八年级英语人版goforit((上册))知识点汇总.pdf

八年级上册英语知识重点复习 Unitl Where did you go on vacation?短语搭配：1.buy sth for ab./buy sb.sth 为某人买某物 2.taste+adj.尝起来.3.nothing-.but+V.（原形）除了.之外什么都没有 4.seem+（to be）+adj 看起来 5.arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方 到达某地 6.decide to do sth.决定做某事 记做过某事 重难点精练 1.复合不定代词或副词的构成及用法 构成：由 some,any,no,every 分别加上-body,-thing,-one 构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上-where 构成副词。用法：(1)不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is nothing wrong with the TV.Everybody likes reading.(2)some-不定代词，通常用丁肯定句中；any-不定代词则多用丁否定句、疑问句中。但 some-可用丁表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中 Someone is calling me.There isn t anyone else there.Is anybody over there?Could you give me something to eat?（3）形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。There is something delicious on the table.巩固练习：.I can t hear anything=I can hear.There is on the floor.Please pick it up.No one how to do it.A.know B.knows C.knowing D.knew .There s in the newspaper.You should read it.A.important something B.something boring C.boring something D.something important.2.arrive in 到达+大地方（国家 省 市）arrive at 到达+小地方（机场 商店等）get to 到达+地方 reach 到达+地方 练习：The Smiths New York at 8:00 last night.A.arrived at B.got to C.reach D.arrived 3.try to do sth.意为 ry doing sth.意为 We shouldn t try（study）English,we should try（study）English.7.try doing sth.9.want to do sth.11.stop doing sth.13.dislike doing sth.15.so+adj+that+要）做某事 17.keep doing sth.尝试做某事/try to do sth.尽力做某事 8.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 想去做某事 10.start doing sth.开始做某事 停止做某事 12.look+adj 看起来 不喜欢做某事 14.Why not do sth.为什么不做.呢？从句 如此.以至丁.16.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人(不 继续做某事 18.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth 心、4.I felt like I was a bird.（翻译）.feel like 一意为 后常接.另外 feel like 还意为 Do you feel like a cup of tea?5.I wonder what life was like here in the past.(翻译)wonder 为及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词(who,what,why)引导的从句。I wonder _ you are doing.（我想知道你正在做什么。）6.为太多，后接可数,词复数；+不可数名词（money;_ 为太后接形容词或副词（big）Unit 2 How often do you exercise?惯用法：1.help sb.with sth 2.How about-?3.want sb.to do sth.4.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句 5.主语+find+that 从句 6.It s+adj.+to do sth.7.spend time with sb.8.ask sb.about sth.9.by doing sth.10.What s your favorite-.?II start doing sth.12.the best way to do sth.帮助某人做某事.怎么样？/.好不好？想让某人做某事-.有多少.发现 做某事是.的 和某人一起度过时光 向某人询问某事 通过做某事 你最喜欢的.是什么?开始做某事 做某事的最好方式 1.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once,twice,three times 等词语。How often do you play sports?Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?how for 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。Howfar is it from here to the park?It s about 2 kilometers.1.free 空闲的,I ll be free next week.=I 还可作“免费的、自由的”解 The tickets are free.You 有空的，反义词为 busy.be free 有空，闲着，相当丁 have time.ll have time next week.be free to do sth.自由地做某事。re free to go or to stay.2.How com 怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也 可引导一个问句，相当丁疑问句 why,但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didn t come to the party?=Why didn t Tom come to th e party?3.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Don t stay up late next time.stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。He stayed up all night to write his story.4.go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着 last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5.find+宾语+名词，发现：We have found him（to be）a good boy.find+宾语+形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.find+宾语+现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.o I went to bed at eleven 6.percent 白分数，基数词+percent:percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修 饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.7.more than 超过，多丁，不仅仅，相当丁 over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than/over ten years.9.afraid 形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。I m afraid we can t come here on time.be afraid of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事；be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Don t be afraid of asking question.I m afraid+从句，恐怕，担心：I m afraid I have to go now.10.sometimes,sometime,some times,some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位丁句首、句中或 句末。Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用丁过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词 when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.-When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组，几次，几倍。其中 time 是可数名词，对它提问用 how many times.I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story?sometime 名词短语，一段时间.表示“一段问”时，句巾谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay he re for some time.-How long will you stay here?2.hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当丁 hardly,ever 起强调作用。hardly 为副词，意为“几乎不没有)”，相当丁 almost not,本身具有否定含义，不能再使用其他否 定词。E.g.She hardly eats anything.辨析：hardly 和 hard hard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；hard 作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly 意为“几乎不”(1)The ground is too to dig(2)I can understand them.(3)Its raining,the people can go outside.3.-How often do you watch TV?-Twice a week.how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提问频率。twice a week 一周两次 拓展:一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上 基数词+times three times four times 6.I go to the movies maybe once a month.我也许一个月去看一次电影。maybe 副词，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位丁句首。E.g.Maybe he knows the way to the park.