七年级英语语法大全.pdf

七年级英语语法大全一动词 beis,am,are的用法我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are，is 跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否认，更容易，be 后 not 加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。二this，that 和 it 用法(1)this 和 that 是指示代词，it 是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用 this,距离说话人远的人或物用 that。如：This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说 this,后说 that。如：This is a pen.That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说 This is,不说That is。如：This is Helen.Helen,this is Tom.这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写,而 That is 可以缩写。如：This is a bike.Thats a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打时，介绍自己用 this,询问对方用 that。如：Hello!Is that Miss Green?喂，是格林小姐吗？Yes,this is.Whos that?是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我和“你，但英语中打时绝不可以说：I am,Are you？/Who are you?(7)在答复 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时,要用 it 代替 this 或 that。如：Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗？Yes,it is.是的，它是。Whats that?那是什么？Its a kite.是只风筝。三these 和 those 用法this,that,these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是 that 的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed.That is Lilys bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good.那些画很好。Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗？在答复主语是 these 或 those 的疑问句时，通常用 they 代替 these 或 those 以防止重复。如：Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？Yes,they are.是的，他们是。四不定冠词 a 和 ana 和 an 都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前，如：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书)；an 用在元音音素开头的名词前，如 aneraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用 a 还是用 an，那么以该修饰语的第一音素决定用 a 还是用 an。如：aclock一座钟an old clock一座旧钟a book一本书an English book一本英语书 a niceapple一个得意的苹果 an apple一个苹果五名词s 所有格单数名词后直接加“s Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother 杰夫的妈妈以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加“Teachers Day 教师节 the twins books 双胞胎的书名词不以 s 结尾的不规那么的名词复数，加“s Childrens Day 儿童节menss 所shoes 男式鞋有格表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s 表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间各自的房间，两间房子六There be 句型(1)There be 句型主要用以表达“某处某时有某人某物。其根本构造为“There be某物某人某地某时其中 there 是引导词，没有词义；主语是 be 后面的名词，be 是谓语动词，在一般现在时中 be 只用 is和 are 两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记 therebe 句型构造：There be 放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be 句型中的 be 动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be 动词，有三个，am，is 还有 are。“There be真特别，不留 am 只留俩，那就是 is 还有 are。要用 is 还是 are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。假设是单数或不可数名词用 is，否那么就用 are。如：There is a tree behind the house.There is some water水in the bottle瓶子.There are some pearsin the box.(3)注意：如果“be后的主语是由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么 be 的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻的原那么。也就是说，“be的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。假设那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用 is，是复数就用 are。如：There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and a book实用文档.on the floor.实用文档.七like 一词的用法like 用作及物动词，译为“喜欢。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much.我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v.-ing)，表示“喜欢做某事，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do)，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading,but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。八 句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即 Iwe,youyou，she,he,it they。：She is a girl.Theyare girls.(2)am，is 要变为 are。如：Im a student.We are students.(3)不定冠词 a，an 要去掉。如：He is a boy.They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple.They are apples.(5)指示代词 this，that 要变为 these，those。如：This is a box.These are boxes.九英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003 年 8 月 2 日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003 年 5 月 10 日)英语日期前介词的使用：假设指在哪一年或哪一月，那么用介词 in，假设具体到某一天，那么需用介词 on。She was born in 1989She was born in August.She was born in August 1989.She was bornon 2nd August,1989.十.