汽车专业英语课件-1cha.ppt

汽车专业英语汽车专业英语AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING ENGLISH（车辆工程/交通运输/汽车服务工程）授课人：o课程介绍课程介绍o课程属性课程属性学科选修课学科选修课o课时课时3636学时学时o课程内容课程内容汽车基础（结构原理）、诊断修理、营销服务、汽车设汽车基础（结构原理）、诊断修理、营销服务、汽车设 计制造计制造o学习目的学习目的o1.1.打好基础：首先掌握必要词汇，熟悉并巩固语法与专业知识，开阔打好基础：首先掌握必要词汇，熟悉并巩固语法与专业知识，开阔眼界；学好本门课程，对考研亦有一定的帮助眼界；学好本门课程，对考研亦有一定的帮助o2.2.掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译水平，较熟练笔译专业资料，解决生产实掌握翻译技巧，提高翻译水平，较熟练笔译专业资料，解决生产实际中的问题际中的问题o3.3.阅读本专业领域的国外资料，了解和掌握汽车的发展动态和前沿技阅读本专业领域的国外资料，了解和掌握汽车的发展动态和前沿技术，以及术，以及汽车设计制造新技术汽车设计制造新技术/维修技术维修技术/销售服务（销售服务（任一方向任一方向），为，为研究和创新奠定基础研究和创新奠定基础o学习方法学习方法o认真听讲，做好记录，大胆实践认真听讲，做好记录，大胆实践o参考教材：参考教材：汽车专业英语，宋进桂，机械工业出版社汽车专业英语，宋进桂，机械工业出版社AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING ENGLISHForewordSTRUCTUREof the AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING ENGLISHAutomotive Maintenance and RepairAutomotive BasicsAutomotive Marketing and Service Automotive Design and Manufacturing课程结构课程结构本章学习内容本章学习内容Chapter 1 General Information本章学习内容、目标和重点难点本章学习内容、目标和重点难点本章学习目标本章学习目标本章难点重点本章难点重点1.Basic Parts of Automobile1.Classification of Automobile1.1.掌握汽车组成、主要系统部件的英文名称掌握汽车组成、主要系统部件的英文名称2.2.掌握汽车的分类掌握汽车的分类3.3.了解各个系统的主要组成和功能了解各个系统的主要组成和功能1.1.重点为记忆英文专业术语重点为记忆英文专业术语2.2.难点需要记忆的生词偏多难点需要记忆的生词偏多3.3.汉译准确表达也是难点汉译准确表达也是难点 New Words and Phrasescategoryktigrin.种种类，类型，范畴型，范畴manifoldmnifulda.多种形式的多种形式的 n.多种；歧管多种；歧管stylingstailin.花花式式样样streamlinedstri:mlainda.流线型的流线型的,现代化的现代化的chassissin.底盘底盘coolantku:lntn.冷却液，冷却剂冷却液，冷却剂lubricationlu:brikeinn.润滑润滑Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobiletransmissiontrnzminn.变速器，传动变速器，传动,传动系统，传送，传动系统，传送，发射发射clutchkl tn.离合器离合器hydraulichaidr:lika.液压的，水压的，水力的液压的，水压的，水力的manoeuvremnu:v=maneuvre v.策划，机动；策划，机动；n.策略策略,调动调动drumdr mn.鼓鼓,鼓声；鼓声；v.击鼓击鼓pedalpedln.踏板踏板Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobileignitionigninn.点火点火,点燃点燃igniteignaitv.点火点火,点燃点燃carburetork:bjuretn.化油器化油器combustiblekmb stbla.易燃的易燃的axleksln.轮轴轮轴,车轴车轴suspensionsspennn.悬架，悬浮悬架，悬浮,悬浮液悬浮液,暂停暂停,中止中止,悬而未决悬而未决differentialdifrenln.差速器，微分；差速器，微分；a.微分的，差动的微分的，差动的Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobilepower unit动力装置动力装置gasoline engine汽油机汽油机spark-ignition engine点燃式发动机点燃式发动机diesel engine柴油机柴油机compression-ignition engine压燃式发动机压燃式发动机combustible mixture可燃混合气可燃混合气motor oil发动机油发动机油Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobilewind resistance空气阻力，风阻空气阻力，风阻driving speed行驶速度行驶速度power train传动系，动力装置传动系，动力装置propeller shaft传动轴传动轴rear axle后桥后桥driving road wheel驱动轮驱动轮torque converter液力变矩器液力变矩器drive shaft传动轴传动轴Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate,individual parts that must work together.These parts can be grouped into four major categories:engine,body,chassis and electrical equipments，see Fig.1-1.Fig.1-1 basic parts of a carChapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile Text The engine acts as the power unit.There are two types of engine:gasoline engine(also called a spark-ignition engine)and diesel engine(also called a compression-ignition engine).All engines have fuel,exhaust,cooling,and lubrication systems.Gasoline engines also have an ignition system.The ignition system supplies the electric spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders.The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine.The fuel is mixed with air to form a combustible mixture in the carburetor,the manifold,or the cylinders themselves.The cooling system removes excessive heat from the engine.Air and a coolant are used to carry away the heat.The lubrication system is important in keeping the engine running smoothly.Motor oil is the lubricant used in the system.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile1.Engine An automobile body(Fig.1-2)provides a protective covering for the engine,passengers,and cargo.The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.The body styling provides an attractive,colorful,modern appearance for the vehicle.It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at the driving speeds.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile2.BodyFig.1-2 An automobile body3.Chassis The chassis includes the power train,suspension,steering,and brake systems.The power train system comprises clutch,transmission,propeller shaft,rear axle and differential and the driving road wheels.The clutch or torque converter has the task of disconnecting and connecting the engines power from and to the driving wheels of the vehicle.The main purpose of the transmission or gearbox is to provide a selection of gear ratios between the engine and driving wheels,so that the vehicle can operate satisfactorily under all driving conditions.Gear selection may be done manually by the driver or automatically by a hydraulic control system.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile要点分析：要点分析：driving wheels参考译文：参考译文：驱动轮驱动轮从动轮是什么？是从动轮是什么？是Driven wheels!Driven wheels 还有还有“驱动轮驱动轮”（被发动机（被发动机驱动）的意思。驱动）的意思。只有联系上下文确定其具体指什么。只有联系上下文确定其具体指什么。