2015年中考英语必考考点预测及重点短语总结.pdf

文档-1-扬州市中考英语知识考点 一.单选 A.冠词 1.a 和 an 区别 2.a+序数词和 the+序数词 3.定冠词 the 用法 4.不用冠词情况 5.in hospital/in the hospital,in front of/in front of,at table/at the table,by sea/by the sea,go to school/go to the school,next year/the next year,a teacher and writer/a teacher and a writer（1）a/an 的区分：注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母 u 本身的音/ju:/，前面加 a：a useful book,a university,a usual chair,a European country；如果发以外的音，前面加 an：an unusual chair,an unimportant meeting.常考还有 an honest boy,an expensive car,an empty bottle.（2）球类运动和三餐饭前不加 the，乐器前加 the.play football/table tennis,have breakfast,have noodle for lunch;play the violin/the piano（3）高难度:a“u”；an“h”；an“s”；an“x”B.名词 1.中考常见的既可数又不可数的名词归纳 chicken 小鸡、鸡肉；room 房间、空间；exercise 运动、练习；light 灯、光；glass 玻璃杯、玻璃；time 次数、倍数、时间；fruit 水果种类、水果；study 书房、学习；work 作品、工作；fish 鱼肉、种类；orange 橙子、橙汁；hair 头发、几根头发 集体名词 family,class,team,group,row,police 2.中考常见的不可数名词 news/advice/weather/fun/information/pity 3.不规则变化的名词单复数特殊变化：（1）名词的复数重心转移：This is an old pair of shoes.I want a new pair.（2）带性别的复合词组：women（变）doctors（变）bus lines（只变最后一词）4.单复数相同的名词 sheep deer fish people Chinese Japanese Cantonese Portuguese(男、女、脚 foot-feet、牙、鹅 goose-geese、孩子,people（可数名词,sheep,deer（鹿）单复数同形 中、日不变;英、法 a-e;美、德该死（加 s）Americans，Germans)5.只有复数形式的名词 thanks,glasses,gloves,clothes,pants,trousers,shorts,socks,shoes,scissors 6.只能修饰可数名词复数的词 many，several，a few，few，a(large)number of 7.只能修饰不可数名词的词 much，a little，little，a great deal of 8.既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词的词 some,a lot of,lots of，plenty of 文档-2-9.名词用法辨析：sport、game、match、race festival、holiday、vacation journey、tour、trip、travel sound、noise、voice chick,chicken clothes、cloth、clothing game、sport gold、golden journey、tour、trip、travel,voyage photo、picture、drawing problem、question road、path、street、way work,works green,greens wood,woods manner,manners arm,arms C 代词重难点 1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词之间转换 2.one 和 it 的区别 3.other,the other,another,others,the others,the rest 区别 4.all,both,either,neither,none 区别 5.常见用法 onethe other,bothand,eitheror,neitherno,not onlybut also,so/neither+助+主，so/neither+主+助 6.few、little、a few、a little 7.many/much/too many/too much 的用法 D.连词（1）连词现象：Although/though 与 but 通常不连用;because 与 so 不连用;if(如果)与 then 不连用。（2）就近一致连词 neither.nor,either.or,not only.but also，not.but.（3）连接句子与 to do 形式 because+句子（有完整主谓结构）because of+介词宾语（名词等）in order to do(in order not to do)in order that+句子 so as to so as that+句子 so.that+句子 too.to do enough to do so good a book that+句子 such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子（4）重要连词的应用 最近中招常考 unless（=if not)除非 or 否则（威胁，劝告）as if/as though(仿佛）even if/even though(即使）not.until(直到.才)文档-3-E.介词（1）介词+doing/介词+代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late.The book is for you.The knife is used for cutting things.Tom is sitting between him and me.（禁用“I”）关联记忆：“介意”mind+doing Would you mind my smoking here？（2）on/in/at 的用法：表时间：on(天优先，只要涉及天的概念就用 on）；in(时段）；at（时刻）on the morning of April 1st.on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚 at the same time（3）表伴随：with/without 或 doing She is a girl with long hair.She is a girl wearing a new dress.（4）表方式：by bike，on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数 What time is it by your watch?The boss pays us by week.He beat her with a book.（with 后要带 a 或复数）speak in English write in ink （5）介词（不加 the）+名词 at table 在桌旁，且在吃饭（两层意思）at the table 在桌旁，具体干什么不清楚 at school in the school 1.简单介词 at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without 2.by means of,along with,because of,in front of,instead of 3.和动词搭配 agree with,ask for,belong to,break away from,care about 4.和形容词的搭配 be afraid of,be angry with,be different from,be good at 5.和名词的搭配 answer to,key to,reason for,cause of,visit to 6.at,on,in(表时间)7.between,among(表位置)8.beside,besides 和 except 9.in the tree,on the tree 10.on the way,in the way,by the way,in this way 11.in the corner,at the corner 12.in the morning,on the morning 13.at the end of/by the end of,in the end 14.as 与 like 15.through 与 across 16.by、in 与 with 17.