2021年西乡县第五中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案.pdf

2021 年西乡县第五中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Three Things to Do Before You Are 18 Are you bored with your daily life?Here are some things you should try before you are 18.Learn to swim Seriously,this is so important that it can save your life.If you cant swim well,you wont be able to dowater sports like waterskiing,surfing and diving.Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you.Make sure you do it.Try at least one kind of team sports Being a good team player is an important skill in life.You cant just think of yourself,but have to work well with other people.Other advantages of team sports like basketball,football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy,and they are also great fun.Teams usually have a good social life tooyoull go to lots of parties and make many friends.Collect something One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things.You could collect kinds of stamps,or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done,like cinema tickets for films you have seen or letters from friends.The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.That way you wont forget.1.The most important reason for learning to swim is that _.A.you might feel well B.it can make you healthy C.you might easily do lots of things D.it can save your life 2.The writer tells us that one of the best hobbies is to _.A.collect something B.do some water sports C.send letters to your friends D.play basketball with your friends 23.The passage is mainly about _before you are 18.A.good habits to keep B.skills to have C.things to do D.sports to play B While space travel still gets lot of attention,not enough attention has been paid to the exploration of oceans,about which we know much less than the dark side of the moon.Ninety percent of the ocean floor has not even been recorded and while we have been to the moon,the technology to explore the oceans floors is still being developed.For example,a permanent partially-underwater sea exploration station,called the Sea Orbiter,is currently in development.The oceans play a major role in controlling our climate.But we have not learned yet how to use them to cool us off rather than contribute to our overheating.Ocean organisms are said to hold the promise of cures for a wide of the unique eyes of skate(ray fish)led to advances in conquering blindness,the horseshoe crab was important in developing a test for bacterial pollution,and sea urchins helped in the development of test-tube fertilization(人工授精).The toadfishs ability to regenerate its central nervous system is of much interest to neuroscientists.A recent Japanese study concluded that the drug Eribulin,which was taken from sea sponges,is effective in fighting with breast,colon,and Urinary cancer.Given the approaching crisis of water insufficiency,we badly need to improve current methods,of desalinating(淡化)ocean water and make them more efficient and less costly.By 2025,1.8 billion people are expected to suffer from severe water shortage,with that number jumping to 3.9 billion by 2050-well over a third of the entire global population.If the oceansdo not make your heart go beating faster,how about engineering a bacterium that eats carbon dioxide and thus helps protect the world from overheating and produces fuel which will allow us to drive our cars and machines,without oil?I cannot find any evidence that people young or old,Americans or citizens of other nations would be less impressed or less inspired with such a breakthrough than with one more set of photos of a faraway galaxy or a whole Milky Way full of stars.4.What does the author think about the ocean exploration?A.It is equal to the space exploration.B.It is well developed.C.It deserves more attention and devotion.D.It is beyond our knowledge.5.What technology has been developed to make use of the oceans?A.Curing human diseases with ocean organisms.B.Preventing the world getting warmer.C.Mapping the global ocean floor.D.Removing salt from sea water.6.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A.The temperature rise will be overcome by a bacterium.B.Solving the existing problems is more significant.C.The space exploration is worth the efforts.D.The ocean exploration is not inspiring.7.What is the best title of the passage?A.Oceans,the Last Hope.B.Oceans,the Hidden Treasure.C.Space,the Final Frontier.D.Space,the Faraway Dream.C Scientists often compare coral reefs(珊瑚礁)to underwater rainforests,yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest,corals are animals.The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color1 from algae(藻类)living inside them.When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution,theyhaltthe interdependent relationship with algae,typically pushing them out and turning white.Corals are still alive when they are white,but theyre at risk and many eventually die,turning dark brown.Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals.One common option is to create more protected areas essentially national parks in the ocean.Beyond nature preserves,some conservationists are looking to more hands-on methods.One research center in the Florida Keys is exploring a form of natural selection to keep corals remaining.The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pollution,which is especially tough,because corals there help support fisheries worth$100 million every year.To keep the wild ecosystem alive,Erinn Muller,the centers director,and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally,keeping them to make them reproduce,and then reattaching them to the reef.They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea.So far,the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs.In The Bahamas,Ross Cunning,a research biologist at Chicagos Shedd Aquarium,focuses on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects.He published a study of two Bahamian reefs,one that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave,and one that didnt.We think their ability to deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genes,says Cunning.Theres evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate.The big question scientists need investigate,adds Gunning,is how much more heat corals can adapt to.8.What does the underlined word halt in the first paragraph mean?A.End.B.Develop.C.Strengthen.D.Weaken.9.What do Muller and her team do to save corals?A.Restore the damaged reefs.B.Grow corals by hand underwater.C.Create more protected areas.D.Move corals to unpolluted areas.10.What do Gunnings words suggest?A.Many corals have been genetically improved.B.Cooling down the waters is key to rescuing corals.C.Reasons for corals surviving heat waves are shocking.D.The highest temperature corals can survive is unclear.11.