高考常考化学方程式(全).pdf

WORD 格式中学化学常用方程式大全总目录一、无机化学方程式二、热化学方程式三、有机反应方程式四、离子方程式五、电极方程式-分目录表一、无机化学方程式.6A.6Ag.6Al.6As.7B.7Ba.7Be.7Br.7C.7C.7Ca.8Cl.9Cu.9F.10F2.10Fe.10专业资料整理WORD 格式H.11H2.11Hg.12HF.12HCl.12HBr.12HI.12H2O.12H2O2.13H2S.13第 1 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式H2CO3.13HClO.13HNO3.13H3PO4.13H2SO3.14H2SO4.14I.15K.15K.15K2O、K2O2.16KOH.16K2CO3.16KHCO3.16KClO3.16KI.16KAl(SO4)2.16KMnO4.16KSCN.17KH.17L.17Li.17Li2O.17LiOH.17Li2CO3.17LiHCO3.17M.17Mg.17MgO.18专业资料整理WORD 格式Mg(OH)2.18MgCO3.18Mg(HCO3)2.18MgSO4.18MnO2.18N.18N2.18NO、NO2、N2O5.18NH3.19NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3.19NH4Cl.19NH4NO3.20(NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO4.20Na、Na2O、Na2O2.20NaH.20NaOH.20NaAlO2.21NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI.21第 2 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式Na2CO3、NaHCO3.21NaNO3、NaNO2.22Na3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4.22Na2S、NaHS.22Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O3.22Na2SiO3.22C6H5ONa.22O.22O2.22O3.23P.23P.23P2O3、P2O5.24Pb、PbO2.24(CH3COO)2Pb.24R.24S.24S.24SO2.25SO3.25Si.25SiO2.25Z.26Zn.26ZnO.26专业资料整理WORD 格式Zn(OH)2.26二、热化学方程式.26B.26C.26H.27N.28P.28S.28三、有机反应方程式.28(一)烷烃.28(二)烯烃.28(三)炔烃.29(四)芳香烃.29(五)石油.29(六)卤代烃.29(七)醇类.30(八)酚类.30(九)醛类.30(十)羧酸.31(十一)糖类.31(十二)酯、油脂.31第 3 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式(十三)氨基酸.32四、离子方程式.32A.32Al.32Ag.33As.34B.34Ba.34Br.34C.342-、CO2.34CO3Ca.35Cl.35CN.36Cr.36Cu.36CxHyOz.36F.37F2.37Fe.37H.38+.H.38H2O.38H2O2.38H2CO3系列.38H3PO4系列.39专业资料整理WORD 格式H2S 系列.39H2SO3系列.40I.40L.40M.41Mg.41Mn.41N.41Na.41NN3系列.41-、NO.42NO23O.42P.42S.43S.43Si.44Z.44五、电极方程式.44(一)原电池电极方程式.441CuH2SO4Zn 原电池.44第 4 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式2CuFeCl3C 原电池.453钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀.454氢氧燃料电池（中性介质）.455氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质）.456氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质）.457铅蓄电池（放电）.458AlNaOHMg 原电池.459CH4燃料电池(碱性介质).4610熔融碳酸盐燃料电池.4611银锌纽扣电池(碱性介质).46(二)电解电极方程式.461电解 CuCl2溶液.462电解精炼铜.463电镀铜.464电解饱和食盐水.465电解 HCl 溶液.476电解 NaOH 溶液.477电解 H2SO4溶液.478电解 KNO3溶液.479电解 CuSO4溶液.47专业资料整理WORD 格式10电解 AgNO3溶液.4711铅蓄电池（充电）.47第 5 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式正文部分一、无机化学方程式A AAgAgAg+2HNO3(浓)=AgNO3+NO2+H2O2AgCl=2Ag+Cl2 见(光或受热)AgNO3+NaCl=AgCl+NaNO3AgNO3+NaBr=AgBr+NaNO3AgNO3+NaI=AgI+NaNO3Ag3PO4+3HNO3=H3PO4+3AgNO3AlAl点燃4Al+3O22Al2O3(纯氧)2Al+3SAl2S32Al+3Cl22AlCl3高温高温4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr高温2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeOAl2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H22Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al+6H2SO4(浓)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2OAl+4HNO3(稀)=Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O(Al、Fe 在冷、浓的硫酸、硝酸中钝化)2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2AlAl2 2O O3 3、Al(OH)Al(OH)3 