中的某个小段落、某个人物或某以是概括其中的某个小段落、某个人物或某个方面。个方面。6.类型：类型：一般包括三种，议论文，记叙文，一般包括三种，议论文，记叙文，说明文。说明文。概括的解题步骤概括的解题步骤(1)审题，明确题目要求：审题，明确题目要求：通过审题明确文章通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称题。其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作。进行写作。(2)阅读，抓住内容要点：阅读，抓住内容要点：阅读短文，确定问阅读短文，确定问题，并找出文章的内容要点。题，并找出文章的内容要点。议论文的内容要点是：议论文的内容要点是：论点、论据和结论。论点、论据和结论。记叙文的内容要点是：记叙文的内容要点是：时间时间(when)，地点，地点(where)，什么人，什么人(who)，做了什么事，做了什么事(what)，结果怎么样，结果怎么样(how)，这是记叙文的五要素。这是记叙文的五要素。说明文和新闻报道：通常会有说明文和新闻报道：通常会有中心句中心句（多在（多在首段），要找出首段），要找出“现象现象”“原因原因”“解决方解决方法法”议论文通常包括议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论论点、论据和结论,因此写议论文的概要主要是找出因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句支撑句(supporting sentences)和和结论句结论句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准其中最主要的是找准主题句主题句。概要模板：论点概要模板：论点+论据论据(+结论结论)议论文可用以下开头：议论文可用以下开头：1.The passage/author argues that because 2.The passage/author discuss the importance of解题过程解题过程第一步，根据第一步，根据文体文体,找出要点。略读短文找出要点。略读短文,本文是典型的本文是典型的议论文议论文,第一段为第一段为议点议点,第二、第二、三自然段为三自然段为论据论据,最后一段为最后一段为结论结论,首尾呼首尾呼应。应。论点、论据和结论分别为：论点、论据和结论分别为：典型例题典型例题（2011 珠海一模）阅读下面短文，然后以珠海一模）阅读下面短文，然后以约约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。内容见学案内容见学案阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇词150左右的英语短文。GettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimesManyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgotupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholedaySo,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousallInfact,morningisthebesttimeofadayInthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditionsManyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthanatanyothertimeofthedayIfwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthierAlsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearlyHowever,ifwegetuplate,wellprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurryLetusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepitIfwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit【写作内容】1以约30个词概括短文的要点：2然后以约120个词就“早起还是晚起好”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括以下要点：（1）你是喜欢早起还是晚起；（2）结合自己学习或生活的例子，说明你喜欢这样做的理由：（3）你的父母或教师有何建议：（4）你如何看待他们的建议。【写作要求】1可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子：2标题自定。【评分标准】概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。论论点点Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit论论据据(1)we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning(2)build our bodies and become much healthier(3)have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day结结论论getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it第二步第二步,用自己的话将其表达出来。参考用自己的话将其表达出来。参考范文为：范文为：(范文范文1)The passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.It enables us to have a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.(范文范文2)The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot,including a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.串联要素法串联要素法 写作方法写作方法串联要素法串联要素法 记叙文的概要记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的一般包括记叙文的六个六个要素要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六找出这六个要素个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。一两句话即可。某人何时何地因何原因或处于何种目的做某人何时何地因何原因或处于何种目的做了何事，以及该故事给人有什么启示。了何事，以及该故事给人有什么启示。当然当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素素,但但“某人做了某事某人做了某事,结果如何结果如何”是应当是应当包括的。包括的。因此因此,要写好概要要写好概要,须找到以下两须找到以下两个问题的答案：个问题的答案：(1)(1)谁做了什么？谁做了什么？(who did what)(who did what)(2)(2)结果如何？结果如何？(what was the result)(what was the result)如果是如果是夹叙夹议夹叙夹议的文章的文章,还要加上这个故事还要加上这个故事给人们的给人们的启示或教育启示或教育。记叙文可用以下开头：记叙文可用以下开头：1.The passage/author is mainly about2.According to the passage,we know例例(2011年广州一模年广州一模)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇然后按要求写一篇150词左词左右的英语短文。右的英语短文。内容见学案内容见学案写作内容写作内容1.以约以约30个词概括这篇个词概括这篇演讲稿演讲稿的主要内容；的主要内容；2.然后以约然后以约120个词个词写一篇读后感写一篇读后感,说明说明“诚信的重要性诚信的重要性”。Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen.ThisisLiHuafromSeniorThree.ImheretodaytosharewithyouagoodlessonfromanoverseasChinesestudentlivinginGermany.Itisatruestory.Afteryearsofhardwork,thisChinesestudentgradua-tedwithamazingacademicachievements.Everyonethoughthewasgoingtogetagoodjobeasilyandhaveabrightfuture.Buttohisdisappointment,hewasnotevenallowedthechanceforaninterview!Thethirdtimehewasturneddown,hecouldnthelptelephoningthecompanytoaskwhytheydidntwanthim.Theanswerwassimple,“WedonthiredishonestpeopleinGermany.”Whatwaswrongyoumightwonder?Thetruthis,shortlyafterhearrivedinGermany,thiscleverstudentfoundthatitwaseasytoskipbuyingsubwaytickets.So,tosavemoney,heoftenwentwithoutaticket.Asaresult,hehadbeencaughtwithoutaticketinthesubwaythreetimes.Fromthisstory,welearnthatwemaygetshort-termbenefitsbydishonestmeans,butthetruthwillcomeoutsoonerorlaterandthecostishigh.Soremember:honestyisthebestpolicy.Thatsallformyspeech.Thankyou!写作内容1以约30词概括上文的主要内容；2以约120词写一篇读后感，说明“诚信的重要性”，内容包括：(1)你读后的感受；(2)以你或他人的经历说明诚信的重要性；(3)谈谈你从中悟出的道理。写作要求1作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。解题过程解题过程 第一步第一步,根据根据写作内容写作内容2,快速获取大快速获取大意。意。写作内容写作内容2说明说明“诚信的重要性诚信的重要性”，扫读原文可以发现该文章是扫读原文可以发现该文章是夹叙夹议的记夹叙夹议的记叙文叙文,那么我们可以形成概要框架那么我们可以形成概要框架:作者讲作者讲述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。述了一个故事来说明诚信的重要性。这样这样,就有了方向和思路了。就有了方向和思路了。第二步：阅读材料第二步：阅读材料,回答以下三个问题。回答以下三个问题。(1)谁做了什么？谁做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student.The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.(2)结果如何？结果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview.(3)说明了什么？说明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文如下：范文范文1：Today I read an instructive speech,in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldnt find a job because of dishonesty.范文范文2：The writer tells a story about a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldnt find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets,which shows honesty is the best policy.我们根据说明文的不同类型我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出分别给出三种参考模板：三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象+性性质功用质功用+利好利好”：(In the passage)the writer introduces.(对象对象)to us,especially its.(性质或功用性质或功用),from which we know.(对象带来的利好对象带来的利好).2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”：The passage tells us.(问题问题),including.(方法方法1),.(方法方法2)and.(方方法法3).3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”：(The author/writer said/talks about).(现现象象)of.,because/but.(原因原因/本质本质1),and.(原因原因/本质本质2).在高考读写任务中在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。现象的说明文。阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,然后以约然后以约30个词概括这段短文的个词概括这段短文的内容。内容。Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives.Without eyes,we seem to be able to do nothing.But,what can we do to take care of eyes?Firstly,we should eat healthy foods.Secondly,dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles.Thirdly,having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.Besides those notices,you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives.Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes,therefore,when going out,especially in summer time,put on a pair of qualified sunglasses.Stay away from smoking.Some ingredients组成部分组成部分;(烹调烹调的的)原料原料in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌致癌的的).Last but not least,take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化退化).Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations(刺激刺激)and ensure longevity（长命（长命,长寿）长寿）at ease（安心（安心;自在自在;不拘束）不拘束）.解题过程解题过程 本文在指出本文在指出眼睛重要眼睛重要后后,紧接着提出问题紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛为保护眼睛,我们可以我们可以做些什么做些什么呢呢”,然后然后分三分三点点说明应该做些什么。因此说明应该做些什么。因此,我们可以套用我们可以套用“问问题题+解决方法解决方法”模式：模式：Our eyes are important for us,so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes,including eating healthy food,giving them enough time to rest,knowing some threats,and taking frequent eye examinations.练习参考答案 （对象+性质功能+利好）The passage introduce the idea of a balloon robot,especially it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet.Homework.完成英语周报第22期试卷第三部分写作第二节读写任务的概括部分。2.摘要后摘要后过渡语过渡语:在写完摘要之后在写完摘要之后,要有过要有过渡词或过渡句渡词或过渡句,才使上下文自然衔接才使上下文自然衔接记叙文的过渡语记叙文的过渡语(引出类似的经历引出类似的经历)This story reminds me of another story that happened toThis story reminds me of a similar experience ofI also went through such an experience.I have a similar experience.have/has a similar experience as.