大学英语B复习指导1(交际用语).pdf
大学英语大学英语 B B 复习指导复习指导(1)(1).交际用语交际用语日常交际用语是大学英语 B 统考试题中的第一部分，目的是检测考生在不同的情境中运用英语进行交际的能力。该部分以选择题形式出题，包括 10 个小题，每题 1 分，共10 分，考试建议时间为10 分钟。在复习该部分知识时，注意以下两个方面：一、解题技巧（一）探索答语的规律（一）探索答语的规律在学习、使用和复习交际用语部分时，大家要掌握使用交际用语的几个原则：A.A.礼貌原则礼貌原则无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不刺耳，例如：Do you think I can use your car for one day?.A.Im afraid not.B.No,you cant.D.Absolutely not.C.I wont let you do that.解析：解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。因此选 A。礼貌原则还表现在拒绝一个请求的方式上：一种是委婉地回绝，上面例子“Im afraidnot”就是这种情况；另一种是先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意的意思。例如：I would like to，butThats a good idea，butB.B.利他原则利他原则在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向，例如：I am going to the City Hall,can you tell me how to get there,madam?.A.No,you dont knowB.I dont know.C.Yes,you will.D.Sorry,I am new here too.But you can ask the policeman over there.解析：解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选 D，首先表示歉意，自己也不知道，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C.C.文化遵从原则文化遵从原则在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例如：Mary,your dress is really beautiful.How is John?.A.Thank you very muchB.No,no,John is not badC.Thank you.He is fineD.Dont say that.Its ugly.John isgood解析：解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等，反而就不礼貌了，这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样，所以选C。（二）排除法（二）排除法我们发现，交际用语部分试题的选项中，错误选项不但错得比较明显，而且有一定规律可循，这为我们在解题时使用排除法提供了机会。错项的类型大体有：A.选项本身语法错误；B.选项议题与谈话主题无关；C.选项明显违反上述三原则；D.选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点；例如：例如：1）Mary,are you and your husband busy this weekend?.A.this weekend we may go to cinemaC.Oh,its none of your businessB.No,were notD.Welcome to our party讲解：讲解：Mary 的问题包含了“忙不忙”的询问，她可能想邀请对方作点什么。选项 A属于上述 D 的情况，虽然与提问句的主题有关，但并未直接提供“忙”还是“不忙”的信息；C 回答很不客气，显然违反礼貌原则；D 与谈话主题无关，最后只剩下B 是答案。2）You are not the manager here,are you?.A.Yes,Im notB.No,I amC.Yes,I amD.No,not at all讲解：讲解：选项 A，B 都属于本身语法错误，不看发问句也可以排除。D 语法无错，但不能提供发问句要求的信息，属错项，答案是C。通过对近几次统考试题的分析，我们发现交际用语的考查形式多样：既有给出第一句问语，选答语的情况；也有给出答语，选第一句问语的情况（当然前者居多）。还有一些新的考查形式：如给出问语或答语的一部分，让考生补充完整问语或答语。事实上，这就给了考生更多的提示，缩小了选择的范围，在一定程度上降低了试题的难度。在做类似考题时，应抓住题干中已有文字提供的信息，选择最符合题意的选项，排除干扰项。例如：例如：3）Would you like another slice of Christmas cake?Im full.A.Yes,please.C.Why not?B.No more,thanks.D.Nothing more.讲解：讲解：第一说话人询问对方“你要不要再吃一块圣诞蛋糕？”，根据答者的第二句话 Im full.“我吃饱了”，推断出前一句的答语应该是No more,thanks“吃不下了，谢谢”。而选项 A，C 表示接受邀请，D 表示“没有什么（要说/做）的了”，均不符合题意，可直接排除。所以选 B。二、交际用语模拟试题讲解交际用语在统考试题中，考察题型主要可分为以下三类：询问类试题，询问类试题，约占该部分考题36.7%了；看法类试题，看法类试题，约占该部分考题 26.7%；功能类用语试题，功能类用语试题，约约占该部分考题 36.6%。在下面的讲解中，我们按照这种分类，先总结每类交际用语的常用句型常用句型，然后列举典型示例（部分示例选自大学英语（B）六套模拟题中的相关交际用语试题）。三大类试题中各小类按在考试中出现的频率，从高到低排序进行讲解。同学们在复习备考时，应尽量记住统考用书中类似题例，记住几乎就等于得分记住几乎就等于得分 10%10%。（一）（一）询问类询问类1 1、请求允许和应答请求允许和应答第一：A.提出请求May/Can/could I use(borrow/take/ask/see)？(我可以用/借/问/看吗？)I wonder/I am wondering if?Would you please？Do you think?B.回答请求同意Sure./Certainly./Of course./By all means./Yes,do please./Here you are./Helpyourself.(可以/当然/拿去/请便。)回绝Im afraid(我恐怕)(不知道我能否？)(能请你吗？)(你是否认为？)Im sorry,but(对不起，但是)(很抱歉，不行。/你最好别这Im sorry you cant./Youd better not.样。)