被动语态讲解及练习(附答案).pdf

被动语态讲解 一、被动语态得构成形式 1、被动语态得基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态得被动形式,被动语态由 be过去分词构成,be 随时态得变化而变化。以 do 为例,各种时态得被动语态形式为:1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时 例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits、2)has/have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been pleted,and were ready to start、3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer、5)had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been pleted in Beijing、6)was/were being done 过去进行时 例 A meeting was being held when I was there、7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes、8)should/would be done 过去将来时 例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived、9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例 The project will have been pleted before July、2、被动语态得特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词得被动结构。其形式为:情态动词be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter、2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中得一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语得就是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday、可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday、3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中得主语,其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette、可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette、4)在使役动词 have,make,get 以及感官动词 see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building、可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building、3、非谓语动词得被动语态 v、+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态)。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public、二、It is said that+从句及其她类似句型 It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道,It is believed that大家相信,It is hoped that大家希望,It is well known that众所周知,It is thought that大家认为,It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam、(The boy is said to have passed the national exam、)三、谓语动词得主动形式表示被动意义 1、英语中有很多动词如 break,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常就是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well、注意:主动语态表被动强调得就是主语得特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成得影响。试比较:The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”就是人得原因)2、表示“发生、进行”得不及物动词与短语,如:happen,take place,e out,e true,等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers e out?这些报纸就是如何印出来得呢？3、系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官得连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable 四、非谓语动词得主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式得主动形式表被动意义。1.在 need,want,require,等词得后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式得被动形式。例 The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。2.形容词 worth 后面跟动名词得主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式得被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading.(The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)3、动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式得主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do 与 things 就是动宾关系,与 I 就是主谓关系。)试比较:Ill go to the post office、Do you have a letter to be posted?(此处用不定式得被动语态作定语表明 you 不就是 post 动作得执行者。)被动语态专项练习 选择题 1、_ a new library _ in our school last year?A、Is;built B、Was;built C、Does;build D、Did;build 2、An accident _ on this road last week、A、has been happened B、was happened C、is happened D、happened 3、Cotton _ in the southeast of China、A、is grown B、are grown C、grows D、grow 4、So far,the moon _ by man already、A、is visited B、will be visited C、has been visited D、was visited 5、A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week、A、is given B、has been given C、will be given D、gives 6、A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now、A、are doing B、are being done C、has been done D、will be done 7、The doctor _ for yet、A、isnt sent B、hasnt been sent C、wont be sent D、wasnt sent 8、-When _ this kind of puter_?-Last year、A、did;use B、was;used C、is;used D、are;used 9、Who _ this book _?A、did;written B、was;written by C、did;written D、was;written 10、Mary _ show me her new dictionary、A、has asked to B、was asked to C、is asked D、asks to 11、A story _ by Granny yesterday、A、was told us B、was told to us C、is told us D、told us 12、The monkey was seen _ off the tree、A、jump B、jumps C、jumped D、to jump 13、Older people _ well、A、looks after B、must be looked after C、must look after D、looked after 14、Our teacher _ carefully、A、should be listened to B、should be listen C、be listened D、is listened 15、In some part of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar、A、is serving B、is served C、serves D、served 16、It was reported that the murderer _ arrested、A、has been B、had been C、has D、had 17、Do you think that the bridge _ in a year?A、would be pleted B、will be pleted C、had been pleted D、is being pleted 18、Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949、A、have taken place;was founded B、has taken place;was founded C、have been taken place;founded D、took place;founded 19、Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?She has _ by her classmates、A、laughed B、laughed at C、been laughed D、been laughed at 20、Doctors _ in every part of the world、A、need B、are needing C、are needed D、will need 21、I promise that matter will _、A、be taken care B、be taken care of C、take care D、take care of 22、No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building、A、been given B、given C、to give D、be given 23、I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer、A、gave B、was given C、was giving D、had given 24、Can such a thing _ happening again?A、prevent from B、prevented from C、be prevented from D、to prevent from 25、A new house _ at the corner of the road、A、is building B、is being built C、been built D、be building 26、This bike _ last year、A、bought B、has been bought C、was bought D、had been bought 27、Did you see the house that _ by fire last year?A、was destroying B、destroyed C、would destroy D、was destroyed 28、It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital、A、hasnt been decided B、isnt deciding C、doesnt decide D、hasnt decided 29、The pen _ me、It is hers、A、isnt belong to B、wasnt belong to C、doesnt belong to D、didnt belong to 30、I cant use my bike because it _、A、is repairing B、is being repaired C、will repair D、was repairing 31、The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _、A、was expected;heard B、had expected;hear、C had hoped;hear D、was hoped;heard 32.The window is dirty、I know、It _ for weeks、A、hasnt cleaned B、didnt clean C、wasnt cleaned D、hasnt been cleaned 33、By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing、A、would be pleted B、was being pleted C、has been pleted D、had been pleted 34、How long _ at this job?Since 1990、A、were you employed B、have you been employed C、had you been employed D、will you be employed 35、What happened to the priceless works of art?_、A、They were destroyed in the earthquake B、The earthquake was destroying them C、They destroyed in the earthquake D、The earthquake destroyed them 36、This is Teds photo、We miss him a lot、He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake、A、killed B、is killed C、was killed D、was killing 37、Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future、A、cut B、are cut C、are being cut D、had been cut 38、Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly、A、is changing B、has changed C、C、will have changed D、will change 39、Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes、A、lose B will be lost C、are lost D、will lose 40、A new cinema _ here、They hope to finish it next month、A、will be built B、is built C、has been built D、is being built 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D