大学英语教程3(南方版)读写译-UNIT-5Pioneers课件.ppt

UNIT FIVE PioneersPart I LANGUAGE SKILLPART II LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTPART III TOWARD PRODUCTIVE LANGUAGE若出现禁用“宏”和“ActiveX”对话框，请选择“启用”UNIT FIVEKEY WORDS MADE EASYKEY EXPRESSIONS IN USEPart I LANGUAGE SKILLBACK UNIT FIVEKEY WORDS MADE EASY Read aloud the following sentences and figure out what each italicized word means.The Clue in the parentheses will help.1.The pioneers demonstrated an indomitable will in their successful conquering of the west.(unconquerable)2.Still under the impact of the terrible accident,the migrant workers(季节性打工者，民工)had no appetite for dinner.(desire)3.Having walked in the desert for the whole morning,the settlers craved for a drink.(long for)4.We cant help laughing at the childrens naive remarks on a heroic and romantic life for the cowboys.(innocent,childish)5.Each westward step of the pioneer was accomplished not only by self-reliance,but also by the efforts of an active Federal government.(achieve)BACK UNIT FIVEKEY WORDS MADE EASYA Read aloud the following sentences and figure out what each italicized word means.The clue in the parentheses will help.6.Although she was known as a tough lady in the westward movement,she was unusually mild and kind with her children.(strong,determined)7.Though the author claimed that the tramps resembled pioneers,many would still find the idea disagreeable.(were similar to)8.It pained the Indians to see the age-old trees felled to make log cabins for the settlers.(cut down)9.They decided to reckon with the traitors after they drove the enemy off.(deal with)10.In the early years of Westward movement,it was not unusual for settlers to perish of hunger and disease.(die)BACK UNIT FIVEB Read aloud each of the following sentences.See how these expressions are used.1.Jack had expected to make good in the big city,but unfortunately he couldnt even find a job there.2.Although the invaders were drawing close,Melanie had to stay put because she was expecting a baby.3.The financial crisis was so abrupt that many millionaires went broke overnight.4.Nobody in the class had expected that the shy and quiet John would amount to much.5.Being afraid of imprisonment,the homeless were on the run from the police.6.Idle all day long,Henry achieved next to nothing after studying abroad for one year.KEY EXPRESSIONS IN USEBACK UNIT FIVEPART II LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTREADING SELECTION:TEXT ASTUDY AND PRACTICEBACK UNIT FIVEPreview QuestionsWork in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1.Have you ever seen tramps?Where are they usually found?2.Why do you suppose that the tramps choose such a way of life?Do you have any evidence or personal experience to support your view?3.Have you read anything or seen any film about pioneers?Describe the image of a pioneer in your mind.4.In what ways can tramps be compared with pioneers?BACK READING SELECTION:TEXT ALead-in QuestionsWhydoyousupposethatthetrampschoosesuchawayoflife?Doyouhaveanyevidenceorpersonalexperiencetosupportyourview?Tips:to live a free lifeto see the worldto seek ones fortuneto start a new life where they are not knownto escape from the harsh environment of their hometownto pursue an ideal or interest in an appropriate placeto find a possible cure for a complex diseaseHaveyoureadanythingorseenanyfilmaboutpioneers?Describetheimageofapioneerinyourmind.Tips:courageoushardworkingpersistent idealisticunconventionalgeniusLead-in QuestionsBackground InformationAbout the Author Eric Hoffer(1902-1983):EricHofferwasan American longshoreman and socialphilosopher,the author of nine booksandwinnerofthePresidentialMedalofFreedom.His first book,The True Believer,publishedin1951,waswidelyrecognizedasaclassic.Atageseven,and for unknown