辨析：maybe 与 may be maybe 副词，作状语，意为“或许，大概，可能”，常位丁句首。may be 届丁“情态动词+be 动词”结构，意为“可能是”。(1)The baby is crying she is hungry.(2)The woman a teacher.It s+adj.+to do sth 做某事，的 E.g.It s very easy to lear n English well.by doing sth.通过做某事 the best way to do sth.is 做某事的最好方式 13.It is healthy for the mind and the body.这有益丁身心健康。stay healthy=keep healthy=keep in good health 保持健康 Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister 短语用法：1.have fun doing sth.2.want to do sth.3.as+形容词或副词的原级+as 4.be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 5.make sb.Do sth.让某人做某事 6.It s+形容词+for sb.To do sth.对某人来说，做某事是.的 词语辨析：laugh v.&n.笑 We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与 at 连用）嘲笑 Don t laugh at him.别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然；纵然；即使；尽管=although Though it was raining,he went there.虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy.虽然他很穷去 很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响,在 though 引导的从句后使用 but。如：Though he was poor,but he was happy.（误）though adv.不过，可是，然而，常用丁句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come,he didn t,though.1.Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。as.as 意为“与.一样.”，as.as 中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构 not as/so.as 意为“不如.”。E.g.He is as tall as his father.他和他爸爸一样高。Tom gets up as early as Jim.汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。Lucy isn t as outgoing as Mary.露西不如玛丽夕卜向。注意：(1)其否定式为 not as/so+adj./adv.+as。E.g.This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.(2)若有修饰成分，如 twice,three times,half,a quarter 等、则须置于第一个 as 之前。E.g.Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的包比我的贵一倍。3.You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win,though.不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。享受做某事的乐趣 想要做某事 与样 .win 此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”；win 还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争 E.g.He won the first prize.Who won the race?辨析：win 与 beat win 表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。E.g.We won the basketball game.beat 表示“打赢；战胜”，用丁比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。E.g.Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.though 此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。E.g.Jim said that he would come;he didn t,though.拓展：though 作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当丁 although E.g.Though he has no money,he lives very happily.注意：although/though 与 but 不能同时巾现在一个句子中。E.g.Though he has no money,he lives very happily.=He has no money,but he lives very happily.Unit 4 What s the best movie theater 短语：so far 至 U 目前为止，迄今为止 no problem have.in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同 all kinds of-.各种各样的.play a role make up 编造(故事、谎言等)for example take-.seriously 认真对待 not everybody close to 离.近 more and more 形容词副词的比较级练习 用括号里的词的适当形式填空 1.We went to the(bad)restaurant in town last night.The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.2.Blue Moon is(good),but Miler s is(good)in town.3.The Big Screen is(expensive)than most cinemas,but Cinema City is (expensive).4.Movie City has the(bad)service,but we can sit the(comfortably)there.5.Johnny Dep acted the(good)in that movie.He s much(good)than other actors at finding the(interesting)role.Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?常用法：let sb.do sth.plan to do sth.hope to do sth.happen to do sth.expect to do sth.How about doing .be ready to do sth.t ry one s best to do sth.1.the other,the others,other,others,another 辨析 the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中 的一个.另一个.时，常用 one the other。例：He has two brothers,one is a teacher,the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class.twenty-one are girls,the other nineteen are boys.没什么，别客气 be up to 是.的职责 发挥作用，有影响 例如 并不是每个人 越来越.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)，是 the other 的复数形式，相当丁 the other+复数 名词。the other+复数名词=any other+名词单数。例：You two stay here,the others go with me.I m different from Jeff because I m louder than the other kids(any other kid)in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese,Maths,English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I do n t like this one.Please show me another one.1.happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth+happens to sb.A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth+hap pens+地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式 to,表示“碰巧.”.Sb+happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.*take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定 有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.2.expect v.期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect+名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计.可能发生。I m expecting Li Lin s letter.2)expect to do sth.预计做某事 Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb.to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect+从句预计.I expected that I ll come back next M onday.7.serious a.严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth.对某人/某事当真 Peter is serious about Jenny.He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth.对某事当真 He s serious about selling his house.Unit 6 I m going to study computer science 短语:grow up every day be sure about make sure send be able to the meaning of different kinds of in common at the beginning of write down take up hardly ever too 短语用法：be going to+keep on doing sth.finish doing sth the meaning of have to do with to 动词原形 want to do sth.practice doing sth.learn to do sth.help sb.to do sth.agree to do sth.to+动词原形 表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的 tomorrow,next year 等时间状语或 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助 be 动词完成，be 随 主语有 am,is,are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他 I mnot going to see myfriends this weekend.