【典型示例】【典型示例】1)Could I borrow your car for a few days?（大学英语（B）Test 3,3）.A.Yes,you may borrow.B.Yes,go on.D.It doesnt matter.C.Sure,here you are.Enjoy your journey.答案：答案：C C2)I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?Im not using it right now.（大学英语（B）Test 6,1）A.Sure,go ahead.B.I dont know.D.Who caresC.It doesnt matter.答案：答案：A A第二：A.提出请求Do/Would you mind if I/my doingB.回答请求同意(你是否介意？)No，I dont mind./Of course not./Not at all.(不介意./当然不介意/一点也不OK.(行，做吧。)介意)Please do./Go ahead,please./不同意Yes,I do.【典型示例】【典型示例】(我介意)1）Would you mind changing seats with me?（大学英语（B）Test 4,9）A.Yes,you can.B.Of course,I like to.D.Certainly,please do.C.No,I dont mind.答案：答案：C C2）Do you mind my smoking here?（大学英语（B）Test 5,3）A.No,thanks.idea.答案：答案：B B3）Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table?A.Good news for youC.Yes,sureB.Go ahead,pleaseB.Yes,I do.C.Yes,Id rather not.D.GoodD.No,I cant答案：B。在用 mind 句型征求对方的意见时，如果表示同意，也可明确表示“please do/做吧，Go ahead,please./行”。2 2、邀请与应答邀请与应答A.提出邀请Would you like to？Will/Can you come to？Id like to invite you to.B.回答邀请(你能来参加吗?)(我想邀请你)同意(谢谢，我愿意。)Yes/thank you,Id love to.Yes,its very kind of you.(愿意，你太好了。)(那太好了。)That would be very nice.回绝Thanks/Sorry，I(非常感谢/抱歉，我)(我很愿意去，但是)Id like to but/Id love to but【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Can you go to the concert with us this evening?（大学英语（B）Test 4,2）A.No,I already have plans.B.Id love to,but Im busy tonight.D.Im ill,so I shouldnt go out.C.No,I really dont like being with you.答案：答案：B B2）We are going to have a dancing party tonight.Would you like to join us?A.Yes,its very kind of youC.No,I cant答案：答案：A A3 3、提供帮助及应答提供帮助及应答A.提供帮助Can I help you/What can I do for you？B.Of course not.I have no ideaD.Thats all set(有什么可以为您效劳吗？)Would you like me to help you with?B.应答接受帮助(我能帮您做吗？)Thanks.That would be nice./Its so nice of you.(多谢，那太好了)Thank you for your help.礼貌地回绝No,thanks./Thats ok.I can manage it myself.【典型示例】【典型示例】1）This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs.（大学英语（B）Test 5,5）A.You may ask for help.C.Please do me a favor.答案：答案：B B2）Can I help you with your suitcase?.B.Its not very lightD.Put it down on the groundB.Let me give you a hand.D.Id come to help(谢谢，不用了。我能处理)(感谢你的帮助)A.Thats OK.I can manageC.I can help you with it答案：答案：A A4 4、问问 路路A.询问道路Excuse me,can you tell me the way to？Excuse me,where is/how can I get to？(抱歉，请问去怎么走呢？)Is this right（the right way to）？(请问这是去的路吗？)B.回答当知道对方询问的道路，就一定要给出具体信息Go down（up）the street./Turn right（left）左转。)Go straight ahead till you see(往前直走直到你看见)(在前面右边/左边转角处。)(顺着街道往上/下走。在右/Its on the right（left）corner just ahead.当不知道对方询问的道路，抱歉地说明原委Sorry，I dont know.Sorry,Im a stranger here.【典型示例】【典型示例】(抱歉，我不知道。)Excuse me,but can you tell me the way to the post office?（大学英语（B）Test 3,9）A.Dont ask that.B.Sorry,Im a stranger here.D.No,youre driving too fast.C.No,I cant say that.答案：答案：B B5 5、询问具体信息询问具体信息A.询问询问的主题为：时间、地点、距离、费用、人物、事件、频率等。Who/What/When/Where（何人/何事/何时/何地）How long/How often/How manyB.回答:直扣主题，提供对方需要的信息。注意：特殊疑问句的答语通常针对特殊疑问词做出具体的回答。一般疑问句通常用yes 和 no 来回答，时态人称要一致。当情态动词 must 引起一般问句：“必须吗？”，其否定回答通常用“youneednt/dont have to”表示“没有必要”。