reasons,Hoffer wentblind.Hiseyesightinexplicablyreturnedwhenhewasfifteen.Fearinghewouldagain go blind,he seized upon theopportunitytoreadasmuchashecouldforaslongashecould.CowboysCowboyisahiredhandwhoherdsandcaresforcattleandhorsesthatbelongtoaranchowner.Thecowboyusuallydoesthisjobonhorseback.IntheUnitedStates,cowboyswonfameintheWestduringaperiodthatlastedfromabout1865toabout1885.Duringthattime,cowboystendedgreatherdsofcattleonvaststretchesofunfencedlandcalledtheopenrange.TheyalsotookcattleonlongtraildrivestorailwaystationsforshipmenttoEasternmarkets.Butby1890,ranchersoftheWestneededfarfewercowboys.Theuseoffencesandthespreadoffarmshadputanendtotheopenrange,andexpansionoftherailroadshadeliminatedthelongtraildrives.StructurePara 1-4:Theauthordiscoveredafamilylikenessbetweentrampsandpioneers.Para 5-8:Theauthorfurtherexploredhisideabytalkswithold-timersandobservationsoftrampsinaction.Para 9:Theauthordrewtheconclusionthatsuccessfultrampsweretheequalofpioneers.Main IdeaUNIT FIVEBACK READING SELECTION:TEXT APart I.Para.1-4Part I.Para.1-41.Trampsaspioneers?Itseemedabsurd.EverymanandchildinCaliforniaknowsthatthepioneershadbeengiants,menofboundlesscourageandindomitablespirit.However,asIstrodeonacrossthewhitesand,Ikeptmullingtheideaover.2.Whowerethepioneers?Whowerethemenwholefttheirhomesandwentintothewilderness?Amanrarelyleavesasoftspotandgoesdeliberatelyinsearchofhardshipandprivation.Peoplebecomeattachedtotheplacestheylivein;theydriveroots.Achangeofhabitatisapainfulactofuprooting.Amanwhohasmade goodandhasastandinginhiscommunitystays put.Thesuccessfulbusinessmen,farmers,andworkersusuallystayedwheretheywere.Whothenleftforthewildernessandtheunknown?Obviouslythosewhohadnotmadegood:menwhowent brokeorneveramounted to much;2.menwho,thoughpossessedofabilities,weretooimpulsivetostandthe daily grind;menwhowereslavesoftheirappetites-drunkards,gamblers,andwoman-chasers,outcasts-fugitivesfromjusticeandex-jailbirds.Therewasnodoubtsomewhowereinsearchofhealth-mensufferingwithTB,asthma,hearttrouble.Finallytherewasasprinklingofyoungandmiddle-agedinsearchofadventure.3.Allthesepeoplecravedchange,someprobablyactuatedbythenaivebeliefthatachangeinplacebringswithitachangeinluck.Manywantedtogotoaplacewheretheywerenotknownandtheremakeanewbeginning.Certainlytheydidnotgooutdeliberatelyinsearchofhardworkandsuffering.Ifintheendtheyshoulderedenormoustasks,enduredunspeakablehardships,andaccomplishedtheimpossible,itwasbecausetheyhadto.3.Theybecamemenofactionon the run.Theyacquiredstrengthandskillintheinescapablestruggleforexistence.Itwasaquestionofdoordie.Andoncetheytastedthejoyofachievement,theycravedformore.4.Somehow,thisdiscoveryofafamilylikenessbetweentrampsandpioneerstookafirmholdonmymind.Foryearsafterwarditkeptintertwiningitselfwithamassofobservationswhichonthefaceofthemhadnorelationtoeithertrampsorpioneers.Anditmovedmetospeculateonsubjectsinwhich,uptothen,Ihadnorealinterest,andofwhichIknewverylittle.QuestionsQuestionsAccording to the writer,who would leave for the wilderness and the unknown?Why did those people crave so much for change?1.mull(the idea)over(L.5-6):think about(the idea),ponder over(it)仔细考虑Language PointsLanguage PointsHe would mull over the chances of success before taking any action.采取行动之前他会仔细考虑成功的可能性。e.g.2.A man who has made good and has a standing in his community stays put.(L.1819)Meaning:Amanwhohasbeensuccessfulandwell-establishedinhiscommunitystayswheretheyare.译文：译文：一个事业有成颇有地位的人就会安土重迁。一个事业有成颇有地位的人就会安土重迁。3.Who then left for the wilderness and the unknown?(L.21-22)Meaning:Whothenwenttothewilduncultivatedlandandfacedtheuncertainfuture?译文：译文：那么，到底是些什么人会奔向旷野和未知的前程呢？4.men who,though possessed of abilities,were too impulsive to stand the daily grind;(L.24-26)Meaning:thosemenhadabilitiesbutlackedreflectionorpatiencetoendurethelongandtiresomeroutinework;译文：译文：那些尽管有能力却天性冲动、无法忍受日常的单调工作的人；p.s.possess:占有,拥有,持有,摆布,支配c.f.possess of 占有,拥有be possessed of 拥有,占有,具有,享有be possessed by with 被(鬼怪、思想等)缠住,迷住be exclusively possessed by 在.