一般现在时知识点.pdf
一一 般般 现现 在在 时时 基基 本本 用用 法法 介介 绍绍：一、一般现在时的功能：（一）表示经常性发生或反复发生习惯性的动作；这种用法中经常用到：often 经常,usually 通常,always 总是，every 每个,sometimes 有时，at在几点钟，等做时间状语，也可以说,这是一个一般现在时语法的特征。如：I usually get up at six.（表示经常性的事情。）He often has dinner at home.（经常性事情）They always go to school on foot.他们总是步行去上学。（“总是”表示经常性的事情）（二）表示事物或人物（主语）的现在的特征、状态，这种情形下，通常不带时间状语。如：She likes bread,but she doesntlike pizza.Do you speak EnglishThe sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。He works in a big company.他在一家大公司工作。（三）表示客观现实、客观真理、科学事实、格言等；如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。There are four seasons in a year.The sun always rises in the east.Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。（四）表示将来。如：1.表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的到了时间就会发生的事情或动作：The train arrives at 10:30.There isstill plenty of time.火车 10:30 才会到达，还有足够多的时间。She comes back next week.她下周就会回来的。2在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时.I will give you some candy whenwe meet next week.If he arrives,please give me aphone call.二、一般现在时构成：（一）含有 be 动词的一般现在时；This is a red skirt.This is a T-shirt.Its redThese are trousers.Theyre black.The trousers and the T-shirt arenice.This is the way I read a book,ona Tuesday Morning小贴士：小贴士：1.Be 动词：也就是：amisare2.am用在第一人称：“I”后面；3.is 的用法：（1）is用在 hesheit等第三人称单数的主语后面；（三单：“不是你，不是我，只有一个！”一般现在时时才变化）比如：He、she、it、Li Ming、XiaoHong、this、that 以及 this、that 修饰的部分后面等等，但是 Li Ming and Xiao Hong这就不是第三人称单数了，而是复数应该用：are（2）不可数的名词做成分用到 be 动词时也要用：is3.are的用法：（1）第一人称复数：we；（2）第二人称即：you(单数、复数的后面)；（3）第三人称复数they 后面、以及these，those或 these，those 修饰的部分等，表示复数的地方也就是说：也就是说：记住记住 amamis is 应该用的地方应该用的地方就可以了，别的地方都是用的就可以了，别的地方都是用的 areare。This is a dress.This is 这是These are socks.These are 这些是These are new shorts.This is a new dress.These are his shoesThis is her skirt.The trousers are nice.The trousers and the T-shirt arenice.（二）不含有 be 动词，即含有实意动词的一般现在时；这里只有一个需要记住的地方：就是这里只有一个需要记住的地方：就是第三人称单数的第三人称单数的后面，动词要加“后面，动词要加“-s-s”或“”或“-es-es”，别”，别的地方就只用动词原形就可以了。的地方就只用动词原形就可以了。（三单：“不是你，不是我，只有一三单：“不是你，不是我，只有一个！”个！”一般现在时时才变化）举例：I like the shirt and the skirt.In the evening,I do my homework.In the evening,he does hishomework.In the evening,she does herhomework.In the evening,they do theirhomework.In the evening,Su Hai and SuYang do theirhomework.In the evening,Su Yang do hishomework.In the evening,the girls/the boysdo their homework.二、一般现在时句子的变化：否定句、二、一般现在时句子的变化：否定句、疑问句疑问句,特殊疑问句，特殊疑问句，其中特殊疑问句其中特殊疑问句放在后面介绍。放在后面介绍。否定句：简单来说，就是表示否定的句子。一般疑问句：一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是只用yes（是）或no（否）来回答的句子。特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why 等。（一）（一）含有含有 bebe 动词的一般现在时动词的一般现在时的变化（含有情态的变化（含有情态助动词）。情态助动词：助动词）。情态助动词：cancan1)1)否定句：否定句：主语主语+be+be动词动词（情态动词）（情态动词）+not+not+其它。其它。如：He is a worker.He is not aworker.I can show you.I cant showyou.2)2)一般疑问句：一般疑问句：将将 bebe 动词动词（情态动词）（情态动词）提到句子前面即可，即：提到句子前面即可，即：BeBe（情态动（情态动词）词）+主语主语+其它。其它。He is a worker.He is not aworker.Is he not a workerYes,he is.No,he isnt.I can show you.I cant showyou.Can you show meYes,I can.No,I cant.I am a student.I am not astudent.Are you a student肯定回答：Yes，I am./否定回答：No,Im not.These are my friends.They arenot my friends.Are they your friendsYes,they are.No,they arent.