表示方式时间或地点介词 in、on、at F.动词（1）动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致、时态一致、双动词关系 主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化 第三人称单数现象（集体名词做主语）Our class are playing football now(与人有关的动作）文档-4-Our class is a small one(整体)主谓一致之就近一致（必考）：There be 句型 Either or Neither.nor.not only.but also.Not only they but also I am wrong.时态一致：从句与主句时态一致 He said he had been there for an hour.He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态)He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态)时态一致之时态变异（必考）：A瞬间动词的-ing 形式表将来 The plane is taking off in an hour.The old man is dying.（将要死了）B条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来 I dont know if he will come tomorrow.If he comes,I will call you.I will ring you as soon as I finish my work.I wont go out until my homework is done.典型考题：AI will go swimming.BIf you go,so will I.双动词关系：单句中，若有两个动词（be 动词，行为动词，不包括助动词），它们的关系有四种：and 连接动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致 改为 to do动作未做，准备做 改为 doing动作正在做或已做 改为-ed 形式后一动作被动发生 特例：*使、让（make，let，have）主动不带 to，被动带 to make sb.do/make sb.not do/be made to do let sb.do*The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her.*I have my car repaired.（我请人修理了我的车。车被人修）I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态)I have him repair my car.（我让他修我的车。Have sb.do sth.）（2）动词分类与句型转换 be 动词 am,is,are,was,were 助动词（1）do,does,did帮助行为动词做句型转换（2）have,has,had will,would,shall,should 帮助表时态（3）can,may,must,need 帮助表情态 行为动词 like,cry,smile.等等(占 99%)行为动词的所有句型转换均需 do 家族三兄弟 do、does 或 did 帮忙 Be 动词、助动词不需任何帮忙 I dont have lunch at home.Neither do you.（前后主语不一样，Neither do you 主谓倒装）文档-5-I have been here an hour.So have you.A I bought a new book,Tom.B So you did.(I 和 you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装)（3）初中重点动词短语 四个 to 后接ing 形式的短语（to 在该短语中作介词用）prefer doing to doingprefer to do prefer to do rather than do like.better than.be used to doing(习惯于.）used to do（过去通常）be used to do（被用来做.）look forward to doing 盼望 make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为.做贡献 重要短语或相关词 turn on,turn off,turn up,turn down,take off,land on,put on,wear,dress,wear out,be in red,eat up,sell out,put away,put off 人花费 Sb.spend.(in)doing sth spend on sth Sb.pay.for.payment 报酬，repay 报答 物花费 It takes.to do;Sth.cost cost 价值 四个说 speak/say/tell/talk speak in English,say it in English,say a word tell a story,talk about sth.talk with sb.talk to sb.（4）表事物特征常用一般现在时 The pen writes well.The music sounds nice.The food tastes nice.G.形容词、副词（1）比较 A=B as 原形 as/not as(so).as.AB more.than.比较级标志词than A B less.than.最高级典型标志词：in,of,among 最高级和比较级的转换：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India.AB 用比较级解释句子 This food isnt so delicious as that food.This food is less delicious than that food.或 That food is more delicious than this food.必须掌握的修饰比较级的四个词：much,a little,even,far He is much taller than Tom.比较级、最高级的不规则变化：口诀：两病两多并两好，距离老远少迟到 bad/ill:worse worst much/many:more most 文档-6-good/well:better best far:farther farthest further furthest old:older oldest elder eldest little:less least（2）后接形容词的动词 be 动词 感官动词：look taste smell feel sound 使和让：make let 变与不变：get go change turn keep remain He looks tired The food tastes nice so it sells well.（3）特殊句型：“比较级+and+比较级.”“越来越.”“more and more+多音节形容词/副词“越来越多，越来越”He is growing taller and taller.“The+比较级，the+比较级.”“越.越.”The sooner you come,the earlier we would arrive.The more,the better.越多越好。The taller,the better.越高越好。She cant be more beautiful!（她漂亮极了。）I have never seen a more beautiful girl!She cant help crying.（cant help doing 忍不住）She cant wait to open the box.(cant wait to do 迫不及待)H.数词 分数 three sixths=3/6 three and three is six 3+3=6 I want a few more.还要一点 once more.再来一遍 two books more 再来两本书 a quarter=1/4 three quarters/three fourths=3/4 200 个 two hundred 几百个：hundreds of I.代词 介词/代词宾格形式 all of us，each of them 反身代词：help yourself to.,Tom.help yourselves to.,boys.I study for myself.