2021届临沂市第五中学高三英语下学期期末试题及参考答案.pdf

2021 届临沂市第五中学高三英语下学期期末试题及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Bob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman,they write“The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.”College is a more pressured environment than it used to be,in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased.Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex,drugs and alcohol.Most dont know how to manage their time or money.They often feel lonely and overwhelmed,resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin,director of clinical service for student-counseling(咨询)services at Iowa State University,says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life.She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that arent easily defined or fixed.And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently.For example,by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars.The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course.“Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,”they say.Many homesick freshmen think theyll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving.So parents can help by letting them know theyre welcome to return if they feel the need.In the meantime,parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids.One of the best ways is e-mail.Its less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1.Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A.Because they often fail in exams.B.Because they lack time and money.C.Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D.Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.2.In the last paragraph,it is suggested that _.A.parents should stop buying anything for their kids B.parents should develop a good relationship with their kids C.parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kids D.parents should work with high schools in college-life courses 3.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Hard Life of College Freshmen B.Approaches to Trouble in College C.Freshmens Adaptation Problems D.A Strange Phenomenon in College B It is not only praise or punishment that determines a childs level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example,we can say to a child“Dont run into traffic！”or“Stay on the footpath close to me.”In using the latter,you will be helping your kids to think and act positively,and to feel competent in a wide range of situations,because they know what to do,and arent scaring themselves with what not to do.Actually,it is all in the way the human mind works.What we think,we automatically rehearse.For example,if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes,you wouldnt be able to do it.When a child is told“Dont fall off the tree，”he will think of two things：“dont”and“fall off the tree”.That is,he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use“Hold on to the tree carefully.”Clear,positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe,or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam,hold on firmly to the side of the boat”is much more useful than“Dont you dare to fall out of the boat？”or“How do you think Ill feel if you drown？”The changes are small but the difference is obvious.Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words,so it pays to be positive.4.Positive choice of words helps kids to _.A.learn in different situations B.do things carefully C.build up their confidence D.improve their imagination 5.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.A child will act on what is instructed.B.One cant help imagining what is heard.C.A child will fall off the tree when told not to.D.One wont think of a blue monkey when given money.6.Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?A.How do you think Ill feel if you get hurt?B.Dont play by the lake.C.Dont you dare to walk through the red light?D.Fasten your seat belt.7.The main idea of the passage is that _.A.positive instructions guide kids B.praise makes kids confident C right instructions keep kids safe D.clear commands make kids different C Sport is not only physically challenging,but can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches,parents and other teammates,as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress canbe physical,emotional,or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can,for example,learn how to cooperate with others,make friends,and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware,at all times,that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In todays youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters performances.Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive support motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again,criticism can create high levels of stress,which can lead to burnout.8.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is_.A.to make sport less competitive B.to increase their sense of success C.to reduce their mental stress D.to make sport more challenging 9.According to the passage,sport is positive for young people in that_.A.it can help them learn more about society B.it enables them to find faults in themselves C.it can provide them with valuable experiences D.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 10.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_.A.believing that criticism does good to their early development B.without realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidence C.in order to make them remember lifes lessons D.so as to put more pressure on them 11.According to the passage parents and coaches should_.A.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sport B.help children to win every game C.train children to cope with stress D.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sport D Cuckoos dont bother building their own neststhey just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests.But other birds are wishing up,evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know asparasites,meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species.To avoid detection,the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets.If the host bird doesnt notice the strange egg in its nest,the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out,taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young,the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes,which were only now beginning to fully understand.One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes,which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can.This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly,were actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos.For instance,some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts.The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts,and yet they are still sometimes rejected.Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks.While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs,their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots.And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts,but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion.Whats remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good,and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection,or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks.Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they dont want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.12.This passage can be most likely found in a _.A.science survey B.nature magazine C.zoo advertisement D.travel journal 13.What does the underlined word“parasite”in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A.Animals that work together to raise young.B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C.Animals that can adapt to changing environments.D.Animals which live on or inside other host animals.14.Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A.It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.B.It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C.It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D.It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.15.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B.Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C.Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D.It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnocks egg.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 How To Cultivate Your Confidence Self-confidence,the combination of self-efficacy and self-esteem,is an essential part of humanity.A person with self-confidence generally is willing to take risks to achieve his personal goals.Someone who lacks self-confidence,however,is less likely to feel that he can achieve his goals._16_ Identify your negative thoughts,Your negative thoughts might sound like this:“I cant do that,”“I will surely fail”.This inner voice is pessimistic and unhelpful and will hold you back from achieving high self-esteem and greater self-confidence.Turn your negative thoughts to positive thoughts._17_This may take the form of positive affirmations,such as“I am going to try it,”“I can be successful if I work at it,”or“people will listen to me.”Start with just a few positive thoughts a day.Refuse to allow negative thoughts to occur more often than positive thoughts.Eventually,your positive thoughts should be given more“brain space”than your negative thoughts._18_ _19_Avoid spending time around things that can make you feel bad about yourself again.These might be reminders from the past,clothing that no longer fits,or places that dont fit with your new goals of gaining confidence.Though you may not be able to get rid of every negative source in your life,you can certainly think about how to cut your losses._20_ A.Get away from your past.B.Rid reminders of your negativity.C.This will go a long way in building up your self-confidence.D.This means that you can have an abundance of self-confidence.E.The more your positive thoughts get,the less your negative thoughts get.F.As you pay attention to your negative thoughts,turn them around to positive thoughts.G.The good news is that self-confidence is something that you can build on your own.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 How far would you go to help a friend?Jeremy Savage,aged 17,and Ian Marshall,aged 16,both fromCanada,had their friendship tested to the limit on a recent trip to theRocky Mountainswith their parents.On Saturday morning,the two boys decided to_21_CathedralMountainby themselves while their parents relaxed at the_22_.After three hours,they reached the_23_and enjoyed the beautiful view from the mountaintop._24_,trouble began when they started the climb down.On one very dangerous part of the mountain,Ian_25_three metres off the side of the path.Jeremy climbed down to where Ian was and found him badly injured and not able to_26_.Jeremy had to decide what to do.He needed help but he did not want to leave his friend.He_27_the dirt and blood from Ians face and hands,and then tried to help Ian stand up,but Ians right leg was hurting too much.They had to_28_and hope that help would come.Meanwhile,as darkness started to fall,their parents back at the campsite became very_29_that the boys had not returned.They got in touch with park workers and began_30_for the boys.Soon more than 20 people were looking for them onCathedralMountain.While they waited for_31_,Jeremy gave Ian his food and water and let him lie on his jacket.As the evening grew_32_and the temperature dropped,Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy_33_did not leave.He thought it was too dangerous for Ian to be_34_on such a cold,windy night.Jeremy used his jacket and an extra shirt to keep Ian_35_and they rested together through the night.At sunrise,Jeremy_36_that the only way to help his friend was to carry him down the mountain.So,they started the long climb back to the campsite.Sometimes Jeremy carried Ian on his back.Sometimes he carried him in his arms._37_,after four long and tiring hours,they came_38_their relieved parents,who were still looking for them on the mountain.“I will always remember what Jeremy did for me,”said Ian