美国文学史海明威.pptx
The Iceberg TheoryThe Hemingway Code HeroThe Lost GenerationLecture Keywords第1页/共31页The Lost Generation The Lost Generation refers to,in general,the post-WWI generation,but specifically a group of expatriate(移居国外的)disillusioned intellectuals and artists,who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism(享乐主义).第2页/共31页The Lost Generation Representatives:Francis Scott Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德菲茨杰拉德 Ezra Pound 庞德庞德William Faulkner 福克纳福克纳Ernest Hemingway 海明威海明威Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德舍伍德安德森安德森 John Dos Passos 约翰约翰多斯多斯帕索斯帕索斯Gertrude Stein 格特鲁格特鲁德斯泰因德斯泰因第3页/共31页The Hemingway Code HeroItreferstosomeprotagonistsinHemingwaysworks.Life:fulloftensionandbattlesTheworld:inchaosMan:alwaysfightingdesperatelyalosingbattle.“TheHemingwaycode“:asetofprinciplessuchashonor,courage,endurance,wisdom,disciplineanddignity.第4页/共31页Motto DP:“Exactly what do you mean by guts?”EH:“I mean,grace under pressure.”-Ernest Hemingway (an interview with Dorothy Parker,New Yorker,30 November,1929)第5页/共31页Traits Hedoesnottalkaboutwhathebelievesin.Heexpresseshimselfnotinwords,butinactions.Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.Finally,theywillprevailbecauseoftheir indestructiblespiritandcourage.第6页/共31页The Iceberg Theory“Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.第7页/共31页The Lost Generation Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.Awriterwhoomitsthingsbecausehedoesnotknowthemonlymakeshollowplacesinhiswriting.”第8页/共31页The Iceberg Theory “Find what gave you the emotion;what the action was that gave you the excitement.Then write it down making it clear so the reader will see it too and have the same feeling as you had.”第9页/共31页The Iceberg Theory Definition:1.It is a writing technique employed by Hemingway.He left out essential information of the story in the belief that omission can sometimes strengthen the plot of the novel.2.According to Hemingway,good literary writing should be able to make readers feel the emotion of the characters directly.第10页/共31页The Iceberg Theory 3.Hemingway created a lean,clear prose based on action without any authorial comments,conventionally emotive language,and with a bare minimum of adjectives and adverbs.4.Seemingly simple and natural,Hemingways style is actually polished and tightly controlled,but highly suggestive and connotative.第11页/共31页Writing Styles*Understatementandomission*Repetition*Focusonfacts*Fewadjectivesoradverbs*Simple,short,conventionalwordsandsentences*Concise,vivid*Symbolism第12页/共31页Important WorksThe Sun Also Rises(1926)太阳照常升起A Farewell to Arms(1929)永别了，武器/战地春梦ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)丧钟为谁而鸣/战地钟声TheOldManandtheSea(1952)老人与海第13页/共31页A FAREWELL TO ARMSErnestHemingway第14页/共31页A Farewell to ArmsAuthorPlotsCharactersChapterXLIStyleSymbols第15页/共31页We know he was a writer第16页/共31页On boxing ring,he was the persevering athlete 第17页/共31页In the woods,he was a cool hunter第18页/共31页At the sea,he was a bullheaded fishman第19页/共31页On the battlefield,he is a bravefighter 第20页/共31页In the family,he was also a husband and father第21页/共31页Plot summaryThewoundandthecourtshipTheloveandthepregnancyTheCaptureandtheescapeThelaborandtheend第22页/共31页CharactersFredericHenryCatherineBarkley第23页/共31页Frederic Henryamanofactionwhocoollyexhibitsgraceunderpressurewhileconfrontingdeath.TheHemingwayheroalsoeschewsgloryforamorepersonalcodeofhonor.第24页/共31页Catherine BarkleyCatherineBarkleyisannurse.Shevolunteeredinthewar.SheisEnglish,professionalanddeeplyfeeling.Sheiswiseandcynicalinmanyways.Catherineschiefheroismistoignorethedangersofunprotectedsexandtoacceptthepainanddeathofchildbirthstoically.第25页/共31页Main idea of the last chapter:FredericHenrytakesCatherineBarkleytothehospital,wheresheexperiencesaprotractedandagonizingchildbirth.Firstthebabydies,havingchokedonitsumbilicalcord.Then,asaresultofmultiplehemorrhages,Catherinediesaswell.第26页/共31页Close Reading conversation-style state-styleinner monologuelinear art第27页/共31页SymbolsItwasdarkbutinthelightfromthewindowIcouldseeitwasraining.Icouldseenothingbutthedarkandtherainfallingacrossthelightfromthewindow.Iwentdownthehallandthendownthestairsandoutthedoorofthehospitalanddownthedarkstreetintheraintothecaf.第28页/共31页SymbolsIwalkedthroughtherainuptothehospital.ButafterIhadgotthemoutandshutthedoorandturnedoffthelightitwasntanygood.Itwaslikesayinggood-bytoastatue.AfterawhileIwentoutandleftthehospitalandwalkedbacktothehotelintherain.第29页/共31页It is raining outside almost every time something bad occurs,such as the armys retreat or Catherines death,and serves to mark these events as random occurrences just like rain itself.Rain also serves as a life-affirming symbol,one which baptizes Henry when he decides to desert the Italian army.In this dual purpose,Hemingway places all control,both curse and blessing,into the hands of the world and not of man.The Rain:第30页/共31页感谢您的观看！第31页/共31页
