2021届中国人民大学附属中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案.pdf

2021 届中国人民大学附属中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A New events and changes of junior golf competition calendar New events Notah BegayJunior Golf National Championship What does a junior golfer aim to pursue?One thing is to be noticed,ideally by a college coach.A remarkable opportunity will be offered by the Notah BegayJunior Golf National Championship to its participants:an event broadcast by Golf Channel.Players aged between eight and 18 can compete in the new event;information about where and when it will be held will be released later.Barbasol Junior Championship Beginning the career in the PGA Tour is something that a junior golfer tends to dream of.The Barbasol Junior Championship,which is scheduled to take place between June 29 and July 2 at Keene Trace Golf Club inNicholasville,Kentucky,will provide such an opportunity.Boys under 19 years old will qualify for this new 54-hole event,and the winner will be awarded a spot at the PGA Tours Barbasol Championship in July.Changed events Thunderbird International Junior The dates of the AJGAs Thunderbird International Junior have to be changed since the NCAA Championships move to Grayhawk Golf Club inScottsdale,Arizona,for the next three years.Generally,the Thunderbird is played at the end of May.However,this year it is scheduled on different dates for the first time,from April 9 to 12,which means,of course,that the finish date is on Masters Sunday.Gator Invitational Junior golf intends to prepare for the following college golf.If this is the case,then it is crucial to simulate the higher-level experience as much as possible.Because of that,the Gator Invitational,as a junior boys event,has made a significant decision on becoming a 54-hole event by adding a round this year.The new version will be played from March 13 to 15 at The Country Club of Jackson inJackson,Mississippi.1.Which event can be watched on TV?A.Notah BegayJunior Golf National Championship.B.Barbasol Junior Championship.C.Thunderbird International Junior.D.Gator Invitational.2.When will the Thunderbird International Junior be played?A.At the end of May.B.From April 9 to 12.C.Between June 29and July 2.D.From March 13 to 15.3.What has been changed about the Gator Invitational?A.The award given to the winner B.The place where it is played.C.The required age of the players.D.The number of rounds it has.B I am a part of the Windward Robotics team known as the Omnicats,one of the many clubs offered at my school.My eight teammates and I started out by watching the robotics qualifiers and finals of Chinese teams.We used these robotics videos for inspiration and drew up mind maps of what our team wanted to do.We meet every day for two hours after school in order to build our robots.Typically,adultsoverseewhat students are building,but my school lets teens take control.It leaves room for more errors,but were prouder of our final product.Before our first real match,a practice was offered at the actual site.My sub-team had been further along than other teams but quickly fell behind.When we arrived on that big day,I immediately felt my teammates nervousness.Our first match was in three minutes.All of us glanced around at each other since we were not prepared at all.Our robot was still sitting in a box.Two of our teammates rushed to take the robot for an official examination as the rest of us discussed our strategy(策略).Our team captain explained that we all should try driving the robot now,while it was early in the season.She gave me the remote.I had only driven for a limited amount of time in practice so I was extremely nervous.Our autonomous code(自动代码)beganto run almost immediately after our short discussion.Despite all the drama,we ended up winning the match.Not too bad for the first match!I was so proud.I did not enjoy the pressure of driving but liked building the robot behind the scenes instead.We have transferred to a different type of robotics at the end of the semester,which involves the whole team designing one giant robot with large tools.I am a part of the electrical team now,so I make sure the motherboard(母板)can supply the robots energy needs.We have all enjoyed the rest of the season and learned that robotics it never dull!4.What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Inspect B.Admire C.Overlook D.Assume 5.Why did her teammatesfed so nervous before first match?A.Because it was really too difficult for them.B.Because they didnt prepare for it at all.C.Because they didnt know what the match would be like.D.Because they didnt make full preparations before the match.6.How did the author feel about their first robotics match?A.It was tiring but exciting.B.It was stressful but wonderful.C.It was terrible but powerful.D.It was boring but professional 7.What is the best title for the text?A.A Girl Who Loves Robots B.My First Robotics Match C.Teamwork for Robots D.Robotics Is Never Dull C Why isnt science better?Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good.Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents.Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis.And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often,however,what should be just isnt so.In a number of scientific fields,published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制),or to have smaller effects than,what was initially claimed.Plenty of science does replicate meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them-but the amount that doesnt is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong.Running studies with small samples,mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiments results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.Its not like we dont know how to do better.Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades.Unfortunately,their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why?Why arent scientific methods better than they are?In a word:incentives.But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s,psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making.For example,when public schools are evaluated by students performance on standardized tests,teachers respond by teaching“to the test”.In turn,the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principleoften summarized as“when a measure becomes a target,it ceases to be a good measure”playing out in the realm of research.Science is a competitive enterprise.There are far more credentialed(授以证书的)scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions.Once someone acquires a research position,there is additional competition for tenure grant funding,and support and placement for graduate students.Due to this competition for resources,scientists must be evaluated and compared.How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals,as well as the status of those journals.Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different.Unfortunately,this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals,we might expect them to actively try to game the system.And certainly,some doas seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈).If malicious fraud is the prime concern,then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However,most scientists are,I believe,genuinely interested in learning about the world,and honest.The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.8.Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A.Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B.The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C.Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments results.D.The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.9.What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A.The public.B.The incentive initiators.C.The peer researchers.D.The high-impact journal editors.10.Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A.Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B.Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C.All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D.The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.11.According to the author,what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A.High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B.The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C.Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D.Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.D Its a popular belief that a fishs memory lasts for only seven seconds.It may seem sad to think that they dont remember what theyve eaten or where theyve been,and they dont identify you or any of their friends-every moment intheir life would be like seeing the world for the first time.But dont be so quick to feel sorry for them.A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think.In fact,certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago.In the study,researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food.They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again.Researchers used computer software to monitor the fishs movements.They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food.This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.In fact.scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory.An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地)in front of certain fish,perhaps because they remembered their past fights.But until the latest findings,there was no clear evidence.Just as a good memory can make our lives easier,it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survivein the wild.If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food,they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risk,lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.For a long time,fish were placed far below chimpanzees,dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals.But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.12.According to the text,people commonly believe that _.A.fish dont recognize any of their friends B.a fishs memory lasts for only seven minutes C.fish can only remember part of their past experiences D.fish can remember things that happened long ago 13.How can fish benefit most from a good memory?A.They can remember their enemies and fight.B.They can remember where to get food and survive.C.They can remember their friends and help each other.D.They can remember where to go when in danger.14.What can we learn from the text?A.Only African cichlids have a good memory.B.African cichlids can remember things for 12 days.C.African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively.D.African cichlids dont belong to the list of smart animals.15.What is the text mainly about?A.What we can learn from fish.B.Fish having a very bad memory.C.How fish improve their memory.D.Fish being smarter than we thought.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Going through life is easier when you trust that most peoples motives are good._16_Being aware of the following should help.Dont be blinded by looks,nor sex.Some people who have the gift of looks,or sex appeal,use it to unfair advantage._17_To take an extreme example,spies have gotten people to sacrifice a nations security merely by“bestowing”sex on someone._18_Yes,some people enjoy being nice for its own sake.But other people use kindness as a weapon:to disarm and/or create obligation.So when someone“caringly”asks how you are or gives you a little gift or two,dont jump to that being a ploy,but keep your eyes open.Be wary of praise from people who you pay,like counselors,teachers,coaches,etc.Whether true or not,their saying nice things about you or your work increase their chances of keeping your money coming.Beware of revealing your weaknesses or past errors._19_But other times,your admission will be used against you.For example,lets say that you admit that you are insecure about your intelligence._20_Worse still,there are those who reveal a small weakness or past failing,not to deepen the relationship but to encourage you to admit a more serious failing.A.Some people are kind mainly because they want something.B.Therefore,we shall be trustworthy and rely on people around us.C.In fact,such people might be much more trouble than theyre worth.D.However,some people have paid a huge price for being too trusting.E.In subsequent arguments,the other person can take advantage of that.F.Sometimes,revealing a flaw can open the door to a deeper relationship.G.Beware ofthe following tactic used to extract a weakness or past failing.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 It was a hot Saturday at the community center.I sat in the chair,and closely watched my_21_area.Suddenly,a little girl_22_the water slide(水滑道).I noticed her_23_was under the water.Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.The other lifeguards(救生员)congratulated me on my first_24_.I thought back to the day I first started working here.Would I have been able to_25_as quickly as I did just now?“Corinne,we need to talk,”my boss said six months ago,with a_26_look on her face.“Youre a nice girl,_27_you need to be more focused on what you are doing and pay attention to your_28_,”she said.Tears forming,I feared I would_29_my job.Then,she said,“Im going to give you another chance.”I sighed with_30_.After that,I realized I wasnt paying attention when I was_31_.That was the turning point not only in my_32_career but my entire life.I began to_33_.When the next training came I was_34_to find I had been announced“Employee of the Month”._35_this award made me work even harder.Soon after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard,which made me realize that I had not only got out of my_36_habits but I was no