宾语与主语指向一致，用反身代词 物主代词：yours=your book Thank you.=Thanks.something else one.the other.I have two books.One is old,the other is new.(总数为 2,2-1=1,后面的数量为准确的 1)some.the others.There are forty people in the room.Ten of them are young,the others are old.(总数准确，20-10=10，后面的数量也为准确且超过 1)some.others.There are a lot of people in the room.Some are young,others are old.(总数不准确，后面的数量也为不准确)文档-7-*不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 Is everyone here?No,they arent.some water 一些水 someone 某个人 *some time sometime some times sometimes times 次数 一些次数*a few fewfewerfewest a little/littlelessleast 掌握技巧：few：三个字母组成，数量少，数得清，修饰可数名词 little：六个字母组成，数量多，数不清，修饰不可数 a表示一个，肯定 a few books 有一些书 few books 没有书 a little water 一些水 little water 没有水 too muchtoo many much toomany too（错误书写）把前面的词划掉，后面的接什么，合起来就可以接什么 英语的“两个与三个”两个都both 两个都不neither 两者中任何一个either 三个都all 三个都不all 三者中任何一个any 两者之间between 三者之间among*也 either,too，also，as well as You like English.I like it,too.You arent right,Im not,either.He can also swim.He as well as you is late.(注意非 and 连接，根据主语 He 决定谓语动词形式)J.其它 宾语从句 正：He asked me where I had been the day before.误：He asked me where had I been the day before.口语交际三大原则：学会道谢；学会道歉；学会欣赏和同情。礼貌原则 学会道谢别人帮了忙，要感谢；别人没帮上忙，也要感谢，如说“Thank you all the same”；受到别人的称赞，也要感谢。学会道歉没帮上别人的忙，要道歉；弄错了，要道歉。学会表示祝福、欣赏和同情别人干得好，要给与赞扬；别人开始干某事，要给与祝福；别人遇到不幸的事，要表示同情，如“I am sorry to hear that”。How 和 what 引导的感叹句 宾语从句一般不用疑问语气（疑问词放在从句句首，但主谓不倒装）。there be 句型就近一致原则，与 have 表示“有”的区别。反意疑问句注意动词分类即可。三大从句 文档-8-名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句）可用“什么”代替 诀窍：缺啥补啥，啥都不缺填 that 从句为疑问，基本语序为：8w，8h，if 或 whether+主语+谓语 定语从句起限定作用，可用“哪一个”之类的词代替 先行词+连接词+句子 连接词：没有 what 状语从句叙述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、目的等背景因素 单项选择做题要点：先看选项，认清是什么考点，考什么语法点或知识点；再读题进行斟酌。二.完型填空（先通读文章后填选项）此类文章词汇一般较简单，认真琢磨第一段第一句话的大意。弄清全文何时、何地、何人、何事四大要素之后才填选项。若考语法，则应用语法知识。切忌未通读文章前边看边填。注意上下文的关联，尤其注意文中 so、and、but 等连词透漏出的答案信息。三.阅读理解（先看选项，再在原文找答案）A、B 两篇，不能失分，划出文章中的重点句子。C、D 两篇，拔高篇，划出考题中的对应词、短语及句子，通读全文了解文章主旨大意，有疑问的地方作好标记以便回头检查。实在是看不懂原文，就采取蒙的办法选择所有最长的选项（正确率在 40%-80%）。四.阅读填空 读原句识别考点书写时注意动词的三大黄金法则 A 类 初中重点句型的对应(1)What do you think of.?How do you like.?(2)What is it like?How is it?(3)Spend doing sth/spend on sth;cost/taketo do/pay.for (4)more than not as.as less than not so.as(5)最高级比较级(6)too.to enough to so.that;not enough to(7)so good a book such a good book(8)hear from receive letters from(9)be afraid of doing be afraid to do(10)Its time for sthIts time to do sth.(11)prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather than dolike.better than(12)have a good time enjoy oneself(13)形式主语 it To learn English is very important.It is very important to learn English.(14)What is wrong with you?What is the matter with you?(15)be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.(16)What a good book it is!How good the book is!(17)Why not go with us?Why dont you go with us?文档-9-(18)Hurry up,or youll be lateIf you dont hurry up,youll.(19)borrow from lend to(20)间接引语变直接引语：“一主二宾三不变”B 类 单句复合句(1)not.until(2)both.and.；neither.nor.；not only.but also.(3)What to do how to do it I dont know what I should do.I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it.C 类 句意解释 He is the same height as me.He is as tall as me.He founded the company.He is the founder of the company.D 类 重点短语 五.作文 一、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式 时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。如 ago，last过去时 next，in将来时 人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。例如：Thanks to the teachers,we have improved our English.其中 we 和 our 就是人称的统一。格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点 切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3 中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅 切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次 考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。常用连接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second And then，Finally，In the end，At last 2.表并列补充关系的：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition 3.