2021届东格致中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案.pdf

2021 届东格致中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Stepping Out Into Nature The classic road trip is more popular than ever.Here are several places to hit the open road.Colo-road Trips The Colorado Tourism Office has made it easy for road-trippers to explore the states 24 Scenic&Historic Byways.A new microsite includes-an interactive map that enables travelers to explore options by region,interest or season.Travelers seeking inspiration can also access insider tips and side-trip suggestions for historic attractions,active adventures and highlight cultural opportunities.TheBeartooth Highway.Visitors of this extraordinary byway experience the grand sights ofMontana,WyomingandYellowstonePark.The windy 68-mile stretch introduces road explorers to one of the most diverse ecosystems accessible by auto.Breathtakingly beautiful,this All-American Road showcases wide,high alpine plateaus（高原）,painted with ice blue lakes,forested valleys,waterfalls and wildlife.SewardHighway,Alaska The road that connectsAnchorageto Seward is 127-mile treasure of natural beauty,wildlife and stories of adventure.The drive begins at the base of theChugach Mountains,hugs the scenic shores of Turnagain Arm and winds through gold mining towns,national forests and fishing villages.Expect waterfalls,glaciers,eagles and some good bear stories.The Lighthouse Trail,Maine Travel the 375 miles betweenKitteryandCalais,Maine,visiting lighthouses along the way.Hear tales of shipwrecks（海难）and of the difficult and lonely life led by those who kept the lights burning brightly.If possible,visit theMaineLighthouseMuseum.where artifacts and hands-on exhibits for children provide an appealing break.1.What makes Colo-road Tips special?A.Good bear stories.B.A scenic beach.C.Hands-on exhibits.D.An interactive map.2.Where can you explore state of gold miners?A.Colorado.B.Montana.C.Alaska.D.Maine 3.Which place is suitable for a family with children?A.Colo-road Trips.B.TheBeartooth Highway.C.Seward Highway.D.The Lighthouse Trail.B A growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects(缺陷)and a fathers age,alcohol use and environmental factors,say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center.They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.The study,published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells,suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate,says the studys senior investigator,Joanna Kitlinska,PhD,an associate professor in biochemistry,and molecular and cellular biology.“We know the nutritional,hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure,cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,”she says.“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers his lifestyle,and how old he is,can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,”she says.“In this way,a father can affect not only his immediate offspring,but future generations as well.”For example,a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal(胎儿的)alcohol spectrum disorder(FASD),even though the mother has never consumed alcohol,Kitlinska says.“Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics,suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases,and birth defects in his children.A limited diet during a fathers preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren.Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells,changes in metabolic regulation,diabetes,obesity and development of brain cancer.Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring.And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight,marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,”Kitlinska says.“And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child,we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects,as opposed to considering each in isolation.”4.Whats the message the writer conveys in the passage?A.Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B.Fathers age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.C.Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D.Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.5.What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A.FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B.A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.C.A fathers lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D.Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.6.Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to childrens birth defects?A.Having a father with a limited diet.B.Having a father who is an alcoholic.C.Having an overweight father.D.Having a father with psychosocial stress.7.What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?A.The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.B.The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C.The clinical application of the research findings.D.The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.C Your best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out-your shadow-doesnt serve an important function like your heart or brain,but what if you could use shadows to create electricity?When using solar panels(电池板)that are powered by light,shadows can be boring because it means electricity cant be created.However,researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.A team of the university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows.It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon(硅).Like in a normal solar panel,when put in light,the silicon electrons(电子)become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold.The voltage(电压)of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage.They are sent through an external circuit(外电路)creating a current that can be used to power another machine.The greater the contrast between light and dark,more energy is provided by the machine.The team isworking on improving the performance of the machine,borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light.Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows,as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting.The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine,meaning they would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work,or indoors.“A lot of people think that shadows are useless,”Tan says,but“anything can be useful,even shadows.”8.