选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方择一回答的问句，答语应做出一个明确的选择。反意问句的答语应根据实际情况确定：内容是肯定的，就用yes，其后则跟肯定句；内容是否定的，则用 no，其后则跟否定句。【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Paul,?（大学英语（B）Test 3,4）Oh,thats my father!And beside him,my mother.A.what is the person over thereC.what are they doing答案：答案：B B2）HowHow oftenoften do you go dancing?（大学英语（B）Test 2,7）A.I will go dancing tomorrow.B.Yesterday.B.whowhos talking over thereD.which is that（时间多长或距离多远/频率/数量多少）C.Every other day.D.Ive been dancing for a year.答案：答案：C C，意为“每隔一天去跳一次舞。”3）Are thereAre there any drug-stores around here?A.Yes,there is one on the left cornerC.No,it isntB.Yes,it isD.Oh,you must have a cold答案：答案：A A4）Shall weShall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water?（大学英语（B）Test 4,10）A.Id rather stay here if you dont mind.C.Certainly,why not?答案：A5）Must IMust I take a taxi?No,you.You can take my car.（大学英语（B）Test 4,4）A.had better to答案：答案：D D（二）看法类（二）看法类1 1、表达惊讶，喜悦表达惊讶，喜悦第一：惊讶Really?/Is that so?/Oh dear!/Good heavens!第二：喜悦Thats nice/wonderful/great！B.Sorry,I dont like neither.D.Yes,we like these two places.B.dontC.must notD.dont have to(真的？/哎呀！/天哪!)(真好!)【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Ed said that his boy fell off tree.A.Oh dear!I hope he wasnt hurtC.He might have broken his arm答案：答案：A A2）You know,I have three kids now.（大学英语（B）Test 2,8）A.Well,Ive grown a mustache.B.Thats terrific!D.Well,I gave up drinking.B.Oh,no.A luck boyD.Nothing seriousC.Say,youve really changed your hair.答案：答案：B B，意为“太棒了！”2 2、表示附和、赞同表示附和、赞同第一：附和与赞同Yes,I think so.(是的，我也这样认为。)(我同意你的看法。)(我非常同意。)I agree(with you).I cant agree with you more.。第二：不赞同No,I dont think so.Im afraid not.I cant agree with you.(我不这样认为。)(我不同意你的看法。)【典型示例】【典型示例】Is it possible for you to work late tonight?（大学英语（B）Test 6,4）A.I like it.so.答案：DC表示肯定，否定3 3、表示肯定与否表示肯定与否Im sure./Im not sure.Maybe/Perhaps【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Are you sure about that?A.You neednt worry about thatC.Oh,no.Im afraid of thatB.I like the ideaD.Ohyes,Imabsolutely(我确定。/我不确定。)(或许)B.Ill do that.C.Id love to.D.Ithinkpositive答案：答案：D D2）My camera isnt working properly.A.Maybe theres something wrong with itC.I have no idea about itB.Here,have a lookD.There isnt anything at all答案：答案：A A4 4、表示喜好、厌恶表示喜好、厌恶I likevery much.I dont like（hate）So do I./Neither do I.【典型示例】【典型示例】1）What do you think about this story？A.Thank you for telling me about the storyC.I like it very muchB.Yes,its a real story(我很喜欢)(我不喜欢/讨厌)(我也/我也不)D.So do I答案：答案：C C2）I dont like the sports programs on Sundays.A.So do IB.Neither do IC.So am ID.Neither am I答案：答案：B B，当第一说话人对问题的看法是肯定、赞同的，用“So do I.”表示自己同样赞同的态度；当第一说话人对问题的看法是否定、不赞同的，用“Neither do I.”表达自己同样不赞同的态度。（三）功能类（三）功能类1 1、打电话打电话A.发话方Hello！May/Could/Can I speak to?Is in/over there?B.受话方当你就是对方要找的听话人时：This is (speaking).Speaking.Who is that(speaking)?(我就是某某，请讲。)(你是哪位?)(你好！请找某某接电话好吗?)当对方要找的人不在场时，需要去叫他/她Hold on,please/One moment.(Ill get him/her.)(请稍等，我去叫他/她。)当对方要找的人不在或不能接电话时，Sorry,he is busy at the moment.Sorry,he isnt here/is out right now.忙)(Can I take a message for you?)当发现对方拨错电话号码时，Im afraid youve got the wrong number.