把持下possess oneself of 取得,获得,把.占为已有possess sb.of sth.使某人有拥有某物;使某人熟悉某事5.All these people craved change,some probably actuated by the naive belief that a change in place brings with a change in luck.(L.31-32)译文：译文：所有这些人都渴望变化，有些人可能是受换地方就可以换运气的所有这些人都渴望变化，有些人可能是受换地方就可以换运气的天真想法所驱使。天真想法所驱使。Meaning:Thesepeoplelongforchange,theyweremotivatedbytheidealisticbeliefthatachangeinplacebringsnaturallyachangeinluck.p.s.naive:suggests the simplicity of nature;it sometimes connotes a credulity that impedes effective functioning in a practical world:意在表示本性的单纯；有时它有轻信的意思，在现实生活中有时阻碍有效的工作c.f.innocent:1)Not experienced or worldly;naive.没有经验或不谙世事；单纯的;2)Betraying or suggesting no deception or guile;artless.显出诚实无欺的；天真的;3)Not exposed to or familiar with something specified;ignorant对某些特定的事物毫无了解的；无知的7.intertwine with:(L.52)be mixed up with,be twisted together with(使)纠缠,(使)缠绕他的手指勾着她的手指。e.g.His fingers intertwined with hers.作家擅长创作与政治和社会事件纠结在一起的爱情故事。e.g.The writer is good at intertwining a love story with political and social events.他用手指勾着她的手指。e.g.He intertwined his fingers with hers.8.And it moved me to speculate on subjects in which,up to then,I had no real interest,and of which I knew very little.(L.56-60)Meaning:ItstartedmetothinkovertheproblemsthatIhadntbeenreallyinterestedinbythattimeandIknewalmostnothingaboutthemeither.译文：译文：这促使我去思考当时我还没有什么真正的兴趣也知之甚少的一些题目。QuestionsQuestionsWhat did the writer know about the first settlers and miners after talking with some old-timers?Why would a tramp be careful in his treatment of those under him even after he was promoted to the position of a foreman?9.They wallowed in luxury,or lived on next to nothing with equal ease.They were the salt of the earth.(L.68-69)译文：译文：他们要么花天酒地，要么衣食无着却同样自他们要么花天酒地，要么衣食无着却同样自在。他们是世上的盐。在。他们是世上的盐。Meaning:Theywereindulgedinsumptuousliving,orlivedonnothing,buttheywereateaseinbothways.Theywereordinarybutgoodandhonest.10.I tried also to evaluate the tramps as potential pioneers by watching them in action.(L.76-77)译文：译文：我也试图通过观察流浪汉干活的样子来评判我也试图通过观察流浪汉干活的样子来评判他们作为开拓者的可能性。他们作为开拓者的可能性。Meaning:Byobservingtheminwork,Ialsotriedmybesttosupposethatthetrampsactaspioneersinsomeways.11.put in:(L.79)v.to spend(time)at a location or job 花时间：在某一场所或工作上花费（时间）犯人已经做了六年的苦工。e.g.She put in eight hours behind a desk.她花了八小时办公。e.g.The prisoner has put in six years at hard labor.12.be elevated to:(L.82)be promoted to 被提升，晋被提升，晋升升He was recently elevated to the post of the sales director.最近他刚被提升为销售部主管。e.g.13.a seamed face smoothed out and the skin showed a healthy hue(L.86)译文：译文：皱巴巴的脸慢慢舒展饱满起来，皮肤也泛出皱巴巴的脸慢慢舒展饱满起来，皮肤也泛出健康的光泽健康的光泽Meaning:awrinkledfacebecameglassyandtheskinshowedahealthycolorPart III.Para.9Part III.Para.99.Inshort,itwasnotdifficulttovisualizethetrampsaspioneers.Ireflectedthatiftheyweretofindthemselvesinasingle-handedlife-and-deathstrugglewithnature,theywouldundoubtedlydisplaypersistence.Forthepressureofresponsibilityandtheheatofbattlesteelacharacter.Theinadaptablewouldperish,andthosewhosurvivedwouldbetheequalofthesuccessfulpioneers.QuestionsQuestionsWhy did the writer visualize tramps as pioneers?What are the similarities between them?16.For the pressure of responsibility and the heat of battle steel a character.(L.106)Language PointsLanguage PointsMeaning:Thetrampfoundithardtoliveafamilylifeperhapsbecauseyearsoflonelylifeintheharshwildernesshadstrengthenedhisheart.译文：译文：因为责任的压力和斗争的热烈能铸就钢铁的个性。