新目标英语八上知识点归纳.pdf

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?短语：go on vacation stay at home go to the mountains go to the beach visit museums go to summer camp quite a few study for go out most of the time taste good have a good time of course feel like go shopping in the past walk around too many because of one bowl of find out go on take photos something important up and down come up 语法：Where did you go on vacation?I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone?No,No one was here.Everyone was on vacation.Did you buy anything special?Yes,I bought something for my father.How was the food?Everything tasted really good.Did everyone have a good time?Oh,yes.Everything was excellent.惯用法：1.buy sth for ab./buy sb.sth 为某人买某物 2.taste+adj.尝起来 3.nothing.but+V.除了之外什么都没有 4.seem+adj 看起来 5.arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方 到达某地 6.decide to do sth.决定做某事 7.try doing sth.尝试做某事/try to do sth.尽力做某事 8.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 9.want to do sth.想去做某事 10.start doing sth.开始做某事 11.stop doing sth.停止做某事 12.look+adj 看起来 13.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 14.Why not do sth.为什么不做.呢？15.so+adj+that+从句 如此以至于 16.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人不要 做某事 17.keep doing sth.继续做某事 18.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 词语辨析：1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词.anywhere 在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑问句中.I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句.I lost my key somewhere near here.2.seem+形容词 看起来.You seem happy today.seem+to do sth.似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems/seemed+从句 看起来好像；似乎.It seems that no one believe you.seem like.好像,似乎.It seems like a god idea.3.decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide+疑问词+动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4.start doing sth=start to do sth.开始,可与 begin 互换.He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用 begin.1 创办,开办：He started a new bllkshop last month.2 机器开动：I cant start my car.3 出发,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5.over 介词,多于,超过,在以上表示数目、程度=more than My father is over 40 years old.在之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与 under 相反.There is a map over the blackboard.超过：I hear the news over the radio.遍及：I want to travel all over the world.6.too many 太多,后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语.We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much.much too 太,修饰形容词或副词.The hat is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much,much too,用法区别看后头：much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副.too many 要记住,后面名词必复数.7.because of 介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子.He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由.I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短语help with housework go shopping on weekends how often hardly ever once a week twice a month go to the movies every day use the Internet be free have dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennis stay up late at least go to bed early play sports be good for go camping in ones free time not.at all the most popular such as go to the dentist more than old habits the hard less than 语法要点：What do you usually do on weekends?I always exercise.What do they do on weekends?They often help with housework.What does she do on weekends?She sometimes goes shopping.How often do you go to the movies?I go to the movies maybe once a month.How often does he watch TV?He hardly ever watches TV.Do you go shopping?No,I never go shopping.惯用法：1.help sb.with sth 帮助某人做某事 2.How about?.怎么样？/.好不好？3.want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 4.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句 .有多少.5.主语+find+that 从句 发现 6.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是.的 7.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 8.ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事 9.by doing sth.通过做某事 10.Whats your favorite.?你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth.开始做某事 12.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 词语辨析：1.how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率.回答用：once,tw ice,three times 等词语.How often do you play sports?Three times a week.how long 多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长.How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?how for 多远,用来询问距离,指路程的远近.How far is it from here to the park?Its about 2 kilometers.2.free 空闲的,有空的,反义词为 busy.be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time.Ill be free next week.=Ill have time next week.还可作免费的、自由的解.be free to do sth.自由地做某事.The tickets are free.Youre free to go or to stay.3.How come？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通；可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句 why,但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序.How come Tom didnt come to the party?=Why didnt Tom come to the party?4.stay up late 指熬夜到很晚,迟睡.Dont stay up late next time.stay up 指熬夜,不睡觉.He stayed up all night to write his story.5.go to bed 强调上床睡觉的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着.I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调入睡,睡着,进入梦乡.She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6.find+宾语+名词,发现 ：We have found him a good boy.find+宾语+形容词,发现：He found the room dirty.find+宾语+现在分词,发现：I found her standing at the door.7.percent 百分数,基数词+percent：percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数.Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.8.more than 超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于 over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换.