【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Hello,Im Harry Potter.Hello,my name is Charles Green,but（大学英语（B）Test 1,3）A.call my CharlesB.call me at Charles(我想你拨错号码了。)(我能替你捎个话吗?)(对不起，他/她不在/现在C.call me Charles答案：答案：C CD.call Charles me2）Could I speak to Don Watkins,please?（大学英语（B）Test 3,2）A.Im listeningB.Oh,how are you?D.Im Don.C.Speaking,please.答案：答案：C C2 2、购购 物物A.售货员Can/May I help you？/What can I do for you.B.顾客I want/Id like/I need(你想买点什么呢?)(我想买)(谢谢，我只是看看)Thanks.Im just having a look.【典型示例】【典型示例】What can I do for you?（大学英语（B）Test 3,8）A.I want a kilo of pears.C.Thanks.答案：答案：A AB.You can do in your own way.D.Excuse me.Im busy.3 3、就餐就餐第一：A.服务员What would you like(to have)?Would you like something(to eat/to drink)?Are you ready to order？B.顾客Id like(我想要)(不用，谢谢。)(你想吃点/喝点什么吗?)(可以点了吗?)No,thanks.第二：A.主人Please help yourself to some B.客人Just a little,please.(请吃点)(就一点，谢谢。)(谢谢，我吃饱了。/我不太喜Thank you.I have had enough./I dont like 欢)【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Would you like to order now?A.Im full nowB.Yes.Id like fish and soupD.Its very kind of youC.But the price is high答案：答案：B B2）Please help yourself to the seafood（大学英语（B）Test 4,1）A.No,I cant.B.Sorry,I cant help.D.Thanks,but I dont like theC.Well,seafood dont suit for.seafood.答案：答案：D D3）Have you got a table for four,Waiter?A.We are going to restaurantC.We have booked the seats答案：答案：B B4 4、祝愿、祝贺与应答祝愿、祝贺与应答第一：祝愿A.表达祝愿Good luck!/Have a good time./Wish you success.成功!)B.回答Thank you.The same to you./You too.第二：祝贺A.I won the first/I got A B.Yes,sure.This way,pleaseD.Here are the menus.(祝你好运！/祝你愉快！/祝你(谢谢！你也一样。)(我获得第一名/我取得 A 等)B.表达祝贺(Well done!)Congratulations(on)!A.回答Thank you.【典型示例】【典型示例】1）I was worried about my maths,but Mr.Brown gave me an A.（大学英语（B）Test 3,10）A.Dont worry about it.(谢谢。)(干得好！祝贺你)B.Congratulations!Thats a difficult course.C.Mr.Brown is very good.D.Good luck to you!答案：答案：B B2）Tomorrow is my birthday.（大学英语（B）Test 5,8）A.Oh,I have no idea.B.Im glad you like it.D.You must be very happy.C.Many happy returns of the day!答案：答案：C C，意为“祝你长命百岁！”5 5、赞美与应答赞美与应答A.How beautiful/How lovely房、家(此类句子表达说话人对对方的住具、衣物、发型、小孩等表示赞扬欣赏。)B.Thank you.【典型示例】【典型示例】Thats a beautiful dress you have on!（大学英语（B）Test 1,6）A.Oh,thanks.I got it yesterday.C.You can have it答案：答案：A A6 6、遗憾、歉意与应答遗憾、歉意与应答第一：遗憾Im sorry to hear it.(听到这个我很遗憾。)(真是太遗憾了。)B.Sorry,its too cheap.D.See you later.(谢谢。)What a pity!/Its a pity that【典型示例】【典型示例】I have got a pain in my neck.A.Yes,I agreeB.Yes,you are quite rightD.Im feeling sickC.Im sorry to hear that答案：答案：C C第二：歉意A.表达歉意Im sorryB.应答Thats all right./Thats ok.Thats nothing./It doesnt matter.【典型示例】【典型示例】Oh,sorry to bother you.（大学英语（B）Test 3,10）A.Thats Okay.答案：答案：A A7 7、感谢与应答感谢与应答A.表达感谢Thanks a lot!/Thank you(very much).Its very kind of you(to help me).B.回答Not at all./Thats all right.Youre welcome./My pleasure.【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Thanks for your help.(不客气。不用谢。)(多谢!)(你真是太好了。)B.No,you cantC.Thats good.D.Oh,I dont know.(没关系。)(抱歉)（大学英语（B）Test 1,2）A.My pleasure.C.Quite right.答案：答案：A A2）Thank you for inviting me.（大学英语（B）Test 3,4）A.I really had a happy time.C.Thank you for coming答案：答案：C C8 8、看病看病第一：A.