专题08阅读理解词义猜测题冲关模拟训练备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈解析.pdf

.word 格式.专业.专注 .备战 2018 年高考英语大题冲关秘笈 专题 08 冲关模拟训练 题组一 Passage1（2018 届河北省五个一联盟高三模拟考试）话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 最悲哀的两个单词 if only 355 5 分钟 Two of the saddest words in the English language are“if only”.I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words,because they convey regret,lost opportunities,mistakes,and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying,“Take the extra minute to do it right.”I always try to live by the“extra minute”rule.When my children were young and likely to cause accidents,I always thought about what I could do to avoid an“if only”moment,whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a computer,or something that required a little more work such as taping padding(衬垫)onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I dont only avoid those“if only”moments when it comes to safety.Its equally important to avoid“if only”in our personal relationships.We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say“I love you”or“I forgive you”.When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday,I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldnt be there.But then I thought about the fact that hes 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give up an opportunity to see him.I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.word 格式.专业.专注 .I know there will still be occasions when I have to say“if only”about something,but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality(可能发生的事).And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right,or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection,I know that Im doing the right thing.Im buying myself peace of mind and thats the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.1.Which of the following is an example of the“extra minute”rule?A.Start the car the moment everyone is seated.B.Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.C.Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.D.Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.2.The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to _.A.keep her appointment with the eye doctor B.meet her father who was already an old man C.join in the holiday celebration of the company D.finish her work before the deadline approaching 3.The underlined word“foregone”in Paragraph 3 is closed in meaning to“_”.A.abandoned B.lacked C.avoided D.wasted 4.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Emotional Well-being B.The Two Saddest Words C.The Most Useful Rule D.The Peace of Mind【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲解的是作者对于最悲哀的两个单词 if only 的理解及看法。.word 格式.专业.专注 .1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“When my children were young and likely to cause accidents,I always thought about what I could do to avoid an if only moment,”可知，“extra minute”指的是“在发生意外之前防患于未然”，D 项（在一个东西绊倒某人之前将它拿走）符合。故选 D。3.A 【解析】猜测词义题。根据 foregone 所在句子“We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say I love you or I forgive you.”中的 lost及 regretted 可知此词与 opportunity 搭配翻译成“放弃机会”，故选 A。学科网 4.B 【解析】标题判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Two of t he saddest words in the English language are if only.”及文章大意，可知本文主要针对最悲哀的两个单词 if only 展开话题进行讲解，故选 B。Passage2（2018 届江西省红色七校高三第一次联考）话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 跷二郎腿对身体有害 303 6 分钟 Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit;most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down.While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other,it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance,making it even harder for the blood to circulate.This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart.You wont feel any immediate effects,but repeated,drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues.So,planning to sit for a long period of.word 格式.专业.专注 .time?Dont keep your legs crossed.Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg,explains Richard Graves,a medical expert.This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹)of some of the muscles in your foot and leg,preventing you from being able to raise your anklewhat we know as that“pins and needles”sensation.While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two,repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.So next time you sit down,try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.Not only will it help your posture and stability,but it will also save your health in the long run.1.What can we learn about crossing ones legs?A.It is a very bad social habit.B.It is usually practiced deliberately.C.It can make others feel uncomfortable.D.It can do harm to peoples health.2.According to the study,sitting with your legs crossed can_.A.resist gravity effectively B.affect your blood pressure C.lead to heart attacks easily D.improve the function of legs 3.In the third paragraph pins and needles probably means_.A.serious muscle injuries B.being a little nervous C.slight sharp pains D.being highly flexible 4.What is the main purpose of the text?A.To give readers some advice.word 格式.专业.专注 .B.To compare common habits.C.To evaluate effects of an experiment.D.To introduce research methods.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。学#科网 4.A 【解析】文章意图题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down,try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。Passage3（2018 届福建省百所重点校高三年上学期联合考试）话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 Sir Nicholas Winton 在纳粹期间帮助 669 个犹太孩子逃到英国的故事 339 5 分钟 .word 格式.专业.专注 .The story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen.Sir Nicholas Winton was a British man who went to heroic efforts,potentially putting himself at risk,during World War II.Sir Winton was responsible for ensuring the safety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escape from countries occupied by Nazis.Finally,the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.Recently,this unbelievable story has again been making the rounds on the Internet,particularly after a rerun of the BBC show called“Thats Life”,which featured Sir Winton.People around the world were moved at the details of the story,with saying it to be the best story theyve ever seen.Sir Winton kept his entire plan completely secret,even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later.After the war,years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Wintons extraordinary achievement.Some fifty years later,his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Wintons notebook which documented the names of all the children.She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode(插曲)of their program“Thats Life”that served as an honor for Sir Wintons work.In 2003,Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work.He also was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize.He also had a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers.Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six,in 2015.Leaders around the world paid tribute(悼念).Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom,Daniel Taub,said,“He was a hero of our time,having saved 669 Jewish children from Nazis.His story,as a point of light in a period of darkness,will forever be remembered.”1.What happened to the 669 Jewish children?.word 格式.专业.专注 .A.They were killed by Nazis.B.They returned to their own homes.C.They fled to their native countries.D.They were raised by English families.2.What made Wintons story spread widely?A.Peoples chatting online.B.The program“Thats Life”.C.His wifes promotion.D.Praises from some leaders.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined expression“remained in the dark,in Paragraph 3?A.felt doubtful B.remained moved C.knew nothing D.criticized something 4.What do we know about Winton?A.He was born in 1909.B.Nazis tried to arrest him.C.He named a small planet.D.Many children paid tribute to him.【文章大意】文章主要讲述 Sir Nicholas Winton 在纳粹期间帮助 669 个犹太孩子逃到英国的故事。如今而且 BBC 把这一故事搬上荧幕，让大众知道在黑暗时期还有这样一个英雄给人们带来光明。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Finally,the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.”可知，669 个犹太人孩子被带到了英国，并由英国家庭收养。故选 D。3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的句意可知，Sir Nicholas Winton 一直对自己的英雄事迹保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此处应为不为人们所知道。故选。.word 格式.专业.专注 .4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six,in 2015.”可知，Sir Winton 生于 1909 年。故选。Passage4（2018 届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班第四次模拟考试）话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 美国家庭移民历史中心 328 6 分钟 The American Family Immigration History Center is an exciting new interactive area at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum where more than 100 million Americans may search for their familys beginnings in the New World.Now,for the first time,the passengers records of the ships that landed some 22 million immigrants,crewmembers and other passengers at the Port of New York and Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924 have been computerized,making it easier than ever to discover your own family history.Five years in the making,the center was developed and funded by the Statue of the LibertyEllis Island Foundation,Inc.,which was responsible for the restoration and preservation of the Statue of the Liberty and Ellis Island,and the creation of the Immigration Museum.For visitors to the Museum,the excitement begins at a welcoming kiosk where you can enter ancestors names and see if their arrival records are included in the database and are available in the History Center in the Museums West Wing.Once inside the Center itself,in the very place where your ancestors(grandgrandparents)may have ended their long journey,you and your family can log on the one of 41 computers,type in name,and,within seconds,set in motion your own special journey of discovery.Imagine the excitement youll share with your family as you use the latest technology to sort through a vast computerized archive(档案馆)with millions of records,and see your familys own personal story in America come to life before your eyes.word 格式.专业.专注 .Millions of hours were spent creating this vast database and,if you find your ancestors names,youll discover answers to questions youve always wondered about.What ship did my family members take?When did they arrive?How old were they?Were they married?Then,take these valuable records and create your own Family History Scrapbook,preserving forever the story of the past while keeping the legacy of your family alive.1.Why is it easier for visitors to find their family histories in the History Center?A.More clerks are employed there.B.All of its documents are computerized.C.Facilities of the museum are restored.D.Workers are more creative than before.2.Who sponsors the restoration of the American Family Immigration History Center?A.Families whose family histories are kept here.B.National Park Service in the United States.C.Local government and visitors to the Museum.D.The Statue of LibertyEllis Island Foundation,Inc.3.The word“kiosk”in the passage is most probably_.A.a museum assistant B.an advertisement C.a selfservice device D.a receptionist 4.In which part of a newspaper would this passage most probably be found?A.Science.B.Entertainment.C.Life.D.Travel.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国家庭移民历史中心，数以亿计的美国人可以在这里找到他们的家庭。.word 格式.专业.专注 .1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“have been computerized,making it easier than ever to discover your own family history.”可知，参观者容易找到家庭历史是因为所有的档案都是电脑化的。学&科网 3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“where you can enter ancestors names and se e if their arrival records are included in the database and are available in the History Center in the Museums West Wing.”可知，画线词指的是一种供参观者查看数据库中家庭历史信息的自助服务设备。4.D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国家庭移民历史中心，数以亿计的美国人可以在这里找到他们的家庭，是关于移民话题的，因此最有可能出现在报纸的旅行版面中。题组二 Passage1(2017 届河南省新乡市第一中学高三模考)话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 大黄蜂有学习能力 304 5 分钟 Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黄蜂)to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群体)showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments,often used to test the intelligence of apes(猿)and birds,showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task,and can also pass skills on through several generations.The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for culture spread the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills may not be exclusive to humans.word 格式.专业.专注 .In the research,published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday,the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.The strings were attached to discs or artificial flowers containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen.The bees,spotting the food beneath the screen,learned to pull the flowers out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training,only two of 110 were successful.Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings,and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill.Finally,trained bees were put in colonies,and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colonys worker bees.Lars Chittka,a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project,said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.1.What does the underlined word exclusive in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Ordinary.B.Unique.C.Beneficial.D.Widespread.2.What did the researchers find about bees?A.Bees learn best in insects.B.Bees are as clever as birds.C.Bees are born good learners.D.Bees can be trained to learn skills.3.What may the research team focus on next?A.What else bees can do.word 格式.专业.专注 .B.Where bees learn skills.C.How bees teach others.D.How bees brain work.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Small bees,great abilities B.Bees can learn and teach C.Bees are smarter D.Let bees learn【文章大意】本文为