知识拓展 The function of the propeller(drive)shaft is to transmit the drive from the gearbox to the input shaft of the rear axle and differential assembly.Flexible joints allow the rear axle and wheels to move up and down without affecting operation.The rear axle and differential unit transmits the engines rotational power through 90 from propeller shaft to axle shaft to road wheels.A further function is to allow each driving wheel to turn at a different speed when cornering.A third function is to introduce another gear ratio for torque multiplication.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants,thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course,regardless of road conditions.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile The basic job of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks caused by irregular road surfaces that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants,thus helping to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course,regardless of road conditions.难点提示：难点提示：1）that would otherwise be transmitted to the vehicle and its occupants是是shocks的定语从句；的定语从句；2）thus helping现在分词短语作主句的状语，并非定语现在分词短语作主句的状语，并非定语从句的构成部分；从句的构成部分；3）to keep the vehicle on a controlled and level course不定式短语的含义是不定式短语的含义是“使汽使汽车保持在可以控制的、笔直的行驶路线上。车保持在可以控制的、笔直的行驶路线上。”参考译文：参考译文：悬架系统的基本作用是吸收路面不平引起的冲击和振动，悬架系统的基本作用是吸收路面不平引起的冲击和振动，使其不会传递给车辆和乘员使其不会传递给车辆和乘员，这样，不管路况如何，都能使车辆这样，不管路况如何，都能使车辆具有可控制的、笔直的行驶路线。具有可控制的、笔直的行驶路线。难点分析The steering system provides the means by which the front wheels are directionally turned.The steering system may be power assisted to reduce the effort required to turn the steering wheel and make the vehicle easier to manoeuvre.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile The braking system on a vehicle has three main functions.It must be able to reduce the speed of the vehicle,when necessary;it must be able to stop the car in as short a distance as possible;it must be able to hold the vehicle stationary.Each wheel has a brake assembly,of either the drum type or the disc type,hydraulically operated when the driver applies the foot brake pedal.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile 4.Electrical Equipment The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition,horn,lights,heater,and starter.The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.This circuit consists of a battery,and an alternator(or generator).The battery stores electricity.The alternator changes the engines mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 Basic Parts of Automobile Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile sedansidnn.轿车轿车,轿子轿子enclosedinklouzda.封闭的封闭的,密闭的密闭的pick-uppikpn.拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），拾波器，皮卡（轻型货车），传感器传感器grossgrousa.总的总的,毛重的毛重的;n.总额总额coachkoutn.四轮大马车四轮大马车,长途客车长途客车,教教练练rigidridida.刚硬的刚硬的,刚性的刚性的,严格的严格的axleksln.轮轴轮轴,车轴车轴articulated:tikjuleitida.铰接铰接(的的),有关节的有关节的1.2.1 New Words and PhrasesChapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile capacitykpsitin.容量容量,生产量生产量,才能才能,能力能力commuterkmju:tn.长期月票使用者长期月票使用者luxuriouslgzjurisa.奢侈的奢侈的,豪华的豪华的passenger car乘用车乘用车commercial vehicle商用车商用车multi-purpose van多用途厢式车多用途厢式车Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile Motor vehicles can be classified depending on the following features:Uses of vehicle.Motor vehicles can be divided into passenger cars and commercial vehicles.Passenger cars are primarily intended for use in transporting people,as well as their luggage and other small cargo.The number of seats,including that of the driver,is restricted to nine.Commercial vehicles are designed to transport people and cargo and for pulling trailers,see Fig.1-3.1.1.2 TextoA passenger cars or commercial vehicle?判断是乘用车还是商用车？判断是乘用车还是商用车？SedanCoupeMPVSUVPassenger vehicle(number of seats is more than 9)PickupCrossoverGreen car（低污染或无污染汽车。不确定，但多属于乘用车，如（低污染或无污染汽车。不确定，但多属于乘用车，如EV、HEV）知识拓展 Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile 知识拓展o英文“货车”、“重型货车”、“轻型货车”Truck,lorry =goods car =goods vehicle =goods-carrying vehicleHeavy（heavy duty）truck =heavy goods vehicleLight truckChapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile Body shapes.A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment.The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods.A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof.There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors,and these are commonly referred to as convertibles(Fig.1-4).1.1.2 TextFig.1-4 Body shapes Chapter 1 General Information1.2 Classification of Automobile Multi-purpose vans(MPV)can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available.The pick-up carries goods.Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass.The bodies of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose.Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles,but a large number of wheels and axles can be used.Sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity.Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck.Buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious and used for long distances.小结与作业oMain parts,classificationo阅读并记住黑体字专业词汇；提出疑难问题o掌握汽车组成和分类术语