Summary of the TextThe writer has been _ over one idea:who were the pioneers?A man who has _ and has a _ in his community would_.Those who had not made good _ change because they thought a change in place would bring a change in luck.He discovered a _ between tramps and pioneers.He talked with some _ to learn about the tramps.He also watched them in action.He found when in a life-death struggle with nature,these people undoubtedly showed _.So,it was not difficult to visualize the tramps as pioneers.mullingmadegoodstandingstayputcravedfamilylikenessold-timerspersistenceWriting Style&MethodsWriting Style:ArgumentationWriting Method:ComparisonArgument:There are really similarities between tramps and pioneers.And early tramps who survived the hardships could be the equal of successful pioneers.Comparison:1.Both tramps and pioneers left their homes and went into the wilderness 2.Both tramps and pioneers craved changes 3.Bothwantedtomakeanewbeginninginanewplace 4.Both were men of actionUNIT SIXBACK STUDY AND PRACTICEExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesVocabularyA.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswiththewordslistedinthebox.Changetheformsofthesewordsifnecessary.accomplishresemble lotintertwinespeculateacquireappetite indomitableundesirablereckoncraveperish1.SomeofthefirstEnglishsettlerstolandintheeastcoastofAmerica_onthepossiblebenefitsofwestwardmovementalmostimmediately.2.SincethedaysofColumbus,Americahasbeenanothernameforopportunity,whereoneseemsableto_anything.3.Becausetheyhadtodependonthemselvesinalife-and-deathstruggle,thetrampsshowed_couragejustasthepioneersdid.speculateaccomplishindomitableaccomplishresemble lotintertwinespeculateacquireappetite indomitableundesirablereckoncraveperish4.Trampsseemtobeagrouppossessedofpeculiartraits-innateor_-whichmakethemadoptaparticularmodeofexistence.5.InaWesternmovie,alegendarypioneerslifeisusually_withloveaffairs.6.Generallyspeaking,ifatramp_,itwasnotbecausehisintelligencewasbelowtheaverage,butbecausehehadacquiredsomeunhealthy_whichultimatelyruinedhim.acquiredintertwinedperishedappetitesaccomplishresemble lotintertwinespeculateacquireappetite indomitableundesirablereckoncraveperish7.Thereceivingshelterrunbythegovernmentoffersfreemealsandonenightslodgingforthetramps,butmanyofthemstillfindtheidea_.8.Itishumannatureto_wealthbeyondreachandneglecthappinessalreadyinhand.undesirablecraveaccomplishresemble lotintertwinespeculateacquireappetite indomitableundesirablereckoncraveperish9.Migrantworkersbecomeanxiousto_withtheirbossesattheendoftheyear.reckon10.In some peoples eyes,migrant workers _ tramps and trouble-makers.11.Duringthedecorationofhernewapartment,Ms.Huangfoundthemigrantworkersacheerfulanddecent_,whichwasquitetohersurprise.resemblelotaccomplishresemble lotintertwinespeculateacquireappetite indomitableundesirablereckoncraveperishB.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagewiththewordsinthebox.Makechangeswherevernecessary.basicharvestsettleaccomplishunknowntoughreachkeyindomitablefrontierVocabularyMoving westward was an adventure into the(1)_.The first few families to move to a new(2)_ usually found themselves in a strange and sometimes harsh world.They had to be(3)_ workers regardless of their original background.They had to survive sickness without doctors and hospitals and disasters without policemen.Because they had to depend upon themselves,the early Westerners became virtually (4)_.unknownfrontiertoughindomitablebasicharvestsettleaccomplishunknowntoughreachkeyindomitablefrontierOnly after a number of families(5)_ a new frontier did the beginnings of organized community life appear.When they needed help,they rarely looked beyond their few neighbors.They were likely to be impatient with the government,which seemed far away and hard to(6)_.Yet in certain(7)_ ways,such as transportation and defense,the western pioneer relied on government more than most Americans.had settledreachkeybasicharvestsettleaccomplishunknowntoughreachkeyindomitablefrontierWhen the early settlers had