3AlO3HSOAlSO3HO23242432AlO2NaOH2NaAlOHO(Al2O3是两性氧化物)2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2O2322Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+6H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O铝盐AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3+3NaClAlCl3+3NH3H2O=Al(OH)3+3NH4Cl2AlCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaClAlCl3+3NaHCO3=Al(OH)3+3CO2+3NaClAlCl3+3NaAlO2+6H2O=4Al(OH)3+3NaClAlCl3+4NaOH=NaAlO2+3NaCl+2H2O专业资料整理WORD 格式Al2(SO4)3+3Na2S+6H2O=2Al(OH)3+3H2S+3Na2SO4第 6 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式Al4C3+12H2O=4Al(OH)3+3CH4AsAsAs2O3+6Zn+12HCl=2AsH3+6ZnC2l+3H2O3As2S3+28HNO3(稀)+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NOAs2S3+28HNO3(浓)=2H3AsO4+3H2SO4+28NO2+8H2OB BBaBaBa(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2OBa(OH)2+2CO2(过量)=Ba(HCO3)2Ba(OH)2+H2SO4=BaSO4+2H2O3Ba(OH)2+2H3PO4=Ba3(PO4)2+6H2OBaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4+2HClBaCl2+Na2SO4=BaSO4+2NaClBaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+CO2+H2OBaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2+H2OBaO2+H2SO4(稀)=BaSO4+H2O2BeBeBe+2HCl=BeCl2+H2Be+2NaOH=Na2BeO2+H2BeCl2+2NaOH=Be(OH)2+2NaClBe(OH)2+2HCl=BeCl2+2H2OBe(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2BeO2+2H2OBrBrBr2+H22HBr3Br2+2Fe=2FeBr3Br2+2FeBr2=2FeBr3Br2+2NaI=2NaBr+I2Br2+2HI=2HBr+I2Br2+H2O=HBr+HBrOBr2+2NaOH=NaBr+NaBrO+H2OBr2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HBrBr2+H2S=S+2HBrC CC C点燃C+2F2CF4点燃C+2Cl2CCl4点燃2C+O2(少量)2CO点燃C+O2(足量)CO2高温C+CO22CO第 7 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式高温C+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)高温2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)C+SiSiC(金刚砂)C+2SCS2电炉3C+CaOCaC2+CO电炉3C+SiO2SiC+2COC+2H2SO4(浓)CO2+2SO2+2H2OC+4HNO3(浓)CO2+4NO2+H 22O点燃2CO+O22CO2高温CO+CuOCu+CO2高温3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2高温CO+H2OCO2+H2点燃CO2+2Mg2MgO+CCO2+H2O=H2CO3CO2+2NaOH(过量)=Na2CO3+H2OCO2(过量)+NaOH=NaHCO3CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)=CaCO3+H2O2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HCO3)2CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O=C6H5OH+NaHCO3CO2+Na2O=Na2CO32CO2+2Na2O2=2Na2CO3+O2CO2+NH3+NaCl+H2O=NaHCO3+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法)CaCaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2CaO+SiO2CaSiO32Ca(OH)2+2Cl2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(OH)2+SO3=CaSO4+H2OCaCO3+2HNO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2(用 HNO3和浓硫酸不能制备 H2S、HI、HBr 等还原性气体)专业资料整理高温WORD 格式第 8 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式高温CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2CaF2+H2SO4(浓)=CaSO4+2HFCa3(PO4)2+3H2SO4(浓)=3CaSO4+2H3PO4Ca3(PO4)2+2H2SO4(浓)=2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2Ca3(PO4)2+4H3PO4=3Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2ClClCl2+H2=2HCl(光照或点燃)Cl2+2Na2NaCl3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl53Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I2*5Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HClCl2+Na2S=2NaCl+SCl2+H2S=2HCl+SCl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2O=HCl+HClOCl2+H2O2=2HCl+O2Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH(热、浓)=5KCl+KClO3+3H2OCuCu2Cu+O22CuO2Cu+SCu2SCu+Cl2CuCl23CuO+2NH33Cu+N2+3H2OCuO+2HCl=CuCl2+H2OCuO+H2SO4=CuSO4+H2OCu(OH)2+2HCl=CuCl2+2H2OCu(OH)2+H2SO4=CuSO4+2H2OCu(OH)2CuO+H2OCuCl2+H2S=CuS+2HClCuCl2+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2+2NaClCuSO4+H2S=CuS+H2SO4CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2+Na2SO4CuSO4+Ba(OH)2=Cu(OH)2+BaSO4CaC2CaC2+2H2O=CHCH+Ca(OH)2第 