英语单词的构成有一定的规律.pdf

英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这些规律叫构词法。主要有四种：合成、转化、派生和缩略。常见的是前三种。合成 由两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词:Classroom，newspaper blackboard Schoolmate，newly-born hard-working police+man=policeman play+ground=playground birth+day=birthday after+noon=afternoon hand+bag=handbag every+where=everywhere bed+room=bedroom no+where=nowhere hand+writing=handwriting any+where=anywhere grand+parent=grandparent how+ever=however what+ever=whatever 转化 由一词类转化为另一词类：动词 walk、talk、look、swim etc.在短语 have a walk、have a talk、have a look、have a swim etc 中 则转化为名词；形容词 cool、warm、clean、etc可以转化为动词意为：使凉快、使温暖、打扫等。2高中阶段主要构词方法归纳：派生法和合成法（1）派生法 常用前缀 表“否定”un-unfair unable unlikely,in/im-impossible impossible incapable,dis-discover disagree dislike dishonest 表“重复”re-rewrite retell repeat reconsider 常用后缀 名词后缀-er/or/-tion/-ese/-ist/-ing/-ment/-ness/-ian“动作的执行者”名如：teacher visitor inventor organization congratulation invention Chinese Japanese pianist scientist violinist living greeting wedding movement treatment happiness illness sickness carelessness动 词 后 缀 ify/-ice/-ise/-en 使 变 beautify/realize/organize/sacrifice lengthen strengthen 形容词后缀 able/-ful/-y/-ive/-al/-an suitable comfortable movable beautiful careful useful sunny,windy,cloudy,snowy,sleepy,salty active,instructive musical medical physical American European Australian-ly 副词后缀 carefully really certainly 数词后缀-teen 表“十三至十九”fourteen fifteen nineteen-ty 表“二十、三十七十”forty sixty eighty-th 表“第几”fourth sixtieth ninth