表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，but Although+clause(从句)，In spite of+n./doing On the one hand,On the other hand 文档-10-Some，while others 4.表因果关系的：Because，As So，Thus，Therefore，As a result 5.表换一种方式表达：In other words 6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子；For instance，句子；such as+n./doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact 8.表达自己观点：As far as I know，In my opinion 9.表总结：In short，In a word，In conclusion，In summary 文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment,our hometown will become clean and beautiful.动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.Its bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.常用状语从句句型：1)时间 when，notuntil，as soon as 2)目的 so that+clause；to do(为了)3)结果 sothat+clause，tooto do(太以至于)4)条件 if，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)5)让步 though,although,even though,even if,no matter what/when/where/who/which/how 6)比较 asas，not soas，than 五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：1.We live more and more comfortable.改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers.改正：much information (不可数名词由 much 修饰)3.There has many programs in TV.改正：There are many programs on TV.(There be 句型和介词短语)4.I think ride a bike can keep our health.改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。句子的重点可以通过下列方法，加以突出：1.把重点摆在句首或句尾。一般而论，最显眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中间的位置最平淡，乏善可陈。把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法，读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。2.在复杂句里，把主句放在从句之后。文档-11-除了名词从句和形容词从句之外，因为它们位置较固定，副词从句中有几种的位置灵活，可以在主句之前出现，也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句，如(3b)：(3a)I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.(3b)When I went to town yesterday，I came upon an old classmate.副词短语更是如此，如(4b)：(4a)Steel is commonly used to make knives，razors and other useful tools because of its durability.(4b)Because of its durability，steel is commonly used to make knives，razers and other useful tools.3.把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头，如(5b)和(6b)：(5a)I was delighted and amused by the classical opera (5b)I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.(6a)That singers life was tragic and brief.(6b)That singers life was brief and tragic.4.把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如：(7)Tony ate his dinner,watched TV,and then went to bed.(8)Were you bored with years of study in elementary school,high school and institute of higher education?5.必要时，重复重要的语词或概念。例如：(9)Jackie enjoys the company of ladies.He likes their beauty,he likes their delicacy，he likes their vivacity，and he likes their silence.6.尽量用主动说态，因此(11b)比(11a)好：(11a)A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.(11b)A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.7.适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，如：(12)Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest.Here，in the centre of the dark forest lived seven dwarfs.(13)Severity breeds fear;roughness breeds hatred.(14)Honesty recommends that I speak;self-interest demands that I remain silent.六.听力.加大词汇和句型基础,一定要熟练。答题前快速看完相关选项。文档-12-扬州市中考英语重点短语 文档 13 put down 放下 shut down 把关上 cut down 砍掉 come down 下来、落下 slow down 减缓、放慢 sit down 坐下 write down 写下 get down 下来、降落 after all 毕竟、终究 after that 于是，然后 day after day 日复一日地 one after another 相继，依次 soon after 不久以后 the day after tomorrow 后天 come up with 找到、提出 catch up with 赶上 wake up 弄醒、醒来 send up 发射 open up 开设、开办 grow up 长大 pick up 拾起，捡起 hands up 举手 eat up 吃光 clean up 打扫干净 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事 到 达：arrive at/in+n.(地 方)=get to+n.=reach+n.=arrive/get+adv.(地方)getback 退还，送回去，取回 give back 归还 come back 回来 at the back of 在的后面 on the way(back)home 在回家的路上 at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐时 at desk 在桌前 at once 立刻，马上 at school 在上学 at the doctors 在医务室 at work 在上班 at night 在晚上 at noon 在中午 be good at=do well in 擅长 be bad at 不擅长 laugh at 嘲笑 notat all 一点也不 at