反义词组为：less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than/over ten years.9.afraid 形容词,担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语.Im afraid we cant come here on time.be afraid of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事；be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事.Some children are afraid of the dark.Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid+从句,恐怕,担心：Im afraid I have to go now.10.sometimes,sometime,some times,some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词,有时.表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末.Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do you get up?sometime 副词,某个时候.表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词 when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.-When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组,几次,几倍.其中 time 是可数名词,对它提问用 how many times.I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语,一段时间.表示一段时间时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time.-How long will you stay here?Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister 短语归纳：1.more outgoing 2.as.as.3.the singing competition 4.the most important 5.be talented in music 6.the same as 7.care about 8.be different from 9.be like a mirror 10.as long as 11.bring out 12.get better grade 13.reach for 14.touch ones heart 15.in fact 16.make friends 17.be good at 18.the other 19.be similar to 20.be good with 短语用法：1.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 2.want to do sth.想要做某事 3.as+形容词或副词的原级+as 与一样 4.be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 5.make sb.Do sth.让某人做某事 6.Its+形容词+for sb.To do sth.对某人来说,做某事是的 语法知识：Is Tom smarter than Sam?No,he isnt.Sam is smarter than Tom.Is Tara more outgoing than Tina?No,she isnt.Tina is more outgoing than Tara.Are you a friendly as your sister?No,Im not.Im friendlier.Does Tara work as hard as Tina?Yes,she does.Whos more hardworking at school?Tina thinks she works harder than me.词语辨析：laugh v.&n.笑 We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来.We all laughed at his joke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来.He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好./不要高兴得太早.与 at 连用嘲笑 Dont laugh at him.别嘲笑他.People have often laughed at stories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事.Everyone laughed at his foolish antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作.笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑.though conj.虽然；纵然；即使；尽管=although Though it was raining,he went there.虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了.Though he was poor he was happy.虽然他很穷却很快乐.注意：不能受汉语的影响,在 though 引导的从句后使用 but.如：Though he was poor,but he was happy.误 though adv.不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开.Jim said that he would come,he didnt,though.语法讲解：形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词性质形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别.原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种.1规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est 来构成比较级和最高级.构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est tall高的 great巨大的 taller greater tallest greatest 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词和少数以-le 结尾的双音节 词只加-r,-st nice好的 large大的 nicer larger nicest largest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅 音字母,再加-er,-est big大的 hot热的 bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改 y 为 i,再加-er,-est easy容易的 busy忙的 easier busier easiest busiest 少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est clever聪明的 narrow窄的 cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加 more,most 来构成比较级和最高级important重要的 easily容易地 more important more easily most important most easily 2不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good好的well健康的 better best bad坏的ill有病的 worse worst old老的 older/elder oldest/eldest much/many多的 more most little少的 less least far远的 farther/further farthest/furthest Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater 句型：1.It has the biggest screens.2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far?到目前为止,你认为它怎么样？4.Thanks forget telling me.5.Can I ask you some questions?短语：so far 到目前为止,迄今为止 no problem 没什么,别客气 have.in common 有相同特征想法、兴趣等方面相同 be up to 是.的职责 all kinds of .各种各样的 play a role 发挥作用,有影响 make up 编造故事、谎言等 for example 例如 take.seriously 认真对待 not everybody 并不是每个人 close to 离.近 more and more 越来越 常用法：Can I ask you some.How do you like.你认为怎么样 Thanks fpr doing sth.What do you think of.much+形容词或副词比较级.得多 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事的作用 one of+可数名词复数 .之一 语法：Whats the best movie theater to go to?Town Cinema.Its the closest to home.And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?Which is the worst clothes store in town?Dream Clothes.Its worse than Blue Moon.It has the worst service.What do you think of 970 AM?I think 970 AM is pretty bad.It has worst music.Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?短语：find out be ready to dress up take sb.place do a good job think of game show learn from talk show soap opera go on watch a movie one of.watch a movie try ones best a pair of as famous as look like around the world have a discussion about one day such as a symbol of something enjoyable interesting information 句型：-What do you think of talk shows?-I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day.How about you?常用法：let sb.do sth.plan to do sth.hope to do sth.happen to do sth.expect to do sth.How about doing be ready to do sth.try ones best to do sth.