2012级免费师范教育硕士英语试题+翻译解读.pdf

陕西师范大学 2012 级免费师范教育硕士英语试题 注意事项:一、本试题共 10 页，满分 100 分。答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。二、做选择题时，将所选答案书写在答题纸对应题号后的（）三、中英文尽可能做到字迹清晰、书写工整、疏密相间均匀、字体大小适当。四、英文作文必须逐行书写不得隔行或跳行。Part I Vocabulary and Structure(20%)第一部分词汇与结构（20%）Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.方向：在这个部分有 20 个不完整的句子。每个句子都有四个选项，B，C 和 D 中选择最适合的答案完成句子。1.My job varies between the extremely tedious and the annoyingly busy._ I think I am happier during the real busy times:no time to think about how bored I am.1。我的工作也非常繁琐和恼人的忙碌之间。我想我是幸福_在真正的忙碌：没有时间去想我有多无聊。A.On balance B.In addition C.Furthermore D.Aside from A.B.C.D.平衡之外，而且除了 2.We are all in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.2。我们都赞成你的建议，会议_。A.is called off B.should call off C.is to be called off D.be called off A.取消 B.应该取消 C.被取消 D.被取消 3._,I walked my dear father.3。_，我走我亲爱的父亲。A.Exhausted and hungry B.Having been exhausted and hungry A.B.已经又累又饿又累又饿 C.Being exhausted and hungry D.To be exhausted and hungry C.疲惫不堪，饿 D 是又累又饿 4.I stood still,trying to _ a plausible excuse.4。我站着不动，试图_一个似是而非的借口。A.create B.produce C.invent D.design A.B.C.D.设计发明创造产生 5.A new technique _ out,the output as a whole increased by 15 percent.5。新技术_，输出作为一个整体增加百分之 15。A.working B.having worked A.工作 B.工作 C.having been worked D to have been worked 有了 D 已经 6.She thinks its time we _ free school meals.6。她认为我们_免费学校餐。A.did for B.did with C.did without D.did away with A.B.C.做过了没有 D.7.He never regretted paying 300 Yuan for the bookcase.As a matter of fact he would gladly have paid _ for it.7。他从不后悔书柜支付 300 元。事实上，他愿意为它付_。A.as much twice B.twice as much A，B 两倍两倍 C.much as twice D as twice much C.两倍 D 倍多 8.He was attending a meeting,_ come to your birthday party then.8。他参加一个会议，_来参加你的生日聚会之后。A.unless he would have B.or he would 除非他会 B，或者他会 C.nevertheless he did not D or he would have 然而他没有 D 或他会 9.He _ the job _ because it involved too much traveling.9。他工作，因为它涉及_ _太多的旅行。A.turneddown B.turnedaway C.turned off D turnedover A.把下 B.把离开 C 关闭 D 在转 10.They have made changes in their plans for a new science park as you .10。他们已经改变了他们的一个新的科技园计划你。A.suggested B.have suggested C.had suggested D.suggest A.建议 B.建议 C.建议 D.建议 11In some areas of northwest China,intensive farming has brought about severe_ of the land,which accounted for poor harvest in recent years.11。在中国西北的一些地区，集约经营带来的土地严重_，占近年来收成。A.deforestation B.dejection A.砍伐森林 B.粪便 C.delectation D degeneration C.不愉快 D 变性 12The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always_ the scientists time-keeping methods.12。科学观测和计算精度总是_科学家的时间保持方法。A.at the mercy of B.in accordance with A.在 B.按照 摆布 C.under the guidance of D.by means of 三 博士的指导下通过 13Manufacturers raised the price of this product to _ the increased cost of material.13。制造厂家提出该产品的价格，材料成本增加_。A.write off B.offset A.注销 B.偏移 C.make for D.abstain from C.使 D.弃权 14Among other things was the discussion to reach a_ trade agreement between the two countries.14。在其他事情上是要达成一个两国_贸易协定的讨论。A.reciprocal B.merged A.互惠 B.合并 C.marketable D.mature C.D.成熟市场 15Nowadays more Chinese would like to hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants,despite the_ costs.They find it more enjoyable and physically less demanding.15。现在越来越多的中国人愿意在豪华饭店举行的团圆饭，尽管_成本。他们发现它更愉快和体力要求不高。A.hyperbolic B.inexorable A.双曲线 B.必然 C.exorbitant D.protean C.过度 D.千变万化 16.Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _the birth of Jesus Christ.16。圣诞节是基督教节日通常在十二月二十五日庆祝_耶稣基督的诞生。A.in accordance with B.in terms of A.根据 B.从 C.in favor of D.in honor of C.赞成 D.荣誉 17.The _ to overthrow the revolutionary regime was unearthed and promptly smashed.17。_推翻的革命政权被发现并立即粉碎。A.conspiracy B.trick A.B.诡计阴谋 C.intrigue D.plot C.D.阴谋阴谋 18.In the last couple of days,a number of areas in China were hit by heavy snowfalls,powerful winds or suffocating sandstorms.The extremely bad weather has _ the transportation system in the areas.18。在过去的几天里，一些地区在中国遭遇大雪，强风或令人窒息的沙尘暴。极端恶劣的天气_运输系统的地区。A.constrained B.cussed A.约束 B.了 C.crippled D.chucked C.残废 D.把 19.My father is researching the spread of AIDs.And he is _ in his presentation of experiments.19。我的父亲是研究艾滋病的传播。他是在他的演示实验_。A.relevant B.sacred A.有关 B.神圣 C.protean D.meticulous C.D.细致千变万化 20.Mr.John made a very wonderful after-dinner speech.His _ mind,graceful manner and fluent words moved all the participants deeply.20。