世茂城住宅小区景观工程成本控制探究,风景园林硕士论文.docx

世茂城住宅小区景观工程成本控制探究,风景园林硕士论文In the modern society with rapid economic development, with the improvement of people s material life, people pay more and more attention to the improvement of their quality of life. In addition to focusing on the environment we live on, there is a residential environment that is closely related to everyone. Therefore, the residential landscape environment is becoming more and more important for consumers to distinguish the good or bad of the residential products, which leads to the attention of the open merchants to beautify the residential environment and improve the living quality of the residents. However, if only the beauty of the landscape and the effect of art, and not effective cost control, the cost of construction will eventually lead to a rise in the cost of construction. This result is no small burden for consumers or developers. At present, at present, the main influencing factors of landscape cost control at home and abroad are studied and the main factors that lead to high cost of residential landscape are explored. After the demonstration of examples, the methods and suggestions to better control the landscape cost are put forward to maximize the profit and achieve the best landscape efficiency with the minimum landscape engineering cost. Fruit. In the actual landscape design and construction, the high input of the landscape is blindly pursued at the present stage, including the blind input of the early design and construction and the later maintenance, in order to achieve the high level of thelandscape quality and the use effect, resulting in the waste of capital, manpower and material resources. But it should be noted that the input of landscape is not directly proportional to the output of landscape. Therefore, the high investment in the process of construction, maintenance and management after the design and design of the project will only result in the high cost landscape of the waste of landscape. At present, the result of controlling landscape cost in China is to seek the construction of low cost landscape, its essence is low cost and high benefit, that is, rational resource investment, and strive to pursue greater benefits with less cost, including the functional, artistic, ecological, economic and social benefit realization of landscape effect. Therefore, the construction of low cost and high benefit landscape is a sustainable development road which needs to be explored and developed in the future. In the study, the theory and practice of improving the low cost landscape constantly is a kind of thinking of people on the ecological environment problem inthe great wave of social and economic development. This paper combines the technology of landscape cost control in Chengdu Shimao city and the method of target cost, responsibility cost and activity-basedcosting. The following main conclusions are drawn as follows: to improve the value of residential landscape, that is to make the residential area more functional, more aesthetic, and more beneficial to the ecological aspects. It is necessary to make a series of practice summing up and form a series of method system of landscape