9 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式F FF F2 2F2+H2=2HF2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2FeFe点燃点燃2Fe+3Cl22FeCl33Fe+2O2Fe3O4Fe+SFeS2Fe+3Br2=2FeBr3高温Fe+I2FeI23Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2Fe+CuCl2=FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4=FeCl2+SnCl2Fe+H2S=FeS+H22Fe+6H2SO4(浓)=Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2OFe+H2SO4(稀)=FeSO4+H2Fe+6HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2OFe+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O8Fe+30HNO3=8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O10Fe+36HNO3=10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O8Fe+30HNO3=8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFe(Al)+H2SO4(浓)室温下钝化Fe+(CH3COO)2Cu=Cu+(CH3COO)2Fe高温3FeO+2AlAl2O3+3Fe6FeO+O22Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2OFeFe2 2O O3 3高温高温Fe2O3+2AlAl2O3+2FeFe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2Fe2O3+3H22Fe+3H2O(制还原铁粉)Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2OFeFe3 3O O4 4Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2OFe3O4+8HCl(浓)FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O第 10 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式Fe(OH)Fe(OH)2 2、Fe(OH)Fe(OH)3 34Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2OFeClFeCl2 22FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3FeCl2+Mg=Fe+MgCl2FeClFeCl3 32FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu=2FeCl2+CuCl2(用于雕刻铜线路板)2FeCl3+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl2FeCl3+Zn=2FeCl2+ZnCl22FeCl3+H2S=2FeCl2+2HCl+S2FeCl3+2KI=2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl3+3NH3H2O=Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl2FeCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O=2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaClFeCl3+3NaHCO3=Fe(OH)3+3CO2+3NaCl2FeCl3+SO2+2H2O=2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HClFeCl3+3KSCN=Fe(SCN)3+3KClFeSFeSFeS+2HCl=FeCl2+H2SFeS+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2S其它 FeFe 化合物点燃4FeS2+11O22Fe2O3+8SO2Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag=2FeSO4+Ag2SO4(较难反应)Fe(NO3)3+Ag 不反应H HH H2 2H2+F2=2HF(冷暗处爆炸)H2+Cl2=2HCl(光照或点燃)3H2+N2催化剂2NH3H2+S高温、高压H2S6H2+P44PH32H2+SiCl4Si(纯)+4HClH2+2Na=2NaH3H2+Fe2O32Fe+3H2O(制还原铁粉)第 11 