名词复数：在英语里面，名词分可数名词countable noun和不可数名词uncountable noun，不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用；可数名词有单复数之分，一个的前面要用 a 或 an，eg:a pencil,a basketball,a dictionary,an egg,an ID card，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下：(1)特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记：、childchildren，manmen，footfeet，womanwomentoothteeth，sheepsheep，deerdeer(2)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s:bookbooks，penpens，carcars，mapmaps，cartooncartoons(3)以 s，x，sh，ch 结尾的词+“esboxboxes，watchwatches(4)以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词去掉“y，改成“i，再加“esfamilyfamilies，comedycomedies(5)以 f 或 fe 结 尾 的 词，先 去 掉 f 或 fe，改 成“v 再 加 esknifeknives，wifewives，handkerchiefhandkerchieves十一.时间的表达法(1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字 7:05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2)过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。以 30 分为分界限1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two3:43 seventeen to four4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12 小时制 6:00 a.m.上午 6 点 8:20 p.m.下午 8 点 20 分(4)24 小时制 13:00 13 点钟 22:15 22 点 15 分(5)15 分可用 quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用 at.at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m.十二.关于时间的问法(1)以 when 提问,“什么时候可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候？My birthday is Dec.29th.我的生日是 12月 29 日。这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home?你几点回家？I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午 4：30 回家.这里 when 问的是具体的时间。(2)具体几点我们通常用 what time 提问What time is it now?现在几点了？orWhats the time?几点了？Its 9:26.现在九点二十六。What time is it by your watch?你手表几点了？Its 8:36.Oh,Its 50 minutes late 8:36，哦，它慢了 50 分钟。What time do you get up?你几点起床？I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上 6 点起床。Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?1、be/come from:来自 2、live in Paris:住在巴黎 3、write to me soon:快点给我写信 4、play sports:运动5、speak a little French:讲一点法语 6、like going to the movies with my friends 喜欢和我朋友去看电影7、tell sb about.告诉某人关于 8、an interesting country:一个有趣的国家 9、in November 在十一月实用文档.11、like playing sports喜欢做运动 12、her favorite language她最喜欢的语言 13、write to Tom写信给汤姆14、Jolies pen pal：朱利的笔友 15、likes and dislikes:好恶、爱憎三本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。实用文档.1Canada-Canadian-English/French2France-French-French3Japan-Japanese-Japanese4Australia-Australian-English5theUnitedStates-American-English6theUnitedKingdom-British-EnghishUnit 2 Wheres the post office?Unit 2 Wheres the post office?一Asking ways:(问路)1Where is(the nearest)？最近的在哪里？2Can you tell methe way to？你能告诉我去的路吗？3How can I get to？我怎样到达呢？4Isthere near here/in the neighborhood?附近有吗？5Which is the way to？哪条是去的路？二Showing the ways:指路1.Go straight down/along this street.沿着这条街一直走。2.Turn left at the second turning.在第二个路口向左转。3.You will find it on your right.你会在你右手边发现它。4.It is about one hundred metresfrom here.离这里大约一百米远。5.Youd better take a bus.你最好坐公交车去。Youd better+动词原形三词组 1.across from 2.next to3.betweenand 4.in front of/in the front of5.behind6.turn left/right/on the left/right of/on ones left/right7.go straight 8.down/along9.in the neighborhood=nearhere10 welcome to11.take/have a walk12.at the beginning of13.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself14.have a good trip15.take a taxi16.到达：get to+地方arrive in+大地方 arrive at+小地方 reach+地方17go across/go through18on+街道的名称 at+具体门牌号+街道的名称Eg:at 6 Center StreetUnit 3 Why do you like koala bears?Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?一重点词组 1、let sb do sth.2、kind of=a bit=a little稍微、有点 6、对某人友好：be friendly to sb 7、和某人友好相处：be friendly with sb 8、like doing sth/like to do sth 10、保持安静：be/keep quiet 11、在白天：during/in the day 12、在晚上：at night=in the night 13、每天：every day 14、每天的、日常的：everyday 15、和朋友一起玩：play with ones friends 18、起床：get up 19、吃叶子：eat leavies二.交际用语2.Why does he like koalas?Because theyre kind of interesting.4.What other animals do you like?Unit 4Unit 4I want to be an actor.I want to be an actor.一短语：1、他是干什么的？：What does he do?=whats he?