2021年衡阳市第五中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析.pdf
2021 年衡阳市第五中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to?Try some of these places.Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest.Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces,traveling exhibits,book signings by childrens favorite writer,and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙)models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also,ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Tryhands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums aroundthe country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike.Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons,experimenting,and building.When everyone is tired,enjoy a fun family science show,commonly found in these museums.1.If a child is interested in the universe,he probably will visit _.A.a Youtheater B.an art museum C.a hands-on science museum D.a natural history museum 2.What does hands-on science mean in the last paragraph?A.Science games designed by kids.B.Learning science by doing things.C.A show of kids science work.D.Reading science books.3.Where does this text probably come from?A.A museum guide.B.A tourist map.C.A science textbook.D.A news report.B With their tiny brains and excellent ability to memorize nectar locations,honeybees are a favorite model organism for studying learning and memory.Such research has indicated that to form long-term memoriesones that last a day or morethe insects need to repeat a training experience at least three times.By contrast,short-and mid-term memories that last seconds to minutes and minutes to hours,respectively,need only a single learning experience.Exceptions to this rule have been observed,however.For example,in some studies,bees formed long-lasting memories after a single learning event.Such results are often regarded as circumstantial anomalies,says Martin Giurfa of the University of Toulouse.But the anomalous findings,together with research showing that fruit flies and ants can form long-term memories after single experiences,aroused Giurfas curiosity.Was it possible that honeybees could reliably do the same?Giurfa reasoned that the ability to form long-term memories might depend on the particular type of bee and the experience.Within a honeybee colony,there are nurses,who clean the hive and feed the young;guards,who patrol and protect the hive;and foragers,who search for nectar.While previous studies have tested bees as a whole,Ciurfa and his colleagues focused on foragers,tasking them with remembering an experience relevant to their role:an odor associated with a sugary reward.The researchers observed that a single exposure to a reward-paired odor was enough for most forager bees to remember that specific odor the following day.Many foragers could even remember the odor three day later.The results do not mean that all prior research was wrong,says Andr Fiala of the University of Gttingen.“People have done the experiments in a different way.”Still,the new results do show that“the commonly held belief that one needs multiple training trials to achieve long-term memory is not always true,”he says,and this“really advances the field.”4.What does the author want to tell us through Paragraph 1?A.A model for memory research.B.The classification of memories.C.New research on learning and memory.D.Previous findings on memory formation.5.Which factor might influence a bees memory of an experience,according to Giurfas research?A.Whether the bees role is related.B.Whether the bee is introduced or native.C.How often the bee repeats the experience.D.How long the bee is exposed to the reward.6.What is Andre Fialas attitude towards the new results?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Intolerant.D.Unclear.7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Learning and Memory:How Honeybees Remember B.Honeybee Memory:Honeybee Knows What to Do C.Honeybees Remember after Just One Lesson D.Honeybees Use Memory for Communication C When girls play with cars,theyre serious.It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies.Born in2004 inShenzhen,Guangdong province,Gu decided to major in automobiles(汽车)when she was in junior high.Shes driven by interest,but she is also a realist.“I think the future of the automobile industry is bright because we cannot live without food,clothes,houses and cars,”she said.In April,she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance(车辆维修)in Dongguan city,which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province.“I thought it couldnt be that hard to repair cars when I started to take courses,but I was totally wrong,”Gu said.When she started learning in 2019,she was frequently confused by various problems.“And competition within our school is intense,so I had to work extra hard,”she said.Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore(大二学生),and wasnt as knowledgeable as the seniors,and no women had ever been selected for the competition before.“But I insisted that I would carry on,”she said.Finally,her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition.A woman winning first prize in a vehicle maintenance competition became a hot topic on-line,causing heated discussions over gender(性别)and career choices.“Women should not be influenced by old-fashioned thinking,and should do whatever it takes to discover their interests and strengths.There are more possibilities out there,”one netizen wrote.Gu said,“Many people think vehicle maintenance is a job for men.Thats wrong.I dont think gender has anything to do with choice of jobs.”“I have a goal and I will work harder to make it happen,”she added.“I will be responsible for my choices.”8.What was a cause of Gus choosing automobiles as her major?A.The love for automobiles.B.The guidance from her parents.C.The high popularity of automobiles.D.The determination to contribute to society.9.Why did Gus teacher advise her to quit the competition?A.She lacked the knowledge related to it.B.She had never taken part in a competition before.C.She was unlikely to win the competition.D.Women were not allowed to enter the competition.10.Which of the following best describes Gu Huijing?A.Creative and caring.B.Determined and hard-working.C.Independent and humorous.D.Honest and courageous.11.What would be the best title for the text?A.There Is No End To Learning B.Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair Contest C.Vehicle Maintenance Catches On D.Taking Challenge Leads To Success D Move over,helicopter parents.“Snowplow(扫雪机)parents”are the newest reflection of an intensive(强化的)parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts,texting their college kids to wake them up so they dont sleep through a test,and even calling their kids employers.Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near ones children,monitoring their every activity,is so 20th century.Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows:machines moving ahead,clearing any difficulties in their childrens path to success,so they dont have to suffer failure,frustration(挫折)or lose opportunities.It starts early,when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them.It gets more intense when school starts:running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children dont ever meet with failure,but its not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting.This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children,regardless of income,education,or race.Yes,its a parents job to support the children,and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children arent mature enough to do so.Thats why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenagers car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far,some experts say.If children have never faced a difficulty,what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems,taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,”many child development experts say,“and if parents dont let their children experience failure,the children dont acquire them.”12.What do we know about snowplow parenting?A.It appeared before helicopter parenting.B.It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C.It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D.It provides more than enough services for children.13.What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A.Its cost.B.Its benefits.C.Its popularity.D.Its ending.14.Why does the author mention parents taking away car keys?A.To show teenagers are no better than babies.B.To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C.To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D.To show its appropriate to help children when necessary.15.Whats the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A.Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B.Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C.Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D.Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Maintaining and Building Muscle Staying healthy is very important,but eating well and getting active is only part of the story.Often,we forget how important it is to concentrate on building and maintaining our muscles._16_It can also help you improve your immune system,speed up your bodys healing process,and let you sleep better.And as you age,the muscles youve developed will help you with your balance,bone strength,posture,and even more confident._17_After all,you dont have to look like Arnold Schwarzenegger to feel good about being a bit stronger!With all these great reasons for strength training,there are also so many myths that stop women from doing it._18_The truth is,since women have about one-fifteenth the testosterone of men,its much harder for them to get big muscles than it is for men.So go ahead ladies,get stronger.Youll be happy you did!There are some easy ways to build muscle at home._19_But did you know that,when done right,push-ups can be as effective as weight lifting?The trick is to make sure you are constantly varying the type of push-up.Placing your hands closer together or further apart are two excellent ways to isolate different muscle groups and ensure you get the maximum return on your effort._20_For example,squats and lunges for your legs,pull-ups and chin-ups for your upper body,and crunches and planks for your core.With every exercise,you should keep track of how many you do and measure your improvements over time.In addition,keep in mind that once a specific exercise gets too easy,there are always plenty of changes to help increase is difficulty.There are so many strength training exercises that are simple,easy to do at home,and great for your health.Why not give them a try?Just remember:the hardest part is getting started!A.Instead,they can try taking a bath o fall asleep.B.People may fear it is a hard work to insist on strength training.C.Of all the benefits,maybe the best part is your improved confidence.D.Without leaving the comfort of your home,you are probably familiar with push-ups.E.Building muscle strength does more than just help you lift heavier things and lose weight.F.Womens common fear is that lifting weights will make them look too bulky.G.There are also other simple ways to increase muscle strength.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Ive never thought that a fundraiser could have had such a huge influence on my life.Back in 5th grade,our school announced a fundraiser and each class would get a box to fill it up withsmall_21_.To make my class to come to the first place in the fundraiser,I took two fifty-dollar bills_22_to school and tossed them into the box.Two weeks later,my parents asked me about the_23_.They said they had discovered the truth and werent_24_,but I must do something to_25_it.My dad had the perfect idea in mind.The day_26_Christmas,he took me to St.Johns Hospice and said we were going to be_27_in the kitchen,making meals for the 300400_28_men that came in each day.As the lunch began,I thought I could_29_this by playing with my new toys.But_30_the mealtime went on,I found these men were overjoyed at the_31_food they were receiving,which I couldnt_32_.I considered it a fairly common winter meal.I had always heard about giving to the needy,but I never fully_33_it until that day.It was enlightening（富有启发性的）to see how thankful they were for something that I thought was_34_.I learned that I didnt_35_need all the materialistic things I initially（最初）desired.On the drive home,my dad_36_McDonalds for lunch and I immediately answered no.I knew that I didnt_37_it.That day I came to know how_38_the feeling is to help people in need.I now return to St Johns Hospice every year,trying to make a_39_.This is why I am becoming a doctor.I will make a difference in peoples lives just like my father_40_on that December 26th.21.A.cloth B.cards C.change D.books 22.A.typically B.secretly C.seriously D.carefully 23.A.prize B.box C.present D.money 24.A.angry B.shy C.wise D.calm 25.A.come up with B.look back on C.make up for D.get back to 26.A.after B.from C.over D.for 27.A.eating B.working C.standing D.sleeping 28.A.homeless B.friendless C.disabled D.upset 29.A.succeed in B.wait for C.leave out D.get over 30.A.although B.unless C.as D.since 31.A.fast B.simple C.tasty D.healthy 32.A.avoid B.remember C.possess D.believe 33.A.understood B.accepted C.supported D.imagined 34.A.useless B.funny C.cheap D.silly 35.A.usually B.really C.merely D.roughly 36.A.admitted B.insisted C.required D.suggested 37.A.doubt B.notice C.need D.gather 38.A.familiar B.mature C.similar D.good 39.A.plan B.difference C.decision D.record 40.A.did B.took C.enjoyed D.promised 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 On our way to the house,it was raining_41._hard that we couldnt help_42._(wonder)how long it would take_43._(get)there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were fir