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式4H2+Fe3O43Fe+4H2O2H2+SiO2Si+2H2OHgHg3Hg+8HNO3(稀)=3Hg(NO3)2+2NO+4H2OHg+4HNO3(浓)=Hg(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2OHFHF4HF+SiO2=SiF4+2H2OHClHCl6HCl+2Al=2AlCl3+3H22HCl+Fe=FeCl2+H24HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4HCl(g)+O22Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7=2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2OHCl+NH3=NH4Cl(白烟)2HCl+FeO=FeCl2+H2O6HCl+Fe2O3=2FeCl3+3H2O8HCl(浓)+Fe3O4FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OHCl+Na3PO4=Na2HPO4+NaClHCl+Na2HPO4=NaH2PO4+NaClHCl+NaH2PO4=H3PO4+NaClHCl+Na2CO3=NaHCO3+NaClHCl+NaHCO3=NaCl+H2O+CO2HBrHBrHBr+NaOH=NaBr+H2O2HBr+Cl2=2HCl+Br2HIHI2HIH2+I22HI+Cl2=2HCl+I2HI+NaOH=NaI+H2OH H2 2O O2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2高温电解3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H22H2O2H2+O2SO2+H2O=H2SO3SO3+H2O=H2SO43NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O=2HNO3P2O5+H2O(冷)=2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(热)=2H3PO4第 12 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式CO2+H2O=H2CO3H H2 2O O2 22H2O2MnO2H2O+O2H2O2+Cl2=2HCl+O225H2O2+2KMnO4+6HCl=2MnCl2+2KCl+5O2+8H2OH H2 2S SH2S+Cl2=2HCl+SH2S+Mg=MgS+H22H2S+3O2(足量)=2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)=2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)=S+SO2+2H2OH2SH2+S3H2S+2HNO3(稀)=3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O*3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4=Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O*H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=Na2SO4+6NaOHH2S+Fe=FeS+H2H2S+CuCl2=CuS+2HClH2S+HgCl2=HgS+2HClH2S+4NO2=4NO+SO3+H2OH H2 2COCO3 3H2CO3=CO2+H2OHClOHClO2HClO=2HCl+O2HNOHNO3 33HNO3+Ag3PO4=H3PO4+3AgNO3Al+4HNO3(稀)=Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O3As2S3+28HNO3+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NO4HNO3(浓)+CCO2+4NO2+2H2O2HNO3+CaCO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO26HNO3+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O4HNO3+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe=10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFeO+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O第 13 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式3H2S+2HNO3(稀)=3S+2NO+4H2O4HNO3=4NO2+O2+2H2O(见光或受热分解)NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3(白烟)(用 HNO3和浓硫酸不能制备 H2S、HI、HBr，而 SO2可用浓硫酸制备)3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)=6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O3Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)=3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O*5HNO3(浓)+P=H3PO4+5NO2+H2OP4+20HNO3(浓)=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OS+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)=3SO2+4NO+2H2OH H3 3POPO4 44H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2=3Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)H3PO4(浓)+NaBr=NaH2PO4+HBrH3PO4(浓)+NaI=NaH2PO4+HIH H2 2SOSO3 3H2SO3+X2+H2O=H2SO4+2HX(X2表示 Cl2、Br2、I2)2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2=H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O=H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HClH2SO3=H2O+SO2H2SO3+2H2S=3S+3H2OH H2 2SOSO4 4Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H22Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al+6H2SO4(浓)Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O2NH3+H2SO4=(NH4)2SO4H2S+H2SO4(浓)=S+SO2+2H2O第 