最新初二下册英语知识点总结.pdf

初二下册英语知识点总结初二下册英语知识点总结Unit 1 Will people have robots?Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法：一般将来时态的应用重点语法：一般将来时态的应用do/doesdo/does的一般将来时态形式：的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will)do(shall/will)dodo/doesdo/does的一般将来时态的被动语的一般将来时态的被动语态：态：(shall/will)be done(shall/will)be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：一般将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a fewPeople will have robots in a fewyears.years.否认句例句：否认句例句：People(will not/wont)havePeople(will not/wont)haverobots in a few years.robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in aWill people have robots in afew years?few years?特殊疑问句例句：特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in aWhat will people have in afew years?few years?重点短语：重点短语：wont=will notwont=will nottheyll=they willtheyll=they willshell=she willshell=she willhell=he willhell=he willIll=I willIll=I willfall in love with(sb./sth.)fall in love with(sb./sth.)爱上某爱上某人人/某物某物be able to do sth.be able to do sth.能够做某事能够做某事come truecome true 实现实现in the futurein the future 未来未来hundreds ofhundreds of 数以百计的数以百计的thousands ofthousands of 数以千计的数以千计的look for(sb./sth.)look for(sb./sth.)寻找寻找 某人某人/某物某物will wouldwill would 情态动词情态动词 willwill 的原的原形和过去式形和过去式may mightmay might 情态动词情态动词 maymay 的的原形和过去式原形和过去式Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)Look at the title and picture,and predictLook at the title and picture,and predictwhat you will read about.(what you will read about.(看着标题和图片，看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps)This helpsyou get ready to acquire new information.you get ready to acquire new information.(这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法：重点语法：过去将来时态过去将来时态 将来时态的委婉说法将来时态的委婉说法do/doesdo/does 的过去将来时态形式：的过去将来时态形式：(should/would)do(should/would)docouldnt=could notcouldnt=could notas.as possibleas.as possible 尽可能尽可能(eg/(eg/as soon as possibleas soon as possible 尽快尽快)all kinds ofall kinds of 各种；许多各种；许多on the one handon the one hand 一方面一方面on the other handon the other hand 另一方面另一方面ask sb.for sth.=ask sb.to doask sb.for sth.=ask sb.to dosth.sth.请求某人做某事请求某人做某事ask sb.not to do sth.ask sb.not to do sth.请求某人不请求某人不要做某事要做某事spend(money)on sth.=spendspend(money)on sth.=spend(money)in doing sth.(money)in doing sth.花钱做某事花钱做某事sth.cost sb.(money)sth.cost sb.(money)某人花钱为某人花钱为了某事了某事take sb.sometime to do sth.take sb.sometime to do sth.花花某人时间做某事某人时间做某事find outfind out 查明查明find sb.doing sth.find sb.doing sth.发现某人做某发现某人做某事事be angry with sb.be angry with sb.生某人的气生某人的气be angry at sth.be angry at sth.生某事的气生某事的气the same age as=as old asthe same age as=as old as 与某与某人年龄一样人年龄一样have fight with sb.have fight with sb.与某人打架与某人打架learn to do sth.learn to do sth.学会做某事学会做某事not.until.not.until.直到直到才才compare sth.(A)with sth.(B)compare sth.(A)with sth.(B)把把某事某事(A)(A)与某事与某事(B)(B)作比拟作比拟its time for sth.=its time to doits time for sth.=its time to dosth.sth.到该做某事的时间了到该做某事的时间了maybe adv.maybe adv.或许或许may bemay be 情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形可能是可能是shall shouldshall should 情态动词情态动词 shallshall的原形和过去式的原形和过去式pay paid paidpay paid paid 动词动词 paypay 的的原形、过去式和过去分词原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better ifYou will learn to use new words better ifyou use a learners dictionary.(you use a learners dictionary.(时刻学着应时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes)A bilingual dictionary sometimesgives the wrong meaning for the situationgives the wrong meaning for the situationyou want.(you want.(在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。字典有时会给你错误的解释。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFOUnit 3 What were you doing when the UFOarrived?arrived?重点语法：过去进行时态重点语法：过去进行时态do/doesdo/does 的过去进行时态形式：的过去进行时态形式：(was/were)doing(was/were)doingdo/doesdo/does 的过去进行时态的被动语的过去进行时态的被动语态：态：(was/were)being done(was/were)being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式：过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：肯定句例句：I was walking down the streetI was walking down the streetwhen a UFO landed.when a UFO landed.