美国历史英语简介.pptx

IntroductionThe Discovery of AmericaThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Westward ExpansionThe Great Depression Introduction to British and American Culture第1页/共27页The Discovery of America Columbus In 1492,Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands.Columbus called the local people Indians.Introduction to British and American Culture第2页/共27页Amerigo Vespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为 America）He first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Introduction to British and American Culture第3页/共27页The First Permanent English Colony In 1607Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River.The first English colony was founded at Jamestown,Virginia.Introduction to British and American Culture第4页/共27页The Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuring the first 150 years,the British colonies in North America became a“melting pot”.By the early 1760s,English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.Introduction to British and American Culture第5页/共27页The Birth of the United States The Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists The War of Independence Introduction to British and American Culture第6页/共27页The Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsBackgroundThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar,coffee and textiles(纺织业).They passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act(印花税法).Introduction to British and American Culture第7页/共27页Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 Background In 1773,British government passed a new law-the Tea Act.Slogan “No taxation without representation”Time December 16,1773 Event A group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour(波士顿港）.Introduction to British and American Culture第8页/共27页The War of IndependenceTimeOn October 19,1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender.Consequences George Washington became the first President.The 4th of July became the national holiday of America-the Independence Day.Introduction to British and American Culture第9页/共27页 Complete a Timeline1763:The French and Indian War ended 1773:_1774:The First Continental Congress 1775:_1776:_ 1781:_ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence ended Introduction to British and American Culture第10页/共27页The Declaration of Independence On July 4,1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence,written by Thomas Jefferson（托马斯杰斐逊）of Virginia.(July 4 is celebrated as the nations birthday.)第11页/共27页Westward Expansion “Manifest Destiny”西进运动西进运动 1.The hardship of early pioneer settlers Oregon Trail (俄勒冈小道俄勒冈小道)The trip on foot took four to six months.第12页/共27页California Gold Rush加州淘金者加州淘金者 People traveled to California in the search for quick riches.The number of westwardmigrants multiplied.第13页/共27页The American Civil War南北战争Northern vs.SouthernAbraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American Culture第14页/共27页Northern vs.SouthernThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America.The slave problemDifferent economic interestsThe political conflictMajor issueSlavery Introduction to British and American Culture第15页/共27页Northern vs.SouthernThe Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States(or the Confederacy)Slavery continuedThe Northern StatesFought to maintain the UnionCalled the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British and American Culture第16页/共27页Northern vs.SouthernIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern StatesEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American Culture第17页/共27页Abraham Lincoln March 1861-took the office of the president.April 12,1861-the Civil War began.September 22,1862-issued the Emancipation Proclamationwhich granted freedom to about 4 million slaves.Made a famous speech in Gettysburg.Introduction to British and American Culture第18页/共27页The Civil Waron April 9,1865The Civil War officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the South.Consequence It resolved two fundamental issues:Slavery was completely abolished;America became a single and stronger nation.Introduction to British and American Culture第19页/共27页The Great DepressionIn October 1929,the stock market crashed,marketing the beginning of the Great Depression.During this time,the United States experienced deflation,unemployment soared from 3%in 1929 to 25%in 1933,and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother,depicts destitute pea pickers in California第20页/共27页第21页/共27页Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 罗斯罗斯福新政福新政 Hoovers response to the depression President and Mrs.Roosevelt“First of all,let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless,unreasoning,unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”第22页/共27页 FDR and the Early Phases of the New DealTo bring immediate relief to those who were suffering Public Works AdministrationCivil Works AdministrationTo bring the economy back to prosperityAgricultural Adjustment AdministrationTennessee Valley AuthorityTo put safeguards in place so that the same situation would not occur againFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationSecurities and Exchange Commission The Second New Deal The New Deal did not pull the nation out of the Great Depression However,it did substantially improve the lives of millions of people for both the short term and the long term.The programs of the New Deal would help stabilize the country and bring hope to millions.第23页/共27页US in the Second World WarsAfter World War IIBecame the strongest power in the world Introduction to British and American Culture第24页/共27页 World War IIIsolationism and NeutralityFirst they came for the communists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a communist.Then they came for the trade unionists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a trade unionist.Then they came for the Jews,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a Jew.Then they came for meand there was no one left to speak out for me.Immediate Cause of Americas entrance into WWII -the Japanese raid on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7,1941第25页/共27页 THANK YOU第26页/共27页感谢您的观看！第27页/共27页