14 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式P2O5+3H2SO4(浓)=2H3PO4+3SO3BaO2+H2SO4(稀)=BaSO4+H2O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)=Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2O2H2SO4(浓)+CCO2+2SO2+2H2O2H2SO4(浓)+S=3SO2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+Fe(Al)室温下钝化6H2SO4(浓)+2Fe=Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+SO2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+2HBrSO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+2HISO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4(浓)+CaF2=CaSO4+2HFH2SO4(浓)+NaClNaHSO4+HClH2SO4(浓)+2NaCl强热Na2SO4+2HClH2SO4(浓)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3 微(热)3H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)2=3CaSO4+2H3PO42H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)2=2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2I II2+H2I2+Fe2HIFeI2I2+2NaOH=NaI+NaIO+H2OK KK KK+O2KO22K+2H2O=2KOH+H2第 15 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式K K2 2O O、K K2 2O O2 2K2O+H2O=2KOHK2O+CO2=K2CO32K2O2+2CO2=2K2CO3+O22K2O2+2H2O=4KOH+O2KOHKOH2KOH+CO2=K2CO3+H2OKOH+CO2=KHCO3K K2 2COCO3 3K2CO3+2HCl=2KCl+CO2+H2OK2CO3+CaCl2=CaCO3+2KClK2CO3+2AgNO3=Ag2CO3+2KNO3KHCOKHCO3 3KHCO3+HCl=KCl+CO2+H 2O2KHCO3K2CO3+CO2+H2OKClOKClO3 32KClO3MnO22KCl+3O2KClO3+6HCl=KCl+3Cl2+3H2OKIKI2KI+Cl2=2KCl+I2KI+AgNO3=AgI+KNO3KAl(SOKAl(SO4 4)2 22KAl(SO4)2+6NaOH=K2SO4+3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)32KAl(SO4)2+3Ba(OH)2=K2SO4+3BaSO4+2Al(OH)3KAl(SO4)2+2Ba(OH)2=KAlO2+2BaSO4+2H2OKMnOKMnO4 42KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O22KMnO4+16HCl=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O2KMnO4+5H2O2+6HCl=2KCl+2MnCl2+5O2+8H2O第 16 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式KSCNKSCN3KSCN+FeCl3=Fe(SCN)3+3KClKHKHKH+H2O=KOH+H2L LLiLi4Li+O22Li2O2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+H2LiLi2 2O OLi2O+CO2=Li2CO3Li2O+H2O=2LiOHLiOHLiOH2LiOH+CO2=Li2CO3+H2OLiOH+CO2=LiHCO3LiLi2 2COCO3 3Li2CO3+2HCl=2LiCl+CO2+H2OLiHCOLiHCO3 3LiHCO3+HCl=LiCl+CO2+H2O2LiHCO3Li2CO3+CO2+H2OM MMgMg点燃2Mg+O22MgOMg+2H2O2Mg(OH)2+H2点燃点燃Mg+Cl2MgCl22Mg+CO22MgO+CMg+S=MgSMg+Br2=MgBr2Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H22Mg+TiCl4(熔融)=Ti+2MgCl2第 17 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式MgOMgOMgO+2HCl=MgCl2+H2OMgO+H2O=Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)Mg(OH)2 2Mg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OMgCOMgCO3 3MgCO3+2HCl=MgCl2+CO2+H2OMgCO3+H2OMg(OH)2+CO2MgCO3CO2+MgOMg(HCOMg(HCO3 3)2 2Mg(HCO3)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2CO2+2H2OMg(HCO3)2Mg(OH)2+2CO2MgSOMgSO4 4MgSO4+Ba(OH)2=Mg(OH)2+BaSO4MgSO4+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2+N2 aSO4MnOMnO2 2MnO2+4HCl(浓)MnCl2+Cl2+2H2ON NN N2 2N2+3H22NH3N2+O22NO点燃N2+3MgMg3N2N2+6Na=2Na3NNONO、NONO2 2、N N2 2O O5 52NO+O2=2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2+H2O(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的 NO 和 NO2)6NO+4NH3催化剂5N2+6H2ONO2+2KI+H2O=NO+I2+2KOH(不能用淀粉 KI 溶液鉴别溴蒸气和 