2021届中山市南头高级中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析.pdf

2021 届中山市南头高级中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Amid the coronavirus outbreak,the U.S.Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two-week supply of water and food.Potatoes Shelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool,dry,dark place Yukon Gold,red,and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks.Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks.Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life.Dont store them next to onions,however.The two might go together well in cooking,but raw,each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea Shelf life：6 to 12 months past sell-by date Dried tea leaves,whether loose(in a sealed container)or in teabags(in an unopened box)can easily last a year or more if they re not subjected to damp or humidity.However,the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts Shelf life：1 to 2 months Peanuts in their shell,especially when kept cool and dry,are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables Shelf life：1 to 2 years past sell-by”date Canningis an extremely efficient means of preserving food.Generally speaking,if canned foods arent subjected to extreme heat,their contents should stay good for two years or more.Be aware,however,of dented cans or those with swollen tops,which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1.Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A.Potatoes.B.Tea.C.Peanuts.D.Canned fruits and vegetables.2.What is special about tea?A.The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B.Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C.Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D.The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3.What may shorten the sell-by”date of canned foods?A.Shapes of cans.B.Categories of foods.C.Decline of the temperature.D.Exposure to high temperature.B Ask a classroom of children to draw a scientist,and youll see plenty of color1 ed lab coats and glasses.The image(画像)hasnt changed much since the 1960s,but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids?drawings in recent decades going from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.The first of many“draw-a-scientist studies asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966 and 1977.Of those 5,000 drawings,only 28 drew female scientists.That was just 0.56 percent.Today,female scientists are being presented more in the media.For example,in a content analysis,13 percent of people pictured in science feature stories of the 1960s were women or girls,compared with 44 percent in the 2000s.“That might really affect childrens idea on what a scientist should be like,”says Miller,a Ph.D.candidate in psychology.To look for changes in childrensperceptionover time,the researchers conducted a meta-analysis,combining data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade.On average,28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.What hasnt changed much:kids pick up stereotypes(模式化观念）by gender(性别）as they grow up.At age 6,about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studiesdrew female scientists.By age 16,75 percent drew male scientists.This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes.Its important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.4.Whats the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s,kid like?A.A man with long curly hair.B.A woman with lab glasses.C.A woman in a formal lab suit.D.A man in a color1 ed lab coat.5.What may contribute to the changes in kids drawings?A.The improvement of women social status.B.The kids are affected by teachers and parents.C.More female scientists appear in the media.D.The increasing number of female scientists.6.What does the underlined word“perception”in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A.Belief.B.Idea.C.Habit.D.Growth.7.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.A.its a stereotype that scientists are generally males B.girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boys C.some children are born with certain stereotypes D.most children tend to prefer female scientists C It was once considered an important status symbol-but having a home phone is increasingly seen asa white elephant.New figures show that one in five households no longer bother with a landline（固定电话），and almost a third of those that do never actually use it.The vast majority of people who still have a home phone 72 percent say they only have it because it is part of their broadband package.But thats not the only reason to desert the home phone-20 percent of those surveyed said that they were fed up with the number of cold calls and would-be scammers（诈骗者）.Digital media expert Dr.Elinor Carmi said there was a generational and social divide in phone use.She explained：If you,re young and have the mobility to go outside,you would rely on a mobile phone.But if you are older,disabled and perhaps poorer,our research shows youre more likely to use a landline.If you are richer,you will have access to more smart devices-a smart TV,smartphone or laptop.But the poorer you are-or if you are older,your use of these devices is more limited.”Last year,research from regulator Ofcom found that the amount of time spent on landline calls annually in theUKhad halved over just six years,to 54 billion minutes.The new study also showed that more than a quarter of households have decided to find a broadband provider that does not charge for their unused landline,but only six percent have done so.8.The underlined part“a white elephant in Paragraph 1 probably refers to something that is A.costly but effective B.useful and beautiful C.expensive but useless D.cheap and necessary 9.Whats the main reason why some people still have a home phone?A.Their broadband package contains it.B.Their family can only afford to use it.C.They are used to using a home phone.D.They consider it an important status symbol.10.Which of the following is more likely to use a landline?A.A young adventurer.B.An old poor gardener.C.An outdoor photographer.D.A famous indoor designer.11.Whats the best title of the text?A.End of the landline?B.Fed up with cold calls?C.The history of phones D.Different choices of phones D My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years.One day,we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground.They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts.We called it“No Butts About It”.At first,we drew pictures with“The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them.We put the pictures around our hometownin parks,by beaches,and along roads.We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment.Most smokers dont think that dropping butts hurts the Earth.But it does,and all rubbish does!Later,we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us.We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers.We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didnt have to drop butts.At the moment,we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes.Some companies want to do it.Many people have started to join our group since it began.Today there are 45 other“No Butts About It”groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia,andIndia!Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years.And we have won many prizes for what we do.But we are not interested in prizes.We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals,plants and people.One day,it will be.12.What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A.They made the town smelly.B.They made the town unhealthy.C.They made the town dirty.D.They made the town poor.13.What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A.Give ashtrays to the smokers.B.Stop people buying cigarettes.C.Pick up the cigarette butts.D.Win prizes for starting groups.14.From the passage we can know that _.A.no companies wanted to give money to them B.The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place C.There are only 45”No Butts About It”D.The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes 215.Which is the best tittle for the passage?A.Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B.Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C.Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D.No Butts Prize.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Being addicted to alcohol is harmful,which ruins your life,career and family.The following are several tips for helping people stop drinking.First Step The first step to stop drinking is to know why you want to stop drinking.Make a list of reasons for stopping drinking alcohol._16_It would be better to display it in several places like on your fridge door and in your handbag to increase chances.Reduce Drinking Alcohol Gradually If youre a heavy drinker for a long time,it may not be possible for you to put a full stop to drinking within one day._17_In addition,fix a date for a final complete stop.Talk to Your Doctor Alcohol addiction is a disease,and may have caused a few chemical changes inyour body system.It might have affected your important organs such as the liver,heart,kidneys,and so on._18_ Join Support Groups There are many support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous(互助协会)._19_They provide practical tips and suggestionsbased on their own experience.Learn to Say a Firm No Friends at drinking clubs may invite you to drink with reasons._20_You should learn to stay active by developing new hobbies and interests and spending that alcohol drinking time with your family and friends.A.Turn down their invitations with polite yet firm Nos.B.Alcohol can influence peoples health and how they act.C.You can also look for a friends help to complete the list.D.Usually,therefore,you need expert medical help for treatment.E.The very best choice might be to drink less and then stop drinking gradually.F.Their membership consists of previous alcohol addicts who have successfully given up their addiction.G.For example,people may drink to deal with problems like boredom,stress and money troubles.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 A few months ago,one of my fellow graduate students was offered an incredible career-building opportunity.His efforts on a student-led campaign to increase federal funding for basic research had_21_an invitation to speak on a conference panel(专家组).It would look great on his CV(简历).I was_22_for him,of course.I had been a(n)_23_partner in the campaign.I felt that I deserved the same opportunity.Yet I hadnt been_24_,and I wasnt sure why.Growing up,I had been taught that the way to_25_was to put my head down and work hard.If my work was good enough,it would speak for itself and I would be_26_.This,coupled with a natural_27_,meant that I_28_worked up the nerve to put myself forward.However,I decided that I need to_29_my life again by becoming my own biggest_30_.So,with my_31_beating fast,I asked my colleague to ask the panel organizers to_32_me.My mind flooded with a list of well-practiced_33_.Maybe I didnt deserve it.Maybe I was being too_34_.But my colleague immediately contacted the organizers,who quickly agreed to_35_me to the panel.Ive come to understand that I cant be recognized for my work if Im invisible.This isnt a revolutionary_36_,I know,but as an introvert(内向的人)this is my_37_Mount Qomolangma.I think advocating for myself will always make me a little_38_.But I do plenty of other uncomfortable things to_39_Im living my best life,like getting flu shots.I suppose I can do the same for my_40_ 21.A.turned down B.lacked for C.referred to D.led to 22.A.thankful B.happy C.sorry D.ready 23.A.legal B.mental C.equal D.special 24.A.invited B.promoted C.informed D.dismissed 25.A.practice B.success C.power D.reality 26.A.observed B.protected C.attracted D.rewarded 27.A.shyness B.warmth C.kindness D.sweetness 28.A.quietly B.frequently C.rarely D.completely 29.A.make sense of B.take control of C.pay attention to D.find fault with 30.A.advocate B.promise C.harvest D.sacrifice 31.A.brain B.bone C.heart D.stomach 32.A.question B.include C.serve D.withdraw 33.A.get-together B.background C.self-doubt D.breakthrough 34.A.stubborn B.proud C.nervous D.ambitious 35.A.add B.send C.report D.track 36.A.test B.idea C.visit D.plan 37.A.personal B.professional C.skeptical D.traditional 38.A.unreasonable B.dishonest C.uncomfortable D.discontent 39.A.figure B.predict C.record D.ensure 40.A.health B.colleague C.education D.career 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The_41._(possible)for 3D printer are endless.With the right printer and the related knowledge you can print anything.If you are a hobbyist or_42._(simple)creative and open-minded,then having a 3Dprinter at home could not only be fun but also_43._(use).Thousands of people make a living by_44._(design)and printing 3D items at home to sell online.If you_45._(be)good at 3D printing,you can offer your 3D services_46._others and start a small business from home.If you have no experience with 3D printers you should start by educating_47._(you),reading a lot about the technology.Try designing a 3D object and getting it_48._(print)by one of the online 3D printing services.But dont rush into purchasing a 3D printer.Consider_49._you would use it for and whether you really need to own one.Once you have decided that you have to have one,you need to consult with_50._expert about which 3D printer suits you best.第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节短文改错（满分 10 分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。I like running.Ever since I am in third grade,I have been trained as a long-distance runner.Last year I decided run in a ten-kilometer race,for which I practiced hard.At the day of the race,I ran fast than I ever had in the past.When I approached to the last kilometer,I was one of thefirst runner tofinish.I picked up the pace and quick reached second place.With all my strength,I went dashing to thefinish line,and I wasnt fast enough.As the result,I got a silver medal,that I thought was the same as the one that the guy who came infirst place had.第二节书面表达（满分 25 分）52.假定你是李华，应邀在校运动会的开幕式上发表演讲，请用英文写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1.体育运动的重要性；2.平时你的运动习惯；3.预祝运动会取得成功。注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考答案 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.E 18.D 19.F 20.A 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.D 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.A 31.C 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.D 41.possibilities 42.simply 43.useful 44.designing 45.are 46.to 47.yourself 48.printed 49.w