语法：Do you want to watch the news?Yes,I do./No,I dont.What can you plan to watch tonight?I plan to watch Days of Our Past.What do you expect to learn from sitcoms?You can learn some great jokes.Why do you like watching the news?Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.What do you think of talk shows?I dont mind them./I cant stand them!/I love watching them!1.the other,the others,other,others,another 辨析 the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词.表示两个中的一个另一个时,常用 one the other.例：He has two brothers,one is a teacher,the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class.twenty-one are girls,the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的人或物,是 the other 的复数形式,相当于 the other+复数名词.the other+复数名词=any other+名词单数.例：You two stay here,the others go with me.Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids in my class.other 作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数.例：We learn Chinese,Maths,English and other subjects.others 作代词,泛指其他的人或物.例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的另一个,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词.例：I dont like this one.Please show me another one.3.find out 查明,弄清楚,find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4.go on 发生,与 take place 同义 I wonder what was going on.翻译：隔壁发生了什么？5.happen v.发生,一般指偶然发生,主语为事,不能为人.Sth+happens to sb.A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth+happens+地点/时间,意为：某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street.happen v,表示碰巧,主语可以是人,后常跟动词不定式 to,表示碰巧.Sb+happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.*take place 意为发生,举行,举办,一般指非偶然性事件的发生,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排.例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.6.expect v.期待,盼望,预期,后常接四种结构：1expect+名词/代词,期待某事/某人,预计可能发生.Im expecting Li Lins letter.2expect to do sth.预计做某事 Lily expects to come back next week.3expect sb.to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4expect+从句 预计 I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7.serious a.严肃的,认真的.He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth.对某人/某事当真 Peter is serious about Jenny.He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth.对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house.Unit 6 Im going to study computer science 短语：grow up every day be sure about make sure sendto be able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of in common at the beginning of write down have to do with take up hardly ever tooto 短语用法：want to do sth.be going to+动词原形 practice doing sth.keep on doing sth.learn to do sth.finish doing sth promise to do sth.help sb.to do sth.remember to do sth.agree to do sth.love to do sth.be going to 的用法 1 be going to+动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排.常与表示将来的tomorrow,next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用.各种句式变换都借助 be 动词完成,be 随主语有 am,is,are 的变换,going to 后接动词原形.肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+其他.He is going to take the bus there.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend?Yes,I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？What is he going to do this weekend?When are you going to see your friends?2 如果表示计划去某地,可直接用 be going to+地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3 表示位置移动的动词,如 go,come,leave 等常用进行时表示将来.The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4 be going to 与 will 的区别：Begoingto 与 will 两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别：1.begoingto 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.2.begoingto 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情.Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.3.begoingto 含有计划,准备的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 begoingto,而多用 will,如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,Illstaywithyouandhelpyou.在以下情况下用 will:1.根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时 IthinkSmileywillmakeagoodfootballer.SmithwillbeatPattersonwithaknock-outinthesecondround.2.在说话时突然作出的决定时,一般用 will 的缩约式ll Imtired.IthinkIllgotobed.Cometosupper.OK,thanks.Illbringabottle.3.表示意图、提议、许诺、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时 Theresthedoor-bell.Illgo.IwillstopsmokingIreallywill!4.表示请求和邀请时 Willyougivemeahand?Willyoucomeinandhaveadrink?5.表示命令或威胁时 Youwillstartworkatsixoclock.Illbeatyouifyoudothatagain.6.表示习惯和规律时 Shewillgreetmewhenshemeetsme.Manwilldie.在以下情况下用 begoingto 1.根据现在所见,预计不久肯定会发生的事情时 Look!itsgoingtorain!Thecarisgoingtoturnover.2.谈及打算或事先决定了的事情时 Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?Whyhaveyoutornthepaperintopieces?Iamgoingtorewriteit.语法：What do you want to be when you grow up?I want to be an engineer.How are you going to do that?Im going to study math really hard.Where are you going to work?Im going to move to Shanghai.When are you going to start?Im going to start when I finish high school and college.1 promise vt.保证,许诺.有三种结构：1promise to do sth._My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2promise sb.sth._ My aunt promised me a bike.3promise+that 从句_ Tom promises that he can return on time.promise n.允诺,诺言 Lily is a dishonest girl.She never keeps a promise.2.when 与 while 的区别：when 表示当时候,既指时间点,又指一段时间,when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的.When the teacher came in,the students were talking.When she arrives,Ill call you.while 表示当时候,仅指一段时间,从句中的动作必须是延续性的,一般强调主从句的动作同时发生,while 还可以作并列连词,意为 而、却,表示对比关系.Lisa was singing while h er mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.3.practice vt.练习,后接名词,代词或 v-ing 作宾语.Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅：consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon.承认推迟没得想：admit,delay/put off,fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice.否认完成能欣赏：deny,finish,enjoy,