否认句例句：否认句例句：I wasnt walking down the streetI wasnt walking down the streetwhen a UFO landed.when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句：一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down theWere you walking down thestreet when a UFO landed?street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句：特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing whenWhat were you doing whena UFO landed?a UFO landed?动词动词 whenwhen 和和 whilewhile 的选择：的选择：whenwhen 后加瞬间后加瞬间动词，动词，whilewhile 后加延续性动词。后加延续性动词。例句：例句：The boy was walking down the streetThe boy was walking down the streetwhen the UFO landed.when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the=While the boy was walking down thestreet,the UFO landed.street,the UFO landed.感慨句感慨句结构：结构：(1)How+adj.+the+(1)How+adj.+the+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词=(2)What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+=(2)What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词例句：例句：What a beautiful flower it is!What a beautiful flower it is!=How beautiful the flower is!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语：重点短语：get outget out 出去；离开出去；离开take offtake off 起飞起飞run awayrun away 逃跑；跑掉逃跑；跑掉come income in 进来进来hear about=hear ofhear about=hear of 听说听说take placetake place 发生发生as.asas.as 像像一样一样(eg/as old as(eg/as old ashimhim 像他一样老像他一样老)anywhere=everywhere=hereanywhere=everywhere=hereand thereand there 任何地方任何地方think aboutthink about 考虑考虑think ofthink of 认为认为get up=get out of the bedget up=get out of the bed 起床起床at the doctorsat the doctors 在诊所在诊所every dayevery day 每一天每一天everyday adj.everyday adj.日常的日常的most adj.most adj.大局部大局部the mostthe most 最多的最多的in spacein space 在太空中在太空中national heronational hero 民族英雄民族英雄all over the world=in the worldall over the world=in the world全世界全世界Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you toThe title can be helpful for you tounderstand a text.(understand a text.(一篇文章的标题可以帮助一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to)Its also a good idea toread the first sentence of each paragraphread the first sentence of each paragraphbefore you read.(before you read.(在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句重点语法：宾语从句结构：结构：主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+宾语从句宾语从句(主语主语+谓谓语动词语动词+宾语宾语/表语表语)例句：例句：-Im good at English.He says.(-Im good at English.He says.(改为改为加宾语从句的复合句加宾语从句的复合句)-He says Im good at English.-He says Im good at English.注意：注意：主句是一般现在时态，主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态不受其影响。不受其影响。例句：例句：He says Im good at EnglishHe says Im good at Englishnow.now.He says I was good atHe says I was good atmathematics when I was young.mathematics when I was young.主句是过去时态，主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去宾语从句也要用过去时态。时态。例句：例句：He said I was good atHe said I was good atmathematics when I was young yesterday.mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good atHe said I was good atEnglish now yesterday.English now yesterday.宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。在时态。例句：例句：Our teacher says 24 hoursOur teacher says 24 hoursmake a day.make a day.Our teacher said the sunOur teacher said the sungives us so many energy yesterday.gives us so many energy yesterday.动词原形不能作主语，必须用其动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing-ing形式。形式。例句：例句：She said helping othersShe said helping otherschanged her life.changed her life.重点短语：重点短语：direct speechdirect speech 直接引语直接引语reported speech=indirectreported speech=indirectspeechspeech 间接引语间接引语first of all=at firstfirst of all=at first 首先首先pass onpass on 传递传递be supposed to do sth.be supposed to do sth.应该做某应该做某事事be good at=do well inbe good at=do well in 在某方面在某方面做得好做得好in good healthin good health 身体健康身体健康get overget over 克服克服open upopen up 翻开翻开care for=take care of=lookcare for=take care of=lookafterafter 照料；照顾照料；照顾not any more=not any longer=not any more=not any longer=no longerno longer 不再不再have a coldhave a cold 感冒感冒end-of-year examend-of-year exam 年终考试年终考试get nervousget nervous 变得紧张变得紧张forget to do sth.forget to do sth.