NO2)第 18 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式4NO2+H2S=4NO+SO3+H2ONO2+SO2=SO3+NO3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O=2HNO3NHNH3 32NH3+3CuO3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2=N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2=N2+6NH4Cl点燃4NH3+3O2(纯氧)2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O24NH3+6NO催化剂4NO+6H2O催化剂5N2+6H2O(用氨清除 NO)NH3+HCl=NH4Cl(白烟)NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3(白烟)2NH3+H2SO4=(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2=NaHCO3+NH4Cl(侯氏制碱法)2NH3+SO2+H2O=(NH4)2SO3NH3 H2ONH3+H2O+OH NH3+H2ONH3H2ONH4NHNH4 4HCOHCO3 3、(NH(NH4 4)2 2COCO3 3NH4HCO3NH3+H2O+CO2(NH4)2CO32NH3+H2O+CO2NHNH4 4ClClNH4ClNH3+HCl2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3+2H2ONH4Cl+NaOHNaCl+NH3+H2ONH4Cl+NaOH=NaCl+NH3H2O-第 19 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式NHNH4 4NONO3 3NH4NO3+NaOH=NaNO3+NH3H2ONH4NO3+NaOHNaNO3+NH3+H2O5NH4NO32HNO3+4N2+9H2O(NH(NH4 4)2 2SOSO3 3、(NH(NH4 4)2 2SOSO4 4(NH4)2SO3+SO2+H2O=2NH4HSO3(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2NH3H2O(NH4)2SO4+2NaOHNa2SO4+2NH3+2H2ONaNa、NaNa2 2O O、NaNa2 2O O2 2点燃点燃4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na+O2Na2O2Cl2+2Na2NaCl2Na+S=Na2S(爆炸)2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H22Na+H22NaH2Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4(熔融)=4NaCl+TiNa2O+H2O=2NaOH2Na2O+O22Na2O2Na2O+SO3=Na2SO4Na2O+CO2=Na2CO3Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H2ONa2O2+2Na=2Na2O(此反应用于制备 Na2O)2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2(此反应分两步 Na2O2+2H2O=2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O2=2H2O+O2。H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应)2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)=Na2SO4+H2O2NaHNaHNaH+H2O=NaOH+H2NaOHNaOH2NaOH+Si+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H26NaOH+3S2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O2NaOH+2Al+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H22NaOH(过量)+CO2=Na2CO3+H2ONaOH+CO2(过量)=NaHCO3第 20 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式2NaOH+SiO2=Na2SiO3+H2O(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)2NaOH+Al2O3=2NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2=NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S(足量)=NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S(少量)=Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCl3=Al(OH)3+3NaClNaOH+Al(OH)3=NaAlO2+2H2ONaOH+NH4ClNaCl+NH3+H2O4NaOH+AlCl3=NaAlO2+3NaCl+2H2O6NaOH+P2O5=2Na3PO4+3H2ONaAlONaAlO2 22NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+Na2CO33NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O=4Al(OH)3+3NaClNaClNaCl、NaClONaClO、NaBrNaBr、NaINaINaCl+H2SO4(浓)NaHSO4+HClH2SO4(浓)+2NaCl2NaI+Cl2=2NaCl+I2NaBr+H3PO4(浓)=NaH2PO4+HBrNaI+H3PO4(浓)=NaH2PO4+HINaNa2 2COCO3 3、NaHCONaHCO3 3高温Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2Na2CO3+HCl=NaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO23Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O=2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl3NaHCO3+AlCl3=Al(OH)3+3CO2+3NaCl3NaHCO3+FeCl3=Fe(OH)3+3CO2+3NaCl2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2+H2O3Na2CO3+2Br2+H2O=2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2第 