cost control. At the design stage, bidding stage, construction stage and maintenance stage, the following conclusions are drawn. (1) The factors that affect the cost of landscape mainly include: spatial layout in design, selection of material varieties, design proportion of soft scenery and hard scenery. (2) Through the comparison of manual fee, material fee and mechanical fee, the main reasons that affect the comprehensive unit price of landscape cost areobtained, and it is used in the practice of engineering control cost in the future. (3) Because the cost of hard scenery is much higher than the cost of soft scenery, it is the most important factor for the cost control to increase the design ratio of the soft scenery and reduce the design ratio of the hard scene. (4) Because of the difference in the site, especially in the plant configuration, the soft scene is based on the concept of different plant specifications and different prices, comparing the differences between prices, and taking corresponding control measures. Make the cost minimum and achieve the best effect. Therefore, if we want to maximize the control of landscape costs, we need to strictly control the target cost of the landscape in the design stage of the project. Keywords: Landscape engineering；cost control；project cost; residential landscape. 第1章、绪论。 1.1、研究背景。 自21世纪以来，我们国家经济、社会水平不断地提高，人们的生活水平也在不断提升，相应地对于环境品质的追求也是越来越强烈。如今随着园林绿化景观工程行业日益蓬勃发展，也包括住宅类景观工程，随着各种各类的园林绿化相关企业的数量剧增，施工单位、设计单位还是地产开发商之间的竞争愈演愈烈。 而随着住宅景观市场程度的不断发展，伴随着市场中出现的恶性竞争现象频发，竞标价格的存心故意压低了住宅景观建筑施工企业生存和发展环境，在这种情况下，迫使施工企业必须把景观工程项目成本管理提高到一个更高层次的管理层面。然而，现前阶段我们国家大多数的景观工程施工项目在成本管理控制方面采取的还是那样是粗放式管理形式，景观成本管理效果也非常差，成本控制的结果也不理想。景观工程项目成本管理在整个景观工程运行经过中得不到较高的重视度，在景观工程成本管理经过中大部分的企业以及工程项目部景观成本预测能力比拟差，并且预测景观成本和实际景观成本存在较大的偏差，导致景观工程实际利润值大打折扣甚至出现亏损。而且大多数住宅园林绿化施工企业项目成本管理方式落后，导致景观园林施工实际成本远高于目的成本。 以上所列情况，对住宅景观工程企业的成本管理水平和住宅景观成本经济效益的提高造成了严重阻碍作用，削弱了住宅景观开发商企业的市场竞争力，制约了住宅景观园林企业的发展。住宅景观工程项目成本控制不仅关联到景观住宅景观园林企业的直接经济效益，而且还关系着整个社会中人力、物力以及财务资源等与住宅景观园林企业有密切关系的管理内容。 1.2、研究目的与意义。 1.2.1、研究目的。 本文通过对成都市世茂城住宅景观工程造价管理的实际情况，以及当前住宅景观造价管理中存在的问题，对于现前阶段住宅景观工程市场中存在高投入低产出，以及住宅景观成本控制不优化等现在状况进行了具体分析，总结当前住宅景观成本控制的普遍性问题，讨论应采取何种优化住宅景观成本控制的方式方法，同时提升住宅园林景观工程的合理性价比。本文以低成本投入和高质量景观两者之间的平衡点作为管理住宅景观成本的主要思路，以归纳出更具针对性和实用性的低成本住宅景观造价管理控制的理论体系，为更好地改良当前住宅景观工程成本控制管理现在状况中出现的不妥之处，为新施行的住宅园林景观工程成本控制研究提供积极指引，改变景观工程成本控制的管理现在状况。 终极目的是低成本投入，比照高成本景观投入，期望获得一样的景观效果，彰显一样的景观生态、景观美学、景观经济等功能。 本论文的研究目的是最终实现执行集约、节约，避免造成社会资源浪费或者过度消耗，高消耗的园林景观不仅浪费资源，而且不一定能够做到很好的景观质感。既造成不必要的浪费，又没有预期的效果，而作为追求利益最大化的开放商而言，在景观功能与景观成本之间权衡定夺，总结得出提升景观价值的基本途径，并通过一系列的景观设计和成本管理上的技巧，探求更好地实现低成本化的住宅景观，并到达最佳的景观效果的方式方法。 1.2.2、研究意义。 本文将通过景观工程项目成本管理在某小区景观工程项目上的成本管理理论应用研究，向人们展示了切实可行的景观成本控制管理方式方法，一次来论证一些先进的成本控制理论对住宅景观成本控制管理水平的效用。并指出当前住宅景观成本控制存在的问题，明确产生问题的原因，实现更好解决问题的办法，并且有助于提高住宅景观成本控制的管理水平，具有重要的理论及实践意义。 笔者写本文的意义是由于在住宅景观工程项目中，投入高成本的住宅景观设计非常普遍。固然投入的资金成本非常大，但是所呈现的住宅景观效果却差强人意。在新的世纪，人民经济观念随着经济水平的提高而发生转变，开场以为盲目地通过增加住宅景观成本来打造舒适且具有美感的景观效果的做法已经跟不上时代的脚步，非常不可取了。所以在现前阶段人民思想观念改变的情况下，开发商也在开场寻求能够用最低的成本，打造出同样甚至更好的住宅景观效果，这也就凸显出住宅景观成本控制的重要性。低成本景观，并不意味低效益，而是要在保证景观效果的前提下进行的有效的成本控制，即追求开发占比不大，而追求最大限度地提升景观品质。本文研究的主要意义在于探求住宅景观效果的实现与住宅景观成本控制之间平衡的管理办法，并且构成一套体系能够运用于住宅景观实践项目中。在设计阶段就考虑到目的成本，在住宅景观招投标和住宅景观施工阶段进行成本的控制，以及最后在养护阶段，做到节约住宅景观成本，实现住宅景观项目全流程的成本控制，最终实现住宅景观效果最优化的景观成本控制目的。