忘记做某事忘记做某事 该事该事未做未做forget doing sth.forget doing sth.忘记做某事该忘记做某事该事已做事已做its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.做某事做某事 对某人来说对某人来说加形容词加形容词contextcontext 上下文上下文Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)First read for meaning,not for detail.(First read for meaning,not for detail.(首先首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节局理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节局部。部。)You can understand the meaning of a)You can understand the meaning of aword you dont know from the context.(word you dont know from the context.(至至于不懂的单词，于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。确释义。)Unit 5 If you go to the party,youll have aUnit 5 If you go to the party,youll have agreat time!great time!重点语法：重点语法：if if 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句结构：主句结构：主句+if+if+条件状语从句条件状语从句if+if+条件状语从句条件状语从句+(comma)+(comma)+主句主句注意：在注意：在 if if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：例句：Youll have a great time if you go toYoull have a great time if you go tothe party.the party.=If you go to the party,youll have a=If you go to the party,youll have agreat time.great time.重点短语：重点短语：take awaytake away 拿走拿走around the world=all over thearound the world=all over theworldworld 在世界各地在世界各地make a livingmake a living 谋生谋生all the time=alwaysall the time=always 一直一直Whats the problem?=WhatsWhats the problem?=Whatsthe matter?=Whats wrong?the matter?=Whats wrong?怎么了？怎么了？in order to do sth.in order to do sth.为了做某事为了做某事make sb.do sth.make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事使得某人做某事toto 省略，该结构是一个不带省略，该结构是一个不带 toto 的不定式。的不定式。make sb.adj.make sb.adj.使得某人使得某人加形加形容词容词make sb.donemake sb.done 使得某人被做使得某人被做be famous forbe famous for 为为而知名而知名be famous asbe famous as 作为作为而知名而知名in classin class 在课堂上在课堂上spend.(time/money)on sth.=spend.(time/money)on sth.=spend.(time/money)in doing sth.spend.(time/money)in doing sth.花花时间时间/钱用于做某事钱用于做某事see sb.do sth.see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事看见某人做某事强调整个过程强调整个过程see sb.doing sth.see sb.doing sth.看见某人做某看见某人做某事强调偶然性事强调偶然性say said saidsay said said 动词动词 saysay 的的原形、过去式和过去分词原形、过去式和过去分词tell told toldtell told told 动词动词 telltell 的原的原形、过去式和过去分词形、过去式和过去分词eat ate eateneat ate eaten 动词动词 eateat 的原的原形、过去式和过去分词形、过去式和过去分词speak speak spoke spokenspoke spoken 动词动词speakspeak 的原形、过去式和过去分词的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit 6 How long have you been collectingUnit 6 How long have you been collectingshells?shells?重点语法：现在完成进行时态重点语法：现在完成进行时态do/doesdo/does 的现在完成进行时态形的现在完成进行时态形式：式：have/has been doinghave/has been doingdo/doesdo/does 的现在完成进行时态的被的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：动语态：have/has been being donehave/has been being done现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做过去发生的动作对现在造成影响过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例：我已上了三年初中。例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3I have been in Junior School for 3years.years.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。步。I have been making progress since heI have been making progress since hetalked with me that time.talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形否认句和疑问句形式：式：肯定句例句：肯定句例句：I have been skating for fiveI have been skating for fivehours.hours.否认句例句：否认句例句：I havent been skating for fiveI havent been skating for fivehours.hours.一般疑问句例句：一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating forHave you been skating forfive hours?five hours?特殊疑问句例句：特殊疑问句例句：How long have you beenHow long have you beenskating?skating?注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？How long have you been keeping thisHow long have you been keeping thisbook?book?重点短语：重点短语：run out ofrun out of 用完；用尽用完；用尽by the wayby the way 顺便说说顺便说说be interested in doing sth.be interested in doing sth.