（二）含有实意动词的句子（二）含有实意动词的句子1.1.否定句：否定句：主语主语+dont(doesnt)+dont(doesnt)+壮语壮语+动词原形动词原形(+(+其它、其它、时间或地点壮时间或地点壮语语)。这里需要记住几点：这里需要记住几点：（1）主语“三单”时，要用助动词doesnt；（2）主语+dont(doesnt)后面要加动词原形，即：去掉三单时动词后面的（s 或 es）。当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt 构成否定句。主语+doesnt/I dont+动词原形（动词原来形状）如：He doesnt often play.I dont like bread.2.2.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Do(Does)+Do(Does)+主语主语+壮语壮语+动词原形动词原形+其它。其它。这里的“Do(Does)”只是为了帮助形成一般疑问句，没有实际意思！这里需要注意几点：这里需要注意几点：（1）当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does 替换 do构成一般疑问句。（2）主语三单时，句子中的动词要变为动词原形。如：-Do you often play football肯定形式：Yes,I do.否定形式：No,I dont.如：-Does she go to work by bike肯定形式回答：Yes,she does.否定回答：No,she doesnt.3.3.小贴士：小贴士：（这里是平时我们注意积累的地方，可以把我们平时的积累、感悟记在这里！）（1 1）“含有“含有 bebe 动词的一般现在时”动词的一般现在时”这里句型的变化上边已经说过，但是这里句型的变化上边已经说过，但是并不局限于一般现在时！更为准确的并不局限于一般现在时！更为准确的表达是：表达是：含有含有 bebe（amam、is is、areare、waswas、werewere）动词的句子，将其提到句首，）动词的句子，将其提到句首，句末打上问号即可；句末打上问号即可；（2 2）一般疑问句的回答，开头往往是）一般疑问句的回答，开头往往是yesyes 或或 nono。也就是说，只要能看出是一般疑问句，也就是说，只要能看出是一般疑问句，那么它的回答开头往往就是那么它的回答开头往往就是 yesyes 或或nono；（3 3）如遇第一人称，最好将其变成第）如遇第一人称，最好将其变成第二人称；二人称；举例：I am a teacher.否定句：I am not a teacher.一般疑问句：Are you a teacher肯定回答：Yes，I am.否定回答：No,Im not.My father is a teacher.否定句：My father is not a teacher.一般疑问句：Is your father a teacher肯定回答：Yes，he is.否定回答：No,he isnt（4 4）在一般疑问句和否定句中，要表）在一般疑问句和否定句中，要表达“一些”时达“一些”时，somesomeanyany；但是，；但是，如果这个问句是用来表达如果这个问句是用来表达“建议、请“建议、请求、邀请”等交际功能时求、邀请”等交际功能时，而且希望，而且希望听到肯定回答时，应该用听到肯定回答时，应该用 some.some.Is there any tea in the cupDo you have any childrenMay I have some fishWould you like some teaShall we buy some vegetablesCan I borrow some money fromyouWhy not have some breadHow about some orange juice（三）特殊疑问句：（三）特殊疑问句：构成：构成：疑问词疑问词+一般疑问句，一般疑问句，同时注意同时注意去掉划线部分。去掉划线部分。如：Where is my bikeHow does your father go to workI usually play football on Fridayafternoon.When do you usually play footballI usually play football on Fridayafternoon.What do you usually do on FridayafternoonWho is singingWho often helps your mother（四）一般现在时中,动词+s 的变化规则即：动词三单的变化规律：（三单：“不是你，不是我，只有一个！”一般现在时时才变化）动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。1.一般动词在词尾加-s，-s 在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音或元音后读z。如：helphelpsknowknowsgetgetsreadreads2.以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或有些以字母否定句：They are not my parents.他们不是我的父母。否定句：The boy is not drawing apicture now.一般疑问句：Are they your parents一般疑问句：Is the boy drawing ao 结尾的动词加-es，guessguesses?fixfixesteachteaches washwashesbrush-brushes注意：gogoes?dodoes3.以字母 y 结尾的动词，有两种情形：1）以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，先变 y为 i，再加-es，carrycarries，flyflies2）字母y 前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s。playplayssaysays举例说明：举例说明：1.They are my parents.他们是我的父母；他们是你的父母吗？肯定回答：Yes，they are.否定回答：No,they arent.2.They are playing basketballover there.他们正在那边玩足球；否定句：They are not playingbasketball over there.一般疑问句：Are they playingbasketball over there.肯定回答：Yes,they are.否定回答：No,they arent.3.The boy is drawing a picturenow.picture now.肯定回答：Yes,he is.否定回答：No,he isnt.4.I am going to do myhomework.否定句：I am not going to do myhomework.