21 页共 48 页专业资料整理强热 Na2SO4+2HClWORD 格式NaHCO3+Br2=NaBr+HBrO+CO2NaNONaNO3 3、NaNONaNO2 22NaNO32NaNO2+O2H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3 微(热)NaNO2+NH4Cl=NaCl+N2+2H2ONaNa3 3POPO4 4、NaHNaH2 2POPO4 4、NaNa2 2HPOHPO4 4Na3PO4+HCl=Na2HPO4+NaClNa2HPO4+HCl=NaH2PO4+NaClNaH2PO4+HCl=H3PO4+NaClNaNa2 2S S、NaHSNaHSNa2S+Cl2=2NaCl+S3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)=6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O=2Al(OH)3+3H2S+3N2 aSO4Na2S+FeCl2=FeS+2NaClNaHS+HCl=NaCl+H2SNaNa2 2SOSO4 4、NaNa2 2SOSO3 3、NaNa2 2S S2 2O O3 33Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)=3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O2Na2SO3+O2=2Na2SO4Na2S2O3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2ONa2SO3+SO2+H2O=2NaHSO32NaHSO3Na2SO3+SO2+H2ONaNa2 2SiOSiO3 3Na2SiO3+2HCl=H 2SiO3+2NaClC C6 6H H5 5ONaONaC6H5ONa+CO2+H2O=C6H5OH+NaHCO3O O2 2点燃O2+2H22H2OO2+KKO2点燃2O2+3FeFe3O4第 22 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式点燃O2+SSO2O2+N22NO3O22O3点燃4P+5O2P4O10(常写成 P2O5)点燃C+O2(足量)CO2Si(粉)+O2SiO24Na+O2=2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O22Na+O2Na2O2点燃2Mg+O22MgO点燃4Al+3O22Al2O34NH3+5O2催化剂4NO+6H2O2SO2+O22SO3点燃2CO+O22CO26FeO+O22Fe3O42H2SO3+O2=2H2SO44Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)32Na2SO3+O2=2Na2SO4O O3 32O3=3O2O3+2HI=I2+O2+H2OP PP P点燃2P+3Cl22PCl3PCl3+Cl2PCl5P4+6H24PH3点燃4P+5O2P4O10(常写成 P2O5)专业资料整理WORD 格式第 23 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式P4+20HNO3(浓)=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O11P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4PH3+2O2=H3PO4P P2 2O O3 3、P P2 2O O5 5P2O5+H2O(冷)=2HPO3P2O5+3H2O(热)=2H3PO4(P2O5极易吸水、可作气体干燥剂)*P2O5+3H2SO4(浓)=2H3PO4+3SO3P2O5+6NaOH=2Na3PO4+3H2OPbPb、PbOPbO2 2Pb+2HCl=PbCl2+H2PbO2+4HCl(浓)PbCl2+Cl2+2H2O(CH(CH3 3COO)COO)2 2PbPb(CH3COO)2Pb+H2S=PbS+2CH3COOHRbRb2Rb+2H2O=2RbOH+H2RbOH+HCl=RbCl+H2OS SS SS+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+FeFeSS+2CuCu2S3S+2AlAl2S3S+ZnZnS点燃S+O2SO2S+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)=3SO2+4NO+2H2O3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2OS+2Na=Na2S(爆炸)S+Mg=MgS第 24 页共 48 页专业资料整理WORD 格式S+2H2SO4(浓)=3SO2+2H2OSOSO2 22SO2+O22SO32SO2+O2+2H2O=2H2SO4SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HISO2+2H2S=3S+2H2OSO2+H2O=H2SO3SO2+2NH3+H2O=(NH4)2SO3SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O=2NH4HSO3SO2+Ca(OH)2=CaSO3+H2O(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别 SO2和 CO2,可用品红鉴别)2NaOH+SO2(少量)=Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2(足量)=NaHSO3SOSO3 3SO3+H2O=H2SO4SO3+MgO=MgSO4SO3+Ca(OH)2=CaSO4+H2OSO3+Na2O=Na2SO4SiSiSi(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4SiCl4+2H2Si(纯)+4HClSi(粉)+O2SiO2Si+CSiC(金刚砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2SiOSiO2 2高温2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)电炉3C+SiO2SiC+2CO点燃2Mg+SiO22Mg