医生Whats the matter/problem?Whats wrong with you?B.病人I feel terrible.(我觉得不舒服。)(我腿出了的点问题。)(我发烧/这里疼。)(你哪儿不舒服?)B.Oh,its too lateB.Never mind.D.Dont thank me.D.Oh,so slowly?Theres something wrong with my leg.Ive got a high temperature/pain here.第二：A.病人Is there anything serious？B.医生No/Nothing serious.(严重吗?)(不/没什么问题。)Take this medicine three times a day.You ll be all right soon.(一天吃三次药。你很快就会好。)Just have a rest and drink more water【典型示例】【典型示例】1）How are you feeling?Much better.（大学英语（B）Test 5,6）A.Thanks for coming to see me.C.You are so kind.答案：答案：A A2）Doctor,I dont feel well.（大学英语（B）Test 6,10）A.You are fine.B.It doesnt matter.D.Dont take it seriously.B.You look great.D.Dont mention it.(注意休息，多喝水。)C.Whats the matter?答案：答案：C C9 9、劝告，建议，提醒劝告，建议，提醒A.劝告、建议Y Youd better(not)do/You should(你最好/最好别/你应该)Why dont you/Why not(你为啥不)(我们去如何?)What/How about /Shall weB.应答Sure./Great./Why not？Thats a good idea.Ill take your advice.No,thanks【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Shall we go shopping this Sunday?.A.Why not?Good idea!C.Yes,you will.答案：答案：A A(可以/为什么不呢？好主意。)(我会采纳你的建议的。)(不用了，谢谢)B.Ive no idea.D.See you then.2）Dont take too long at the coffee shop.Its 14:15.A.Ill think your advice overC.Thats no problem答案：答案：B B3）How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight?（大学英语（B）Test 2,10）A.Forget it.B.Sorry,I like Mexican food.D.Glad you like it.B.I see.We have 30 minutes left.D.Im afraid soC.Thats great!答案：答案：C C1010、见面问候、见面问候A.How are you?/Hows everything?(你好吗？/一切都好吗?)B.Fine,thank you,and you?/Very well,thank you.(挺好的，谢谢。你好吗?)Just so-so.(一般。)(很高兴在这里见到你。)Pleased/glad to meet you here.【典型示例】【典型示例】1）How are you,Bob?Ted.（大学英语（B）Test 1,1）A.How are you?B.Im fine.Thank you.D.Nice to meet you.C.How do you do?答案：答案：B B2）How do you do?Glad to meet you.（大学英语（B）Test 4,7）A.Fine.How are you?you,too.C.How are you?Thank you!答案：答案：B B1111、告别告别D.Nice.How are you?B.How do you do?Glad to meetA.Im afraid I must be leaving now.(恐怕我得走了。)I think its time for us to leave.(我想我们该离开了。)B.Good night.(晚安。)Good bye./See you later/tomorrow.(再见。)【典型示例】【典型示例】1）Marilyn,Im afraid I have to be leaving now.（大学英语（B）Test 1,10）A.That sounds wonderful.B.Oh,so early?C.Not at all.D.Good luck!答案：答案：B B2）Its getting late.Im afraid I must go now.Ok.A.Take it easyB.Go slowlyC.Stay longerD.you答案：答案：D D1212、旅行、旅行A.What/HowWhat/How about your trip/journey to(旅行如何?)B.It went very well./Its very interesting.(挺好的。/挺有趣的。)【典型示例】【典型示例】How was your trip to London,Jane?See（大学英语（B）Test 5,1）A.Oh,wonderful indeed.B.I went there alone.D.By plane and by bus.C.The guide showed me the way.答案：答案：A A1313、天气、天气A.How isHow is the weather？/WhatWhat s s the weather like(某地方天气如何呢?)B.Its fine.(很不错。)Its rather warm/hot/cold/rainy/cloudy/windy.(非常温暖/热/冷/常下雨/多云/吹风。)【典型示例】【典型示例】WhatWhat s s the weather like in your hometown?.A.Its a nice placeB.I like the food thereD.Its cold in winter and hot inC.He asks me whether I like the weathersummer答案：答案：D D1414、订票、订票A.顾客Id like to book/Can I get a seatB.售票员(我想订)Yes，Sir/Madam Im sorry,but【典型示例】【典型示例】(好的，先生/女士)(抱歉，但是)1）Hello,is that Shanghai