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Relationship between corals and algae B.Efforts made to save corals C.Impact of climate warming on corals D.Survival crisis faced by coral reefs D Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer.He apologized for lack of training,but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conradys Applied Optics and Optical Design,one for his office and a second for his bedside table,he was hired on the spot.Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahls Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as black boxes,although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties.Buchdahls book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics,but it is not about how to design lenses.It is,however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designers needs very much in mind.Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems.Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory,as such,has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design.The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance.The indirect effects have been large,however,both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other,more practical,theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist,but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory.Buchdahls approach has,over the last decade,had a major impact on modern lens design with computers.Thus,he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical,and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician.From the point of view of many physicists and engineers,it will appear to be quite mathematical.Moreover,this is a tightly written book.The subject matter is developed with precision,and the author expects the reader,at very point,to be master of the preceding exposition.12.Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of _.A.newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light B.very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers C.too much mathematical detail in the theory D.not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters 13.The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to _.A.the students who are major in mathematical geometry B.those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems C.the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs D.those who are interested in physics 14.The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is _.A.indirect ways of learning mathematics B.a fundamental power within the theory C.the conceptual elegance of the theory D.the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems 15.This passage is probably excerpted from _.A.a review of a book B.a chemistry textbook C.an opticians essay D.a general science text 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Five steps to better handwriting Some kids love handwriting,but others hate when its time to put their pen to paper.Maybe they are worried about their handwriting.Are you one of them?_16_Here are five steps that really work!Get a great grasp Try this hold your pencil at the top and try to write your name.Pretty hard?But when you hold your pencil the correct way,writing is much easier._17_Hold it in place with your thumb,and your index(食指)and middle fingers.Let the lines be your guide Lined paper is your friend!Those lines can help you create letters that are the right size and proportion(均衡)._18_Also be sure to fill up the lined space completely.Those capital letters shouldbe from the bottom line to the top one.Slow down If your writing is hard to read,try slowing down a little.If you rush,its hard to control where you stop and start your letters.Lower the pressure _19_That makes it harder to make the smooth lines.Try easing up and dont hold the pencil too tightly._20_ Lots of games require you to write or draw pictures.So even though its not schoolwork,youre still using the skills you need to control your pen better.A.Play games B.Ask for more advice C.So“a”should be half the height of a capital“A”.D.Youve been writing since you were a little kid.E.Some kids press down really hard when they write.F.The good news is that just about everyone can improve their handwriting.G.The best way to hold a pen or pencil is to let it rest next to the base of your thumb.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 A few months ago,one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity.His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had_21_an invitation to speak on a conference panel(专家组).It would look great on his CV(简历).I was_22_for him,of course.I had been a(n)_23_partner in the campaign.I felt that I deserved the same opportunity.Yet I hadnt been_24_,and I wasnt sure why.Growing up,I had been taught that the way to_25_was to put my head down and work hard.If my work was good enough,it would speak for itself and I would be_26_.This,coupled with a natural_27_,meant that I_28_worked up the nerve to put myself forward.However,I decided that I need to_29_my life again by becoming my own biggest_30_.So,with my_31_beating fast,I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to_32_me.My mind flooded with a list of well-practiced_33_.Maybe I didnt deserve it.Maybe I was being too_34_.But my colleague immediately contacted the organizers,who quickly agreed to_35_me to the panel.Ive come to understand that I cant be recognized for my work if Im invisible.This isnt a revolutionary_36_,I know,but as an introvert(内向的人)this is my_37_Mount Qomolangma.I think advocating for myself will always make me a little_38_.But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to_39_Im living my best life,like getting flu shots.I suppose I can do the same for my_40_ 21.A.turned down B.lacked for C.referred to D.led to 22.A.thankful B.happy C.sorry D.ready 23.A.legal B.mental C.equal D.special 24.A.invited B.promoted C.informed D.dismissed 25.A.practice B.success C.power D.reality 26.A.observed B.protected C.attracted D.rewarded 27.A.shyness B.warmth C.kindness D.sweetness 28.A.quietly B.frequently C.rarely D.completely 29.A.make sense of B.take control of C.pay attention to D.find fault with 30.A.advocate B.promise C.harvest D.sacrifice 31.A.brain B.bone C.heart D.stomach 32.A.question B.include C.serve D.withdraw 33.A.get-together B.background C.self-doubt D.breakthrough 34.A.stubborn B.proud C.nervous D.ambitious 35.A.add B.send C.report D.track 36.A.test B.idea C.visit D.plan 37.A.personal B.professional C.skeptical D.traditional 38.A.unreasonable B.dishonest C.uncomfortable D.discontent 39.A.figure B.predict C.record D.ensure 40.A.health B.colleague C.education D.career 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Have you ever yelled angrily at someone when you_41._(be)hungry?If so,youve experienced“hangry”some people get bad-tempered when they are overdue for a feed.But where does hanger come from?Everything you eat is diges