一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答 Are you going to see your friends this weekend?Yes,I am./特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形 What is he going to do this weekend?When are you going to see your friends?2)如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to+地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3)表示位置移动的动词，如 go,come,leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4)be going to 与 will 的区别：对未来事情的预测用“will+动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，面加 not,也可用 will 后面加 not,或者缩略式 won t,变一般疑问句将 will Will planes be large in the future?Yes,they will./No,they won will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而 be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就 要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.陈述将来的某个事实用 will.I will ten years old next year.表小现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.I m tired I will go to bed.表示意愿用 will.I ll tell you the truth.表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to,I m going to buy a co mputer this month.-Let s discuss the plan,shall we?A.go B.went C.am going D.was going -Jack is busy packing luggage.-Yes.He for America on vacation.A.leaves B.left C.is leaving D.has been away 1 promise vt.保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth.My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb.sth.My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise+that 从句 Tom promises that he can return on time.promise n.允诺,诺f Lily is a dishonest girl.She never keeps a promise.promise to do sth.remember to do sth.love to do sth.be going to 的用法 1)be going No,主语+be not.No,I+其他？m not.变否定句要在 will 后 提至句首。t.而不用 will.-Not now.I to an interview.2.when 与 while 的区别：when 表示“当时候”，既指时间点，乂指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止 性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in,the students were talking.When she arrives,I ll call you.while 表示“当时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时 发生，while 还可以作并歹 0 连词，意为“而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.3.practice vt.练习，后接名词，代词或 v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅 承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成能欣赏 不禁介意与逃亡 不准冒险凭想象 4.everyday 与 every day 区别 everyday adj.每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。This is our everyday homework.every day 副词短语，在句中作状语，位丁句首或句末。He reads books every day.Unit 7 Will people have robots?用法：will+动词原形 将要做 fewer/more+less/more+不可数名词 更少/更多 try to do sth.have to do sth 不得不做某事 agree with sb.such+名词（词组）如此 play a part in doing sth make sb do sth 让某人做某事 help sb with sth There will be+主语+其他 彳务会有.There is/are+sb.+doing sth It is+形容词+for sb+to do sth 做某事对某人来说的 词语辨析：1.every 与 each 的区别：every 用来表整体，each 用来表个别。each 最低需是两，every 最低需是 every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。Every teacher knows her.There are lots of trees on each side of the road.Each of the road has a dictionary.2.on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位丁句首或句末。on earth 究竟，到底。用丁疑问句或 副词后，加强语气。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun./What on earth do you mean?3.human,指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别丁动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指 具体的人。person,无性别之分，常用丁数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people,泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man 可指“一个人/一个男人”，复数形式为 men.He was the only human on the island.There are only three persons in the room.consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon.admit,delay/put off,fancy.avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice.deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate.can t help,mind,escape.forbid,risk,imagine.可数名词复数 尽力做某事 同意某人的意见 参与做某事 帮助某人做某事 有正在做 更少/更多 every adj.each adj./pron.There are many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4.seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法:seem+名词 看起来。He seems a nice man.seem like 好像，似乎。It seemed like a good idea at the time.seem to do sth.似乎/看起来/好像做某事。I seem to have left my book at home.It seems/seemed that 看起来好像-,似乎 .He was very happy.seem to be+形容词/名词=seem+形容词/名词。She seems to be happy.=She seems happy.5.probably ad.maybe 相当丁 perhaps.也许，大概，可能。作状语.probably 用于句中，可能，性最大。He will probably come tomorrow.maybe/perhaps 用于句首。Maybe/Perhaps you are right.1.during/for/in 介词，在.期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用 during;说到某事持续多久则用 for;说到某事具体发生的时间用 in.We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.I ve been here for two weeks.They usually leave school in July.一般将来时结构：肯定式：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他 will 称。主语+be going to+动词原形+其他 be 否定式：在 will/shall/be 后面加 not.will not=won 一般疑问句：将 will/shall/be 提到主语前面。There be 句型的一般将来时：There will be+主语+其他，意为：将会有。一般疑问句形式为：Will there be+主语+其 肯定回答是：Yes,there will.否定回答是：No,there won t.否定形式是：There won t be+主语+其他，将不会有.特殊疑问句是：疑问词/词组+一般疑问句？When will there be a nice basketball match?Traveling to space is no longer just a dream.Russia the first hotel in space in the near future.A.builds B.will build C.built D.has built There a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A.will have B.is going to be C.is having In 50 years there more robots in people s homes.A.were B.will have C.will be D.have-Will people live to be 300 years old?-