约翰先生做了一个非常美妙的餐后演讲。他优雅的举止和流利_心灵，感动所有的与会者深入。A.awesome B.articulate A.B.清晰的可怕 C.agile D.arbitrary C.敏捷 D.任意 Part II Reading Comprehension(40%)第二部分阅读理解（40%）Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice.方向：在这个部分有 4 个通道。其次是通过每一个问题或未完成的报表五。每个问题有四个选择 A，B，C 和 D，你应该决定的最佳选择。Passage One 通道一 When your parents advise you to get an education in order to raise your income,they tell you only half the truth.What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society,but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.当你的父母劝你“接受教育”，以提高你的收入，他们告诉你只有一半的真相。他们真正的意思是接受足够的教育，为社会提供人力，但没有这么多，你证明了你的社会尴尬。Get a high school diploma,at least.Without that,you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison,and you can successfully dropout in grade school.获得高中毕业文凭，至少。如果没有，你除非你的名字是萧伯纳或阿尔瓦爱迪生托马斯职业死了，你可以成功的辍学学生在小学。Get a college degree,if possible.With a B.A.,you are on the launching pad.But now you have to start to put on the brakes.If you go for a masters degree,make sure it is an M.B.A.,and is famous.有一个大学学位，如果可能的话。具有学士学位，你是在发射台。但是现在你已经开始刹车。如果你去一个硕士学位，确保它是一个工商管理硕士，是著名的。Do you know,for instance,that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors?Yes,the average 1977 salary for those truckers was$24000 while the full professors managed to earn just$23030.你知道，例如，长途卡车司机每年收入超过全职教授？是的，那些卡车司机的平均 1977薪金是 24000 美元，而正教授设法赢得 23030 美元。A Ph.D.is the highest degree you can get.Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes,if you pursue such a degree in any other field,you will face a dim future.There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.博士学位是你能得到的最高学位。除了少数专业领域如物理或化学的程度可以很快转为工业或商业用途，如果你追求这种在任何其他领域的学位，你将面临一个暗淡的未来。有更多的博士失业或半失业在这个国家比世界上任何其他部分。If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy,you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands.Not for our needs,mind you,but for our demands.如果你成为一个哲学英语、历史、人类学、政治科学或语言或最糟糕的哲学博士，你冒的风险模型为我们的国家需求。不适合我们的需要，记住你，但我们的要求。Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes,driving cars,waiting on table,and endlessly filling out applications month after month.They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.成千上万的博士们都卖鞋，驾驶汽车，在无休止地填写申请表，一个月后。他们也可以工作在一些高中或大学，回水比管理员支付赚的不多。You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far.Far enough,that is,to make you useful to the gross national product,but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.你可以把收入水平与教育水平只有到目前为止。远远不够，那就是，让你有用的国民生产总值，但不到目前为止，没有人可以打开一个关于你的利润。21.According to the writer,what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _.21。作者认为，社会所期望的教育是把人_。A.will not be a disgrace to society B.will become loyal citizens 答：不会是社会的耻辱将成为忠诚的公民 B.C.can take care of themselves D.can meet the nations demands as a source of manpower C.可以照顾自己可以满足国家的要求作为人力资源 22.Many Ph.D.s are out of job because _.22。许多博士失业因为_。A.they are improperly educated 他们是没有受过教育的 B.they are of little commercial value to their society 他们是什么商业价值的社会 C.there are fewer jobs in high schools C.有更少的工作中学 D.they prefer easier jobs that make more money 他们喜欢比较轻松的工作，赚更多的钱 23.The nation is only interested in people _.23。国家是人_唯一感兴趣的。A.with diplomas A.与文凭 B.who specialize in physics and chemistry B.擅长物理和化学 C.who are valuable to the gross national product C.谁是国民生产总值的价值 D.both A and C D.A 和 C 24.Which of the following is not true?_ 24。下列哪项是不正确的？_ A.Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools,nor did Edison.A.肖伯纳没有完成高中，爱迪生也没。B.One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.B.必须追求一个硕士学位前仔细思考。C.The higher your education level,the more money you will earn.C.你的更高的教育水平，你会挣到更多的钱。D.If you are too well-educated,youll be overeducated for societys demands.如果你也受过良好的教育，你是教育对社会的需求。25.The writer sees education as _.25。笔者认为，教育作为_。A.a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a countrys demands for technical workers A.手段提供工作安全、金融安全和满足国家对技术工人的需求的一种手段 B.a way to broaden ones horizons B.一种开阔眼界 C.more important than finding a job C.比找工作更重要 D.an opportunity that everyone should have D.一个机会，每个人都应该有 Passage Two 两个通道 In the mid-nineteenth century,the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry.Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery,transportation facilities,and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth.Iron,coal,and oil the basic ingredients of industrial growth were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise,organizational skill,and labor.在第十九世纪中叶，美国有巨大的自然资源可利用以发展重工业。最重要的，在机械制造，交通设施是重要的原材料和消费品的准备，努力成为财富。铁，煤，和石油工业增长的基本成分丰富，只需要的技术专长，应用组织能力，和劳动。One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads.The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spiders web,with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials,their places of manufacture,and their centers of distribution.The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers,but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel,iron,and coal.在这场运动中的一个重要发展走向产业化是铁路的发展。铁路网络迅速扩大到美国铁路地图看起来像一个蜘蛛网，用钢丝连接的所有原料的重要来源，其制造的地方，和它们的分布中心。铁路促进了工业的增长不仅通过连接这些主要的中心，而且本身消耗大量的燃料和煤，铁。Many factors influenced emerging modes of production.For example,machine tools,the tools used to make goods,were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs.The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and distributors.The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that,in turn,was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery.American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.许多因素影响生产的新兴模式。例如，机床，工具的使用使产品，不断提高在第十九世纪的后半部分总是需要更快的生产和较低的单位成本。工厂的产品正在迅速的成长中的城市，保护工人和经销商吸收。城市人口的增加是靠增加农业生产，反过来，是由新的农业机械的使用更高效。美国的农业生产保持了城市的需求，还销往欧洲工业中心的盈余。The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery,in part from Asia,and in part form Europe.Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities.The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part,but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own“money market”.劳动，把工厂和修建铁路招募部分来自美国农场的地方，人被农业机械取代，部分来自亚洲，欧洲和部分形式。欧洲现在开始派潮从东部和南部的欧洲移民大多数都是贫穷的农民，但最初定居在美国的工业城市。钱对美国经济的巨大扩张金融仍然来自欧洲最重要的金融家，但美国人有朝一日扩张资金可以在自己的“货币市场”。26.What does the passage mainly discuss?26。这篇文章主要讨论什么？A.The history of railroads in the United States.答：在美国铁路的历史。B.The major United States industrial centers.B.美国的主要工业中心。C.Factors that affected industrialization in the United States.C.因素在美国，受影响的产业化。D.The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century.在第十九世纪农业的作用。27.The word“ingredients”in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _.27。“成分”在第一段的意思最接近的是_。A.minerals B.products C.methods D.components A.B.C.D.成分矿物产品的方法 28.According to the passage,all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that _.28。根据文章，以下都是在第十九世纪在美国铁路公司真的除了_。A.they connected important industrial cities 他们连接重要的工业城市 B.they were necessary to the industrialization process 他们必要的工业化进程 C.they were expanded in a short time 他们在短时间内扩大 D.they used relatively small quantities of natural resources 他们使用自然资源的数量相对较少 29.According to the passage,what was one effect of the improvement of machine tools?29。根据文章，对机床的改进的一个效果是什么？A.Lower manufacturing costs.A.降低生产成本。B.Better distribution of goods.B.更好的货物配送。C.More efficient transportation of natural resources.C.更有效地运输自然资源。D.A reduction in industrial jobs.D.在工业工作的减少。30.Which of the following is NOT true of the United States farmers in the nineteenth century?30。哪个不是在第十九世纪的美国农民，真的吗？A.They lost some jobs because of mechanization.他们失去了一些工作因为机械化。B.They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas.他们无法为城市提供充足的食物。C.They raised their productivity by using new machinery.他们提高他们的生产力的新机器。D.They sold food to European countries.他们出售的食品，欧洲国家。Passage Three Passage 三 Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty.That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction,they have begun to come close.自从人类有了创造力，人们设计出更巧妙的工具来处理那些危险的，枯燥的，繁重的，或肮脏的。这种不得已的行为导致了机器人的各种人类的能力赋予机器的科学。如果科学家们还创造出科幻小说中的机器，他们已经开始接近。As a result,the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics,there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.因此，现代社会有了越来越多的智能装置，虽然我们几乎都注意不到，但它们的普遍存在已删除了大量的人类劳动。我们的工厂里轰鸣着机器人组装臂的节奏。我们的银行业务在自动柜员机，感谢我们的交易做机械的礼貌。我们的地铁由不知疲倦的机器人司机驾驶。由于电子和微观机械仪器的不断缩小，现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米的脑部和骨髓手术的精确性远远超过熟练的医生用他们的双手所能达到。But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,”says Dave Lavery,manager of a robotics program at NASA,“we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”但是如果机器人要达到节省劳力的下一个阶段，它们将必须在更少的人力监督能够为自己做一些决定至少一个目标将是一个真正的挑战。“虽然我们知道如何让机器人去处理一个特定的错误，”戴夫 Lavery