环境科学与工程专业英语Environm.ppt

Environment2013-08-28New Words&PhrasesArtifact:An object produced or shaped by human craft,especially a tool,a weapon,or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest.人工制品：人工生产或仿制的物品，尤指工具，武器，或带有考古或历史趣味的装饰品.Virus:Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants,animals,and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat.Unable to replicate without a host cell,viruses are typically not considered living organisms.病毒：各种动物、植物和细菌的简单亚微观寄生虫之一，常引起疾病，主要由核糖核酸或脱氧核糖酸的一个核组成，周围有蛋白质包围。离开寄主细胞不能复制本身，病毒通常不被认作为是生物体。Fungi:fungus的复数。Any of numerous eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Fungi,which lack chlorophyll and vascular tissue and range in form from a single cell to a body mass of branched filamentous hyphae that often produce specialized fruiting bodies.The kingdom includes the yeasts,molds,smuts,and mushrooms.Famine:A drastic,wide-reaching food shortage.饥荒：食物严重的，普遍的短缺。真菌：一种缺乏叶绿素和血管组织的真菌界真核生物，存在形式从一个单细胞到整个枝状菌丝体不等，经常可产生专化子实体。这一界生物包括酵母、霉菌、担子菌和蘑菇。chlorin:氯chlorinated:含氯的;氯化(了)的stratosphere:The region of the atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.平流层：位于对流层之上中顶层之下的范围的大气stratospheric:Of,relating to,or characteristic of the stratosphere.平流层的：属于、关于平流层的或具有平流层的典型特征的A colorless,odorless,incombustible gas,formed during respiration,combustion,and organic decomposition and used in food refrigeration(制冷）,carbonated beverages（饮料）,inert（惰性的）atmospheres,fire extinguishers,and aerosols（气溶胶）.1)Where earlier people limited ability to alter their surroundings,we now have power to extract and consume resources,produce wastes,and modify our world in ways that threaten both our continued existence and that of many organisms with which we share the planet.Translation2)A relatively new field,environmental science is highly interdisciplinary,integrating natrual of the world aroud us.3)While there are many things to appreciate and celebrate about the world in which we live,many pressing environmental problems cry out for our attention.4)Compared to the conditions on other planets in our solar system,temperatures on the earth are mild and relatively constant.Plentiful supplies of clean air,fresh water,and fertile soil are regenerated endlessly and spontaneously by geological and biological cycles.5)Whether there are sufficient resources to support 6 billion humans-let alone 25 billion-on a sustainable basis is one of the most important questions we face.6)No one wants this noxious stuff dumped in their own backyard,but too often the solution is to export it to someone elses.7)Chlorinated compounds,such as the chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration and air conditioning,also contribute to global warming,as well as damaging the stratospheric ozone that protects us from cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.8)These and other similarly serious problems illustrate the importance of environmental science and environmental education for everyone.What we are doing to our world,and what that may mean for our future and that of our children is paramount concern as we enter the twenty-first century.1)What is environment?2)What is environment science?3)List some pressing environmental problems that cry out for our attention.Writing4)Do you think that environmental conditions are better now or worse than they were 10 years ago?Why?形容词性后缀1 1，-able-able表示可能的，可以的表示可能的，可以的 movable可移动的，available可用的，可得到的2 2，-al-al表示有表示有的属性的属性 regional 局部的，terminal末端的，typical典型的，digital手指的，数字的3 3，-ant-ant有些是从动词派生来的有些是从动词派生来的 persistant持久的，坚持的（从动词persist来的），resistant抵抗的，反抗的（自动词resist派生）4 4，-ar-ar表示表示特征的，特征的，形状的形状的 regular规则的，circular环形的，圆的5 5，-ary-ary 表示与表示与有关的有关的 ordinary平常的，通常的，voluntary自愿的，随意的。6 6，-ed-ed 用于名词加用于名词加eded，转化为形容词，或动词过去分词作形容词，转化为形容词，或动词过去分词作形容词 Coded加密码的（名词code 加ed）,deposited被沉淀的（由动词deposit加ed）7 7，-ent-ent与与-ant-ant同类同类 consistent坚定的，different不同的8 8，-ful-ful由名词构成形容词由名词构成形容词 useful有用的，successful成功的，helpful有帮助的9 9，-ible-ible与与-able-able相同相同 Visible可见的，irreversible 不可逆的1010，-ic-ic加在外来词根的名词上，构成形容词加在外来词根的名词上，构成形容词 magnetic磁性的，aerobic需氧的，dynamic动力的形容词性后缀11 11，-ish-ish加在颜色的形容词上，表示略带加在颜色的形容词上，表示略带色色 reddish带红色的，微红的，yellowish带黄色的，微黄的1212，-ive-ive由动词构成形容词由动词构成形容词 relative有关的，相关的(由动词relat派生的)，sensitive灵敏的1313，-less-less表示没有表示没有的的 useless无用的，lifeless无生命的1414，-ory-ory表示表示性质的，属于性质的，属于的的 sensory感觉的，accessory附属的、附加的1515，-ous-ous表示具有表示具有的、有的、有特性的特性的 dangerous有危险的，continuous在连续性的、连续的形容词性后缀课外单词aeration grit settling tank 曝气沉砂池alkane 烷烃Ambient air quality standard环境空气质量标准ammonification 氨化作用anaerobic 厌氧的anaerobic anoxic oxic A2O工艺anion 阴离子cation阳离子aquaticaquifer 含水层课外单词atmospheric stability 大气稳定度atmospheric quality index 大气质量指数anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic digestive sluge 厌氧消化污泥antibiotics 抗生素，抗生学autotroph 自养生物