一般疑问句：Are you going to doyour homework肯定回答：Yes,I am.否定回答：No,Im not.5.There is a bike behind the tree.否定句：There isnt a bike behindthe tree.一般疑问句:Is there a bike behindthe tree.Yes,there is.No,there isnt.6.There are some pencils in mypencil box.否定句：There are not any pencilsin my pencil box.一般疑问句：Are there any pencilsin your pencil box.肯定回答：Yes,there are.否定回答：No,there arent.7.There are some fish in thewater.(这里的 fish 是鱼的意思是可数名词所以用 are，只不过是名词的单复数形式相同而已。)否定句：There are not any fish inthe water.一般疑问句：Are there any fish inthe water肯定回答：Yes,there are.否定回答：No,there arent.8.There is some water on Mars.(英m?z)火星否定句：There is not any water onMars.一般疑问句:Is there any water onMars(这里的 water 是不可数名词,所以用is.)肯定回答：Yes,there is.否定回答：No,there isnt.9.Jenny can speak Enlish 珍妮会说英语。否定句：Jenny cant speak EnglishCan Jenny speak English。肯定回答：Yes,she can./Yes,Jennycan.否定回答：No,she can t./No Jennycant.10.I like English.He likesEnglish.否定句：I dont like English.He doesnt likes English.Do you like EnglishDoes helike English肯定回答：Yes,I do.否定回答：No,I dontYes,he does.No,he doesnt.11.I do my homework everyday.这里的单词 do 是行为、实意动词是“做什么”的意思。否定句：Idontmy homeworkevery day.一般疑问句：Do you do yourhomework every day.“你每天做作业吗？”这里的前面的“Do”是助动词，后边的“do”是行为动词，是干什么，做什么的意思。就像：“What do you usually do onsundays”Yes,I do.No,I dont.12.Li Ming usually waters theflowers every day.Li Ming doesnt usually water theflowers every day.Does Li Ming usually water theflowers everydayYes,he does.No,he doesnt.Li Ming usually waters the flowersevery day.Where does Li Ming water theflowersLi Ming usually waters the flowersevery day.What does Li Ming do everyday(将Ling Ming 换成：I、We、They、She、He、Tom、Ling Mingsmother、Ling Mings parents、Xiao Hong and Ling Ming逐一做一遍练习)13.Is this your cap,DannyNo!Its Kims cap.14.Are these your glovesNo.Theyre Li Taos gloves.15.Are these your glovesYes,they are.No,they arent.16.This is a dress.These aresocks.Are these her shortsIs this her dressYes,it is.No,it isnt.17.These are new shorts.Are these her shortsYes,they are.No,they arent.Are these his shortsYes,they are.No,they arent.18.Is this her dressYes,it is.No,it isnt.Is this his capYes,it is.No,it isnt.Are these his shoesYes,they are.No,they arent。Is this her skirt？Yes,it isNo,it isnt.Are these her trousersYes,they are.No,they arent.19.Whatishe/shewearing他（她）穿着什么衣服？(1)He is wearing a green sweater.He isnt wearing a green sweater.Is he wearing a green sweaterYes,he is.No,he isnt.What is he wearing(2)She is wearing a green sweater.She isnt wearing a greensweater.Is she wearing a green sweaterYes,she is.No,she isnt.What is hewearing(3)I am wearing a green sweater.I am not wearing blue trousers.Are you wearing a green sweaterYes,I am.No,Im not.and Ling Ming、Ling Ming 逐一做What are you wearing一遍练习)(4)I want to buy some books.（三单：“不是你，不是我，只有一I dont want to buy some books.个！”一般现在时时才变化）Do you want to buy any books.肯定回答：Yes,I do.否定回答：No,I dontWhat do you want to buy(5)He wants to buy some books.He doesntwant to buy somebooks.Does he want to buy some books.Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.What does he want to buy(换成：I、We、They、She、He、Tom、Ling Mings mother、LingMings parents、Xiao Hong