=Whats his job?2、和某人一起工作：work withsb3、在哪里工做：work at/in.4、为谁工作：work for.5、给某人某物：give sth to sb=give sb sth6、从谁那里得到、：get sth from.7、穿着白色的制服：wear a white uniform状态 8、穿上你的衣服：put on your coat动作9、有点危险：kind of dangerous 10、两个小偷：two thieves 11、和某人交谈：talkto/with sb 12、谈论、：talk about sb/sth 13、问某人问题：ask sb questions 14、工作得晚：work late 15、做某事迟到：be late for sth.16、出去就餐：go out to dinners18、忙于做、：be busy with sth=be busy doingsth 19、对、感兴趣：be/become interested in.20、一个有趣的工作：an interesting job 21、努力工作：work hard 22、艰辛的工作：hard work 23、一项适合你的工作：a job for you 29、想要做：want to do.30、招聘广告：want ads 31、其他年轻人：other young people 32、参加校园剧的演出：be in the school play33、需要一名医生：need a doctor 34、售货员，店员：sales assistant 37、害怕，恐怕：be afraid of 42、出去：go out 44、尽可能快地：as soon as possible 46、数钱：count money 47、有点儿危险：kind of dangerous51、在将来：in the future二重点句式及本卷须知：1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是 what；有三种主要句式 What+is/are+sb?What+does/do+sb+do?What+is/are+名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+job?2 People give me their money or get their money from me.3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimesat night.4 I like talking to people.5 I work late.Im very busy when people go out to dinners.6 Wheredoes your sister work?7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.8 Do you want to work for a magazine?Thencome and work for us as a reporter.9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?10 We are an internationalschool for children of 5-12.Unit 5 Im watching TV(现在进展时Unit 5 Im watching TV(现在进展时)现在进展时时间状语及标志性词now现在at this time在这时at the moment 现在look看后面有明显的“！listen 听后面有明显的“！二 短语：1 do ones homework做某人的作业 do housework做家务 2 talk on the phone在里交谈 3 writea letter写信=write a letter to sb给某人写信 4play with和一起玩 5watch TV看电视/TVshow6wait for sb/sth等待某人/某物 7some of中的一些 9at the mall在购物街 at/in thelibrary在图书室at/in the pool在游泳池10 read a book=read books=do some reading看书阅读11 thanksfor=thank you for为某事而感谢后接 vingUnit 6 Its raining!Unit 6 Its raining!一短语：2 take photos/pictures of sb/sth给某人或某物照相 4 work for sb/sth为某人工作 5 on vacation实用文档.度假 6 some-others-一些.另外一些./onethe others.一个.另一个.两者之间 8 on the beach在沙滩上 9this group of people这一群人 10.in this heat 在这么热的时候实用文档.二重点句型1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换)How is the weather in Beijing?(How is the weather today?)Whats the weather like in Beijing?(Whats the weather like today?)2 答复上面问题的句式：Its+adj.(形容词)Eg:Its windy.3 Hows it going(with you)?Not bad.Great!Terrible!Pretty good.4 Thank you for joining CCTVs Around The Word show.5 I am surprised they can play in this heat.6 Everyone is having a good time.7 People are wearing hats and scarfs.Unit7 What does he look like?Unit7 What does he look like?一短语1 look like 看起来像.2 curly/short/straight/long hair 卷短直发 3 medium height/build 中等高度身体 4 a little bit一点儿 6 have a new look 呈现新面貌 7 go shopping(do some shopping)去购物8 the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长 9 be popular with sb 为-所喜爱 10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 11 stop doing sth 停顿正在做的事情 13 have fun doing sth愉快地做某事 14 remember(forget)to do sth 记得忘记做某事没有做的15 remember(forget)doing sth 记得忘记做过某事已做16one of+名词复数-中的一个三重点句子1 What does/do+主语+look like?询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？2 形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说 Eg:She has long curly black hair.3 one of+名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三形式。Eg:One of his friends is a worker.4 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三形式。Eg:I can go shopping and nobody knows me.5He is(通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)He has通常为头发、五官6I dont think的用法表达否认的看1beef and tomato n 法I dont think she is good-looking.Unit 8 IUnit 8 Id like some noodlesd like some noodles一 2would like to do sth want to do sth 想要作某事 3what kind of noodles 什么种类的面条 4what sizebowl of noodles什么大小碗型的面 5a largemediumsmall bowl of noodles 大中小碗的面 6ice cream冰淇淋orange juice 桔汁green tea 绿茶RMB 人民币 phone numberUnit 9 How was your weekendUnit 9 How was your weekend1.play+运动play soccer/tennis/sports playthe+乐器play the guitarplay with和某人物玩耍2have+三餐have breakfast lunch supper 3.study for4.clean the room5.visit sb6.stay athome4go to the beachgo to the moviesgo for a walk5go shoppingdo some shopping go to the shop买东西 7on+某日morningafternoonevening in+年月季节at+时刻8what aboutnv-ingpren=howabout 呢9.spend the weekend last week度过上周的周末10 its time to do sthits time for sth该做么的时候了 11look for寻找 (find 找到 find out 查明)二，重点句型和语法1一般过去时 yesterday,last week(month,year)，ago，the day before yesterday2.whats the date today?Its 3.what dayis it today?4.Whats the weather like today?5.Howwas your weekend?8Its time to go home=Its time for homeUnit 10 Where did you go on vacation?Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?1.go on vacationgo to summer campstay at home study for examsCentral Parkshow sth to sb.help him find his fatherwalk back togo shopping the Palace Museumthink ofhave fun doingsth .bus tripthe Great WallTianan Men Square make sb do sth .decide to do sthall day二重点句子和本卷须知1Where did you go on vacation?I went to summer camp.5find sb.doing sth.发现某人在干某事find sb.do sth.发现某人干过某事(watch/hear/see)6in the corner 在角落里指在建筑物里面at the corner 在拐角处指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角7be lost 迷路了get lost,lost(adj.)8help sb.(to)do sth.help sb with(doing)sth帮助某人干某事9.make sb.do sth.让使某人干某事let/have sb.do sth.11.decide to do sth.决定干某事Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?1 TV shows 电视节目 soap opera 2.a thirteen-year-old boy.一个十三岁的男孩 4 wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服 5 interview sb.采访某人in fact.实际上 6 think of 想起，考虑到 7.cant stand(cant help doing)8.mind doingUnit 12 Dont eat in class.Unit 12 Dont eat in class.1.in class在课上2.on school nights 在上学的晚上3.school rules校规 4.no talking制止交谈5.listen to music听音乐6.have to不得不 7.take my dog for a walk带狗去散步8.eat outside在实用文档.外面吃饭 9.in the hallway在走廊上10.wear a uniform穿制服11.arrive late for class上学迟到12.after school放学后17.be in bed在床上13.practice the guitar练习弹吉它14.in thecafeteria在自助食堂里 15.meet my friends和我朋友见面16.by ten oclock.十点之前18.theChildrens Palace少年宫19.help my mom make dinner帮助我妈做饭实用文档.三 重难点解析：1.情态动词 have to 的用法，意思是必须、不得不，.be in bed 在床上、卧床.arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，迟到.No talking!制止交谈！no 后面加上名词或动名词doing也表示不要做某事。与 dont+do 的用法相似。No wet umbrellas!/Dont put wet umbrellas here!制止放湿雨伞！7语法祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，祈使句的开头是动词原形。如：Look out!小心！Wait here for me!在这等我！Be sure to come here on time!务必准时来到这里！祈使句的否认形式多以 do not常缩写成 dont开头，再加上动词原形。Dont arrive late for school.上学别迟到。Dont fight!别打架！Dont look out of the window.不要向窗外看。初一英语时态专题复习一、一般现在时：1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。1、标志：often经常,usually通常,sometimes有时,always总是,never从不,on Sundays在星期天,every day/month/year每一天/月/年2、构造：1主语+连系动词 be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态包括 There be+n.练习：1.I_(be)a student.My name_(be)Tom.2.Where _(be)my shoes?They_(be)here.3.Who _(be)the girl with long straighthair?I think she _(be)Kate .4.You andI _(notbe)in Class Six.5._(be)there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue?Yes,there_(be).6._ her parent tall?No,he_.2主语非第三人称单数+行为动词原形+其他 用助动词 do 帮助构成否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问3主语第三人称单数+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他用助动词 does 帮助构成否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句行为动词第三人称单数加-s 的形式 1.-s 2.辅音+y:study-studies 3.以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾 watch-watchesteach-teaches4 特殊 have-has do-does go-goes.1)His parents _(watch)TV every night.肯定句 1)My brother _(do)homework every day.2)His parents _(not watch)every night.否认句 2)My brother_(not do)homework every day.3)_his parents_(watch)TV every night?一般疑 3)_ your brother _ homework every day?Yes,they _.No,they _.Yes,he_.No,he _.4)When_ his parents _(watch)TV?特疑 4)When _ your brother _(do)homework?They watch TV every night.He does homework every day.二 现在进展时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进展的动作。1、标志:now现在listen看look听2、构造:主语+助动词 be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing)现在分词的构成：1.-ing:eat-eating 2.辅音字母+e:take-taking 3.sit,put,begin,run,swim,stop,get,shop,双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ing.练习：1.Jim _(take)photos in the park now.2.Jim_(not take)in the park now.3._Jim_(take)photos in the park now?Yes,he _.No,he _.4.Where _Jim _ photos now?In the park.三、一般过去时表示过去某一时候发生的动作或存在的状态。常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:yesterday;the day before yesterday;-ago;last-;in 1990,etc.二、一be 动词的一般过去时：肯定句：主语+be 动词的一般过去时was/were)否认句：主语+be 动词的一般过去时was/were)+not一般疑问句：be 动词的一般过去时was/were)+主语二there be 构造的一般过去时与动词的一般过去时的变化根本一致。三一般动词的过去时：肯定句：主语+动词的过去时 否认句：主语+did not+动词原形 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形He was here just now.他刚刚还在这里。What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事？在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如：We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。一般过去时练习写出以下动词的过去式isam_fly_plant_are _drink_play_ go_make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do实用文档._Be 动词的过去时练习(1)一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1.I _ at schoo