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A.Your best friend always stays with you after the sunrise.B.The shadow has the same function as the heart and brain.C.Shadows can stop solar panels from creating electricity.D.Researchers have found a way to create power from shadows.9.What is the key working principle of the machine mentioned in the text?A.The silicon produces electricity when it is in the light.B.The gold produces power with the help of the silicon.C.The energized electrons flow from high to low voltage.D.An external circuit creates current using another machine.10.How does the team improve the performance of the machine?A.Using solar panels in the machine.B.Increasing the amount of light received.C.Developing light energy collecting panels.D.Bringing down the price of gold.11.Which of the following is the best place to apply the machine?A.A gym.B.A park.C.A farm.D.A playground.D Barred owls(大林鸮猫头鹰)are a large species native to eastern North America,but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century.By 1973,large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state ofWashington.Later they moved south intoOregonandCalifornia.In parts of thePacific Northwest,the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller,less aggressive bird:the northern spotted owl.In many ways,the barred owl is the spotted owls worst enemy.The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals,like squirrels and wood rats.And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owls traditional territory.David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S.Geological Survey,a federal agency that studies the Earth and its natural resources.He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls:killing barred owls.It is a controversial,experimental program.More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot.Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds.He has mixed feelings about the program.Its a little distasteful,I think,to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species,he says.But he adds,“We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast.To catch barred owls,officials put digital bird callers on the ground.Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air.All of this happens in the dark of night.Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory,so they will fly down and chase other owls out.That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them.12.Whats the main problem with spotted owls?A.They are being starved to death.B.They have more babies each year.C.They are invaded by another bird.D.They are hunted by man.13.Why are barred owls being killed?A.They are eating the spotted owls.B.They are killing each other to survive.C.They are putting the spotted owls in danger.D.They are destroying large areas of forests.14.Why did the officials release the bird sounds?A.To kill barred owls.B.To puzzle barred owls.C.To protect barred owls.D.To frighten barred owls.15.What can be the best title for the text?A.Killing One Animal to Save Another.B.Keeping the Balance of Nature.C.Protecting Birds in Danger.D.Preventing Birds from Playing Fair.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Your computer,tablet,or smartphone holds a wealth of information.If you know what to look for,you have access to an unlimited number of learning resources.When used correctly,the Internet is a tool that can greatly expand your knowledge.Enroll in an online language course.Some online educational resources offer basic language classes for free._16_Find a language course that best fits your needs and begin studying to increase your comprehension._17_Online,you can access flashcards and worksheets at little-to-no cost.You can also interact with other language learners via forums.Use study resources to further strengthen your knowledge of the language,specially if youre struggling in your online course.Listen to foreign music or watch foreign films for practice.You may not be able to travel to your country of choice,but you can listen to native speakers._18_Look up the lyrics of a foreign song beforehand and listen to it several times.With every repetition,youll recognize more words.when watching a foreign movie,try one without subtitles.You may find yourself relying too much on the text instead of the audio.Read books released in the public domain.Every year,new books are available to read for free one their copyright has expired.In most European countries and the United States,books are released into the public domain approximately 70 years after the authors death._19_.Listen to audiobooks.Most books released into the public domain available as a free audiobook.If youd prefer a popular novel,you could purchase an audiobook instead._20_If you work online,you can turn one on and enjoy the storyline while multi-tasking.A.Turn to the Internet for study resources.B.After this point,you can read e-books at no cost.C.You can receive free distance learning at little-to-no cost.D.Audiobooks are a great way to absorb a novel when youre busy.E.Many respected universities offer free online lecture series on a variety of subjects.F.Few activities are as beneficial for language learning as listening to a native speaker.G.Other websites,like universities,offer comprehensive language courses at a low price.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 When she was 41 years old,Deanna Mulliganstepped back from the top of her career.Now CEO of Guardian Life Insurance,Ms.Mulligan reflects on that move：I was 41 then,when it is_21_to be the peak of ones career.At the time,taking a_22_was considered a really strange thing.People said to me,“You cant take time off.Youll never_23_on a career path.”Then I had a who_24_.It was clear at her funeral that she had made a big_25_on lots of people as a preschool teacher.I thought about my_26_at the time：Could I be a person like her?I was a senior insurance manager._27_,I didnt gain such career meaning.So for me it was time to break,and I_28_that job.I took two years off.The first year I spent much time with my family.And,I have tosay,time with_29_.Time to really be alone and think about what I had_30_and what that meant for my future.It was a big reset.The second year,I was able to_31_on what I might like to do next.After many trials,I decided finally my_32_career in insurance was my real love.I find it to be very_33_-it does help peoples lives,especially when they are at their_34_moments.So I went to work for Guardian Life Insurance,from an employee in 2008 to CEO in 2011.I didnt_35_CEO.I just wanted to lead with_36_.Now I find purpose and meaning in my job every day.Once you find it,you dont really_37_it.So it is OK to take time to_38_,as long as youre discovering whats_39_to your life.Life is not a straight line.And youll get to the right place_40_.21.A.guaranteed B.supposed C.set D.reported 22.A.prize B.breath C.trip D.break 23.A.get back B.fall down C.hold on D.grow up 24.A.gave up B.quitted office C.passed away D.lived alone 25.A.advance B.improvement C.living D.influence 26.A.life B.achievements C.change D.mood 27.A.Besides B.Still C.Instead D.Therefore 28.A.offered B.accepted C.lost D.quitted 29.A.others B.colleagues C.myself D.friends 30.A.learned B.found C.tested D.admitted 31.A.focus B.take C.insist D.feed 32.A.favorite B.o