对某对某事感兴趣事感兴趣more thanmore than 比比多多far awayfar away 在远处在远处would like to do sth.=want to dowould like to do sth.=want to dosth.=feel like doing sth.sth.=feel like doing sth.想要做某事想要做某事send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物赠送给某人把某物赠送给某人in factin fact 实际上实际上roomroom 房间用于可数名词；空间房间用于可数名词；空间用于不可数名词用于不可数名词common more common thecommon more common themost commonmost common 形容词形容词 commoncommon 的原级、比的原级、比拟级和最高级拟级和最高级Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)Let your eyes scan the text quickly to findLet your eyes scan the text quickly to finddetails that youre looking for.(details that youre looking for.(在阅读文章之在阅读文章之前，用眼睛前，用眼睛“横扫整篇文章，快速寻找你需要横扫整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。的文章要点。)You can find information)You can find informationquickly without reading the whole text.(quickly without reading the whole text.(这这样你就不用细读整篇文章，样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down theUnit 7 Would you mind turning down themusic?music?重点语法：重点语法：mind ones doing sth.mind ones doing sth.介意某介意某人做某事人做某事重点短语：重点短语：not at allnot at all 一点也不一点也不turn downturn down 调节使音量变小调节使音量变小right away=in a minute=atright away=in a minute=atonceonce 立刻；马上立刻；马上wait in linewait in line 排队等候排队等候cut in linecut in line 插队等候插队等候hasnt=has nothasnt=has notkeep.downkeep.down 压低声音；使缓和压低声音；使缓和at first=first of allat first=first of all 首先首先take caretake care 留神；小心留神；小心take care of=care about=looktake care of=care about=lookafterafter 关心；照顾关心；照顾break the rulebreak the rule 违规违规obey the ruleobey the rule 遵守规定遵守规定put output out 熄灭熄灭pick sth.uppick sth.up 捡起某物捡起某物wait for sb.wait for sb.等候某人等候某人depend ondepend on 依赖；依靠依赖；依靠get back=returnget back=return 要回要回mean meant meantmean meant meant动词动词meanmean 的原形、过去式和过去分词的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)As we read,we need to find topicAs we read,we need to find topicsentences.(sentences.(在我们阅读的时候，在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找我们需要寻找“主题语句，主题语句，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。)These sentences usually gives us aThese sentences usually gives us asummary,or overall meaning of eachsummary,or overall meaning of eachparagraph and help us understand what theparagraph and help us understand what theparagraph is about.(paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的些文章的“概要，或者每个文段的全部意思，概要，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。来帮助我们理解段落大意。)After the topic)After the topicsentence comes more detail andsentence comes more detail andexplanation.(explanation.(当当“主题语句出现后，该段的一主题语句出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事why dont you do sth.=why notwhy dont you do sth.=why notdo sth.do sth.例句：例句：Why dont you get her aWhy dont you get her acamera?=Why not get her a camera?camera?=Why not get her a camera?what about=how aboutwhat about=how about例句：例句：How about some tennisHow about some tennisballs?=What about some tennis balls?balls?=What about some tennis balls?重点短语：重点短语：fall asleepfall asleep 入睡入睡give awaygive away 赠送；分发赠送；分发hear of=hear abouthear of=hear about 听说听说take an interest in=be interestedtake an interest in=be interestedinin 对对感兴趣感兴趣make friends withmake friends with 与与交友交友make progressmake progress 取得进步取得进步keep kept keep kept keptkept 动词动词 keepkeep的原形、过去式和过去分词的原形、过去式和过去分词feed fed fedfeed fed fed 动词动词 feedfeed 的原的原形、过去式和过去分词形、过去式和过去分词fall fell fallenfall fell fallen 动词动词 fallfall 的原的原形、过去式和过去分词形、过去式和过去分词hear heard heardhear heard heard 动词动词 hearhear的原形、过去式和过去分词的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(Reading Strategy(阅读方法阅读方法)To understand the important ideas from theTo understand the important ideas from thetext,we must summarize.(text,we must summarize.(为了了解文段最为了了解文段最主要的意图，主要的意图，我们必须要进行总结。我们必须要进行总结。)Do this by)Do this byanswering who,what,where,whyanswering who,what,where,whyquestions as you read.(questions as you read.(在阅读时，在阅读时，常注意答复常注意答复时间、地点、人物这些根本要素问题，到达总结时间、地点、人物这些根本要素问题，到达总结的目的。的目的。)U