2021年荣成市第十八中学高三英语下学期期中试卷及答案解析.pdf

2021 年荣成市第十八中学高三英语下学期期中试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症)and other cognitive(认知的)issues,a new study finds.Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors(ages 65 to 85)dementia risk and cognitive abilities,finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours.Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues,but the researchers didnt find the same high dementia risk in this group.The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle,especially as they get older.As adults age,its common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted leading to longer,shorter,or more irregular sleep.This disruption may be linked to Alzheimers and other forms of dementia,impacting seniors ability to remember information,problem-solve,and go through everyday behaviors.Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression,cardiovascular disease（冠心病）,and other conditions.A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours,the researchers said.Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep,while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid,a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimers.In addition,the researchers used several tests for memory,attention,spatial skills,and executive function to identify patients cognitive abilities.Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia,the researchers found.The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests,while those with higher sleep(more hours)performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brains ability to switch between different tasks.The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life,Winer told CNN.1.What does the underlined word“disrupted”in paragraph 4 mean?A.difficult B.disordered C.dissolved D.different 2.According to the findings,which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?A.It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.B.It may contribute to dementia,cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.C.Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.3.What can we infer from the study?A.A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.B.Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.C.Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.D.Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.B If you could travel back in time,which period of history would you visit?Its a great question to ask your friends,and time travel is the subject of many science fiction films.Of course,sci-fi is familiar to most of us,butwhat is cli-fi?The simple answer is climate fiction which focuses on the subject of climate change.Many of the cli-fi examples we watch tend to be disaster films.It could be solar flares(太阳耀斑),ice ages devastating(摧毁)the planet,extreme flooding swamping the earth with water,or super-storms that threaten life as we know it.While films and novels of this style are often subject to the typical images of a hero or heroine battling to save the day,what sets it apart from most sci-fi films is that the plots will often draw on apparently reasonable outcomes in the near future.Climate change and the potential threats have long been established.Some believe that the issue of climate change has even led to more fans watching films to learn more about whats happening to the world seeing it as a form of edutainment.A study conducted by the Yale programme on Climate Change Communication tested the effects that two climate fiction novels can have on its readers and found“significant positive effects”in terms of their attitudes and beliefs towards the climate crisis for example,understanding global warming will harm them and future generations.Most climate films are not only extremely popular action films,but also cause our fear of what some see as the approaching end of the world.This sounds bad,but according to a study conducted on 310 adults in the US,watching such scary films can help us feel more prepared and less alone in situations such as the pandemic(疫情).So,it looks like cli-fi is hereto stay and there seem to be some benefits.Whether its there to educate,entertain or prepare you for a climate crisis,it might have a role to play.4.Which of the following may be the subject of cli-fi?A.Time travel.B.Global warming.C.Weather forecast.D.Economic climate.5.What can we learn about cli-fi films from paragraph 2?A.They are often about extreme natural disasters.B.They want to show that man can conquer nature.C.They usually have similar plots with sci-fi films.D.They can show the true near future of the world.6.Why is the study conducted by the Yale programme mentioned in paragraph 3?A.To prove that climate change has potential threats.B.To show that people like climate fiction novels.C.To tell that cli-fi novels have positive effects on readers.D.To explain how the climate crisis affect the human being.7.What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.Cli-fi films are very popular as action films.B.A study was conducted on 310 adults in theUS.C.The pandemic make people scared and alone.D.Cli-fi films are useful and will be here to stay.C Brian Hamiltons life changed in a prison when he went there with his friend,Reverend Robert J.Harris,who often went to local prisons to do ministry work.During the visit,Hamiltonstarted talking to one of the prisoners and asked what he was going to do when he got out.“He said he was going to get a job,”Hamiltonrecalls.“I thought to myself,wow,thats going to be difficult with a criminal background.”The conversation madeHamiltonconsider how to help those who came out from prison.Finally in 2008,16 years after that initial conversation,Hamiltoncreated Inmates to Entrepreneurs,a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses.At the time,Hamiltonwas building his own company,a software technology company for the banking industry.As his company grew,so didHamiltons time devoted to giving lessons to prisoners.He averaged three to four courses a month at prisons throughoutNorth Carolina.Eventually,Hamiltondecided to shift his focus to his true passion.In May 2019,he sold his company and focused on helping those who were imprisoned.His online courses will be set next year.“By March 1,2022,anyone will be able to access the courses,either to become a certificated instructor or to access it for themselves as a prisoner or part of the general population,”Hamiltonexplained.In addition,he visits middle schools and presents the course to at-risk students as a preventative measure against crime.The free course is funded by the recently established Brian Hamilton Foundation,which offers assistance to military members as they return to civilian life and provides loans o small businesses.