商标反向混淆问题的解决策略研究,法学硕士论文.docx
商标反向混淆问题的解决策略研究,法学硕士论文本篇论文目录导航:【第1部分】商标反向混淆问题的解决策略研究【第2部分】【第3部分】【第4部分】【第5部分】【第6部分】【第7部分】摘要商标反向混淆理论起源并发展于美国司法判例,与传统的正向混淆在权利人的损害赔偿认定、侵权人的主观意图、消费者混淆方向等方面存在众多差异,故侵权人的民事责任承当与正向混淆也理应有别,不能简单地完全套用正向混淆的解决机制来处理反向混淆案件。反向混淆的解决既要保卫好商标权利人利益,又要维护消费者权益,同时也要兼顾效率与公平。本文从美国司法判例入手,先认识商标反向混淆,再认定反向混淆侵权的成立要件和责任承当,最后对症下药,探究反向混淆相应解决机制。本文第一部分阐述商标反向混淆的理论溯源,包括反向混淆的发展历程和禁止反向混淆的法理基础两部分。反向混淆经历了不被接受-开场关注-逐步认可的发展历程,这个历程通过标志性的司法判例野马Mustang商标案、大脚BigFoot商标案和BeeWear商标案来展现。禁止反向混淆的法理基础,包括公平和效率两个方面。认识反向混淆是什么后,本文第二部分就着重讨论什么样的情形构成反向混淆侵权、反向混淆成立后应承当什么样的责任,为下文相对应的解决机制的讨论作好铺垫。本文第三部分从反不正当竞争法的角度来解决商标反向混淆。商标混淆本质上属于不正当竞争行为,美国早期的商标纠纷案件,一般都通过反不正当竞争法的原理解决。但反不正当竞争法要求行为人必须具有侵权的主观过错,而反向混淆中原告往往很难证明侵权者过错,此时反不正当竞争法的弊端就显露无遗。本文第四部分从商标法的角度解决反向混淆问题。商标侵权行为的认定上,商标法不要求侵权人具备主观过错,通过商标法解决反向混淆具有充分的理论和法律根据。在解决形式的选择上,法院的个案判决应兼顾公平与效率;引进商标双重使用和商标共存协议具有可行性,但应防止损害公共利益;借鉴民法添附制度更突出了效率价值。本文第五部分介绍我们国家商标反向混淆的解决现在状况及完善建议。我们国家商标法对反向混淆没有明确规定,也没有否认其侵权本质,司法实践对反向混淆案件的解决进行了有益探寻求索。商标法关于反向混淆的侵权认定、责任承当仍需明确,司法实践可以引进权利通约理论,促成当事人交换协议的达成。本文关键词语:商标,反向混淆,解决机制,商标共存,添附。AbstractTrademarkreverseconfusiontheoryoftheoriginsanddevelopsofthejurisprudenceintheUnitedStates,withthetraditionalforwardconfusepeople,therearemanydifferencesintherightsrecognizeddamages,theinfringerssubjectiveintent,directionandotheraspectsofconsumerconfusion,theinfringerscivilliabilitythereshouldalsobeconfusedwithanotherforward,sowecantsimplybeappliedentirelypositiveresolutionmechanismtodealwithreverseconfusioncase.Thesolutionofthereverseconfusionshouldnotonlyprotectthetrademarkholderofinterests,butalsosafeguardtheinterestsofconsumers,whilealsotakeintoaccounttheefficiencyandfairness.ThisarticlefromtheAmericanjurisprudencetostart,firstlygettoknowthetrademarkreverseconfusion,andthenfindsthereverseconfusioninfringementestablishedrequirementsandresponsibilities,andfinallyrighttoexplorethereverseconfusioncorrespondingsettlementmechanism.Thefirstpartofthisarticlediscussesthetheoryofreverseconfusiontrademarktraceability,includingreverseconfusionofthedevelopmentprocessandthelegalbasistoprohibitreverseconfusion.Reverseconfusionexperiencedthedevelopmentprocessofnottobeaccepted-startedtobepaidattention-graduallytoberecognized,thisjourneythroughiconicjurisprudenceMustangMustangtrademarkcase,BigfootBigFoottrademarkcaseandBeeWeartrademarkcasetoshowoff.Thelegalbasistoprohibitreverseconfusionincludesbothequityandefficiency.Knowingwhatthereverseconfusionis,thesecondpartofthispaperfocusesonwhichsolutionconstitutesareverseconfusioninfringementcase,andthenwhatkindofresponsibilitythereverseconfusionshouldbear,asdiscussedbelow,thecorrespondingresolutionmechanismstopavetheway.ThethirdpartfromtheperspectiveoftheAnti-UnfairCompetitionLawtoresolvetrademarkreverseconfusion.Trademarksbelongtoconfusethenatureofunfaircompetition,theUnitedStatesearliertrademarkdisputes,usuallybyanti-unfaircompetitionlawprinciplestosolve.However,theUnfairCompetitionLawrequiresthattheperpetratormusthavesubjectivefaultinfringement,whilethedemandantisoftendifficulttoproveconfusinginfringersfault,thentheAnti-UnfairCompetitionLawsdrawbackswererevealed.ThefourthpartofthisarticlesolvetheproblemfromtheperspectiveofTrademarkLaw.TheTrademarkLawdoesnotrequiretheinfringersubjectivefaulttoidentifythetrademarkinfringement,therearesufficienttheoreticalandlegalbasistoresolvereverseconfusionthroughtheTrademarkLaw.Inselectingsolvingmodelbasedonthejudgmentofthecourtcasesshouldbebothfairandefficient;theintroductionofdual-usetrademarkandtrademarkcoexistenceagreementisfeasible,butshouldpreventagainstthepublicinterest;learningmoreprominentcivillawaccretionhighlightstheefficiencyvalue.ThefifthsectionofthisarticledescribesthecurrentsituationofChinastrademarkreverseresolveconfusionandsuggestionsforimprovement.Ourtrademarklawdoesnotspecifyonthereverseconfusion,alsonotdenyitsinfringingnature,thejudicialpracticeofthereverseconfusioncasesolvedmakesalotofusefulexploration.TheInfringementandresponsibilityofthereverseconfusionshouldbemadeclearbyTrademarkLaw,theExchangeEntitlementThesisshouldbeintroducedbyjudicialpracticetocontributetothepartiesexchangeagreementbeingreached.KeyWords:Trademark,ReverseConfusion,SettlementMechanism,CoexistenceofTrademark,Accessio目录引言11商标反向混淆理论溯源31.1商标反向混淆理论的发展脉络31.1.1反向混淆开场走进司法视野-野马Mustang商标案31.1.2商标反向混淆的司法确立-大脚BigFoot商标案41.1.3禁止反向混淆的目的-BeeWear商标案51.1.4商标反向混淆的基本特征51.2禁止商标反向混淆的法理基础61.2.1基于公平角度之一:反向混淆损害在先商标权利人利益61.2.2基于公平角度之二:误导消费者61.2.3禁止反向混淆的效率考量72商标反向混淆的认定92.1反向混淆的侵权认定92.1.1原告商标具有可保卫性92.1.2消费者出现认知混淆92.1.3在后商标使用人的市场地位优于在先商标权利人112.2反向混淆的责任认定122.2.1禁令122.2.2损害赔偿133反向混淆的反不正当竞争法解决163.1适用反不正当竞争法的根据163.1.1理论根据163.1.2法律根据163.2适用反不正当竞争法的缺乏174反向混淆的商标法解决194.1适用商标法的根据194.1.1理论根据194.1.2法律根据204.2解决反向混淆的形式选择204.2.1法院根据个案判决204.2.2商标共存224.2.3借鉴民法添附制度275我们国家商标反向混淆的解决现在状况及机制完善315.1我们国家反向混淆的解决现在状况315.1.1立法解决现在状况315.1.2司法解决现在状况325.2我们国家反向混淆解决机制的完善345.2.1明确商标反向混淆的侵权认定345.2.2明确反向混淆的民事责任承当355.2.3司法实践中引进权利通约理论356结束语38以下为参考文献39致谢43