如何提高作文档次如何提高作文档次(1)表达精练简洁表达精练简洁:表达不要罗嗦表达不要罗嗦,若能用若能用非非谓语动词谓语动词做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状语从句状语从句.(2)避免低级错误避免低级错误:避免避免语法和拼写语法和拼写的低级错的低级错误误,避免被扣印象分避免被扣印象分.(3)保证赏心悦目保证赏心悦目:注重字体的美化注重字体的美化,保持保持卷卷面整洁面整洁,提高印象分提高印象分.(4)句子句子错落有致错落有致:根据表达需要根据表达需要,交叉使用交叉使用长句与短句长句与短句,简单句与复合句简单句与复合句.(5)句式句式多种多样多种多样:多样化句式多样化句式,方能显示较方能显示较强的语言功底强的语言功底,大大提高作文档次大大提高作文档次.多样化句式多样化句式(1)用用it is/was that强调句强调句式式.(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装完全倒装句或用句或用以以only in this way 等开头的等开头的部分倒装部分倒装句句.(3)用用with的复合结构的复合结构(with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补)作状语作状语.(4)用用非谓语动词非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构简化状语从句或并列结构.(5)用用what引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句.(6)用用独立主格独立主格结构结构.(7)恰当运用恰当运用感叹句感叹句,被动句被动句等等.(8)适当使用适当使用插入语插入语,如如to be honest,I guess,I think,personally等等.(9)尽量用尽量用短语短语代替单词来表达同样的意思代替单词来表达同样的意思.(10)恰当使用关联词语恰当使用关联词语,除使用复合句的连词外除使用复合句的连词外,写作中经常用到的写作中经常用到的关联词关联词:举例举例:for example;for instance,such as等等列举列举:for one thingand for another 一一 来来,二来二来等等.转折转折:however(然而然而),but(但是但是),after all(毕竟毕竟)等等.总结总结:in a word(总之总之),in brief(总之总之),in conclusion(最后最后)等等.因果因果:thanks to,as a result(of),due to,therefore,so等等.强调强调:indeed(确实确实),certainly(一定一定),above all(尤其尤其)等等.对比对比:in the same way(同样地同样地),just as(正如正如),compared with(与与相比相比),on the one handand on the other hand 一方面一方面,另一方面另一方面.等等.递进递进:then(然后然后),besides(此外此外,还有还有),whats more(而且而且)等等.备考策略备考策略:1.打好打好词汇语法词汇语法基础基础2.阅读注意阅读注意概括要点概括要点3.关注关注社会现象和社会热点社会现象和社会热点,学会用英语表学会用英语表达想法达想法4.每天一篇作文训练每天一篇作文训练(25分钟分钟)5.积累积累“万能万能”句型句型,写作常用到的正确句写作常用到的正确句型型.6.建立词句建立词句“错题集错题集”7.保证卷面整洁美观保证卷面整洁美观丰富的句式：丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构）常用到的句型结构）利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。能增加文章的文采。e.g.What a kind boyheis!How disappointedhewas!感叹句感叹句强调句强调句e.g.It was this young boy that helped the old granny.I do hope you can come if possible.e.g.Only in this way can yousolvethisproblem.There comes the police car.Hardly hadtheygottothestationwhen theymettheyoungman.e.g.They read while walking or riding on a bus.Come to me if necessary.e.g.I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.倒装句倒装句省略句省略句with短语短语e.g.Inmyopinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewhere we canfind much useful information.Letscometothemainteaching building,at the back of which stands the school library.定语从句定语从句e.g.Thats what I should do.We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.各种名词性从句各种名词性从句e.g.Timepassedquicklybefore we knew it.The moment we reached the farm,wegotdowntoharvesting.So long as we work harder at our lessons,wellcatchupsoonerorlater.各种状语从句各种状语从句1.To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）（使用名词性从句）2.Though Im weak,Ill make the effort.(使用倒装句使用倒装句)What surprises him is thatthe little girl knows so many things.Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.3.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型使用强调句型)4.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）用虚拟语气）Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇 It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.5.She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(使用过去分词使用过去分词)6.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(使用使用V-ing形式形式)Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing,they went back to school.7.Iwontbelievewhathesays.（nomatterwhat状语从句）8.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillmakerapidprogress.（祈使句+and）No matter what he says,I wont believe.Study hard and youll make rapid progress.9 He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.(使使用用倒倒装装句句)10.We all think he is a great man.(think highly of)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.We all think highly of him.11.As a result the plan was a failure.(turn out)12.When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.(the morethe more)The plan turned out to be a failure.The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.