“Starting up a business isnt for everyone,but if we make opportunities available,and let people know that other people care about them,it makes a difference.”Hamiltonsaid.8.Why did Brian Hamilton went to a prison?A.He accompanied his friend.B.He took lessons in the prison.C.He wanted to get a job in the prison.D.He had a friend who was in prison.9.What can be inferred about Inmates to Entrepreneurs?A.It often assists military members.B It provides loans to small businesses.C.Its course has been largely broadened.D.It is an organization intended for business men.10.According to the author,which of the following best describesHamilton?A.He is a man who always changes his mind.B.He has a sense of social responsibility.C.He is good at running a big company.D.He makes money by giving lessons.11.What is the main idea of the text?A.A man made a fruitless visit to the prison.B.A man sold his business to teach prisoners.C.A man realized his dream of being a teacher.D.A man successfully created two organizations.D The idea of low material desire,low consumption and refusing to work,marry and have children,concluded as a“lying down”lifestyle,recentlystruck a chord withmany young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.Many millennials(千禧一代)and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens,including work stress,family disputes(纷争)and financial strains,have pushed them“against the wall”.They said they hate the“involution(内卷),”joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.“Instead of always following the virtues of struggle,endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses,they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis(宣泄)and adjustment,”said a scholar.“It is no wonder that some young people,under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage(按揭)today,would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”Interestingly,the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times,who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy,acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest.It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions,some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work.But in fact,lying down is not entirely comfortable.Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale(士气)far beyond their reach.“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future,but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,”a postgraduate student told the Global Times.“Its no use running away.I have to stand up and face the reality sooner or later.”12.What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?A.Warned.B.Criticized.C.Touched.D.Amused.13.What might have caused the“lying down”lifestyle among the young?A.Improvements in living conditions.B.Growing pressure from family and social life.C.Increasing material possessions from families.D.Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.14.Whats the scholars attitude toward the“lying down”group?A.Understanding.B.Intolerant.C.Supportive.D.Unclear.15.What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?A.They never really drop their responsibilities.B.They really enjoy the“lying down”lifestyle.C.They find their dreams far beyond their reach.D.They would rather escape than take challenges.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Slash(斜杠)Careers What is your job?Are you a teacher or a businessperson?Or maybe you are a lawyer/writer or a teacher/photographer._16_The term“slash career”comes from the punctuation mark(标识符)a slash that comes between job titles.People with slash careers often have a primary job that provides for most of their needs.The primary job usually comes before the slash._17_This secondary job can help supplement the persons income.Why would anyone want more than one job?Some people look to their jobs for opportunities to develop their interests.But most people have too many interests for one job.Secondary jobs can be enjoyable if they include interests that the primary job doesnt touch.Some people who encourage slash careers say they actually help with work-life balance._18_ On the other hand,a slash career can be dangerous for work-life balance._19_One might give up necessary things like relaxation,exercise or time with ones family.People with slash careers need to think carefully about how they use their time.This includes knowing when to stop working.The clear advantage to slash careers is the extra income that secondary jobs provide.Its always helpful to have a little extra money to spend or to save._20_With a slash career losing ones job does not mean losing ones entire income.Or a secondary job may be so successful that it can turn into ones primary job.If your interests stretch beyond your ordinary job,a slash career may work for you.A.Slash careers provide extra money.B.Slash careers also make ones life more stable.C.Working more than one job can fill up all of your time.D.If you have more than one job,you have a slash career.E.It shows the person is creative and willing to work hard.F.The job after the slash is often based on a persons interests.G.Thats because they can give people an opportunity to express themselves.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 At stations inLondongoes a tradition that warm and inspirational words are written on White Boards for emotional support.Its been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles was inspired to_21_the“blank faces”of commuters(往返上班者)with a daily dose(剂量)of_22_from his favorite book,Tao Te Ching,the key text in the ancient Chinese philosophical tradition of Taoism.This_23_of writing a meaningful sentence on the board is named Thought of the Day.At the beginning of2018,on the board is“A journey of a thousand must begin with a single_24_.”“If its_25_for me,perhaps when passengers see it,it will allow them to_26_for a moment and could distract them from whatever was_27_their mind.”Mr.Gentles said.Offering up pearls of wisdom fromChinawas his way of_28_to make people feel more_29_as they used the underground.Mr.Gentles_30_how one man wandered about on the platform for 20 minutes before heading back to the atrium(中厅)to pronounce that hed_31_“what the thought was_32_to me.”In the year 2007,Gentles_33_the job over to his colleague Glen Sutherland and ever since then Mr.Sutherland has written over 3,000 sentences on the_34_.He has taught himself calligraphy so as to_35_clear handwriting on it.Thought of the Day at Oval station of theLondonsubway has won world-wide attention and Sutherland_36_a story on the Twitter account of the station.Mr.Sutherland_37_a quote by Mirtha Legrand,a famous actress and television presenter in the South American country at the request of an Argentine family.But he hadnt_38_it was spoken highly of by the presenter in her program.He told BBC.“If its helping people,and giving people_39_feelings,then its good.But Im really_40_about 20,000 followers on Twitter for Thought of the Day I cant get my head around it.”21.A.turn down B.drive away C.light up D.bring about 22.A.comfort B.optimism C.happiness D.wisdom 23.A.practice B.skill C.hobby D.behavior 24.A.experience B.action C.step D.thought 25.A.comfortable B.inspirational C.ambiguous D.relevant 2