研究生英语精读教程UnitFive.ppt

Unit FiveThe End Is Not at Hand 1.Text 2.Exercises 5.Supplementary ReadingThe End Is Not at HandTheenvironmentalrhetoric*overblown*.TheplanetwillsurviveRobert J.Samuelson1.rhetoricn.speechorwritingthatsoundsfineandimportant,butisreallyinsincereorwithoutmeaning浮夸之言语或文章2.overblownadj.usingtoomanywords夸张的MenuTranslation1.impendingadj.(ofsomethingunpleasant)abouttohappen行将发生的2.catastrophen.disaster灾难3.auran.aneffectorfeelingthatseemstosurroundandcomefromapersonorplace气氛Menu1Whoevercoinedthephrasesavetheplanetisapublicrelationgenius.Itconveysthesenseofimpending*catastrophe*andhighpurposethathaswrappedenvironmentalisminanaura*ofmoralurgency.Italsotypifiesenvironmentalismsrhetoricalexcesses,which,inanyothercontext,wouldbeseenaswildexaggeration*orsimpledishonesty.2Uptoapoint,ourenvironmentalawarenesshascheckedamindlessenthusiasmforunrestrainedeconomicgrowth.1.exaggerationn.(anexampleof)sayingorbelievingmorethanthetruthaboutsomething夸张，夸大MenuWehavesensiblycurbed*someofgrowthsharmfulsideeffects.Butenvironmentalismincreasinglyresemblesaholycrusade*addictedtohype*andignorantofhistory.1.curbv.control控制2.crusaden.astruggleormovementforthedefenceoradvancementofanidea,principle,etc.为促进或维护理想、原则而进行的运动或斗争3.hypen.somethingthatartificiallystimulatessales,interest,etc.suchasadvertisingorpromotion(刺激销售、兴趣等的)广告，宣传MenuEveryenvironmentalillisdepicted*asanonrushingcalamity*thatifnotstoppedwillendlifeasweknowit.3Takethelatestscare:thegreenhouseeffect.Werepresentedwiththehorrifyingspecter*ofaworldthatincinerates*itself.1.depictv.describe描写2.calamityn.aterribleorverybadevent；seriousmisfortune灾难；极不幸的事3.spectern.somethingthatisseeninthemindandcausesfear心中幻见而引起恐惧之事物4.incineratev.destroybyburning焚化TranslationMenuActnow,orsizzle*later.Foodsupplieswillwither.Glaciers*willmelt.Coastalareaswillflood.Infact,theprobablelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremodest*:1to2percentofoureconomysoutputbytheyear2050,estimateseconomistWilliamCline.1.sizzlev.makeahissingsoundasifwaterfallingonhotmetalorfoodcookinginhotfat发出咝咝声(如水落在灼热的金属上或食物煎炸时)2.glaciern.massofice,formedbysonwonmountains,movingslowlyalongavalley冰河，冰川3.modestadj.moderate,notlargeinsizeoramount适度的，适中的MenuThelossseemsevensmallercomparedwiththeexpectedgrowthoftheeconomy(adoubling)overthesameperiod.4Noenvironmentalproblemthreatenstheplanetorrates withthedangerofanuclearwar.TranslationMenuNooilspillevercausedsufferingonaparwith*todayscivilwarinYugoslavia,whichisaminorepisode*inhumanmisery.WorldWarleftmorethan35milliondead.Cambodiascivilwarresultedin1millionto3milliondeaths.1.onaparwithequalto等于2.episoden.oneseparateevent,esp.animportantorseriousone插曲；独立的一段事MenuThegreatscourges*ofhumanityremainwhattheyhavealwaysbeen:war,naturaldisaster,oppressivegovernment,crushingpovertyandhate.Onanyscaleoftragedy,environmentaldistressisafeatherweight*.1.scourgen.acauseofgreatpunishment,harmorsuffering导致严惩、灾害或痛苦的祸端，祸患2.featherweightn.sb.orsth.ofverylittleimportance不重要的人或物TranslationMenu5Thisisnotanargumentforindifferenceorinaction.Itisanargumentforperspectiveandbalance.Youcanbelieve(asIdo)thatthepossibilityofgreenhousewarmingenhancesanalreadystrongcaseforanenergytax.MenuAtaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimports,cutthebudgetdeficit*andpromoteenergyefficientinvestmentsthatmakeeconomicsense.6Butitdoesnotfollowthatanyonewhodisagreeswithmeisevilorevenwrong.1.deficitn.theamountbywhichmoneythatgoesoutismorethanmoneythatcomesin赤字TranslationMenuOnthegreenhouseeffect,forinstance,theresample*scientificdoubtoverwhetherwarmingwilloccurand,ifso,howmuch.Moreover,thewarmingwouldoccuroverdecades.Peopleandbusinessescouldadjust.Totakeoneexample:farmerscouldshifttomoreheat-resistantseeds.1.ampleadj.enoughormorethanisnecessary充足的MenuTranslation7Unfortunately,theimpulseofmanyenvironmentalistsistovilify*andsimplify.Criticsofenvironmentalrestrictionsareportrayed*asselfishandignorantcreeps*.1.vilifyv.speakevilof(sb.orsth.)withoutgoodcause,esp.inordertoinfluenceothersunfavourably辱骂，诽谤；把(人或事)说得一无是处2.portrayv.describeinwordsinalifelikeway以文字生动描写3.creepn.anunpleasantpersonwhotriestowinthefavourofapersonofhigherrank,esp.bypraisinginsincerely拍马屁者，献媚者MenuDoomsdayscenarios*aredevelopedtoprovetheseriousnessofenvironmentaldangers.Clinesrecentgreenhousestudyprojectedwarming250yearsintothefuture.Guesswhat,itincreasessharply.Thisisanabsurdexerciseakinto*predictinglifein1992atthetimeoftheFrenchandIndianWar(17541763).1.scenarion.awrittendescriptionoftheactiontotakeplaceinafilm,play,etc.剧本，剧情说明书2.akintoofsimilarcharacter,like同性质的，类似的MenuTranslation8Therhetoricaloverkillisnotjustinnocentexcess.Itcloudsourunderstanding.Forstarters,itminimizesthegreatprogressthathasbeenmade,especiallyinindustrializedcountries.IntheUnitedStates,airandwaterpollutionhavedroppeddramatically*.1.dramaticallyadv.withtheforceorvividnessofthedrama戏剧性的；显著地MenuSince1960,particulate*emissions(soot,cinders*)aredownby65percent.Leademissionshavefallenby97percentsince1970.Smoghasdeclinedinmostcities.9Whatsalsolostistheawkwardnecessityforchoices.Yourenvironmentalbenefitmaybemyjob.Noteverybenefitisworthhavingatanycost.1.particulateadj.ofminuteseparateparticles微粒的2.cindersn.therefuseofburnedcoals煤渣MenuTranslationEconomistsestimatethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomysoutputby2.6to5percent,orabout$150billionto$290billion.(Note:thisislargerthantheestimatedimpactofglobalwarming.)Forthatcost,weveloweredhealthrisksandimprovedoursurroundings.Butsomegainsaresmallcomparedwiththecosts.Andsomecostsareneedlesslyhighbecauseregulationsarerigid.TranslationMenu10Balance:Theworstsinofenvironmentalexcessisitsbias*againsteconomicgrowth.Thecurefortheimmenseproblemsofpoorcountriesusuallylieswitheconomicgrowth.ArecentreportfromtheWorldBankestimatesthatmorethan1billionpeoplelackhealthywatersuppliesandsanitary*facilities.1.biasn.prejudice偏见2.2.sanitaryadj.oforconcerninghealth,esp.thetreatmentofhumanwastesubstances,dirtorinfectionharmfultohealth(有关)卫生的(尤指废物等的处理)MenuTheresultishundredsofmillionsofcasesofdiarrhea*annuallyandthedeathsof3millionchildren(2millionofwhichtheWorldBankjudgesavoidable).Onlybybecomingwealthiercancountriescorrecttheseconditions.1.diarrhean.thetypeofillnessinwhichthebowelsareemptiedtoooftenandintooliquidaform腹泻TranslationMenu11Similarly,wealthiersocietieshaveboththedesireandtheincometocleantheirairandwater.Advancednationshaveurban-air-pollutionlevelsonlyasixththatofthepoorestcountries.Finally,economicgrowthtendstoreducehighbirthrates,aschildrensurvivelongerandwomenescapetraditionalroles.MenuTranslation12Yes,wehaveenvironmentalproblems.Reactors*intheformerSovietUnionposesafetyrisks.Economicgrowthandtheenvironmentcanbeatodds*.Growthgeneratescarbondioxideemissionsandcausesmorewaste.Buttheseproblemsarenot-asenvironmentalrhetoricimplies-themainobstaclestosustaineddevelopment.Thebiggesthurdleisinept*government.1.reactorn.反应堆2.beatodds(with)bequarrellingordisagreeing(with)与争吵，争论3.ineptadj.totallyunabletodothings无能的，无用的MenuIneptgovernmentfostered*unsafereactors.Ineptgovernmenthampers*foodproductioninpoorcountriesby,say,preventingfarmersfromearningadequatereturnsontheircrops.1.fosterv.carefor;helpthegrowthorthedevelopmentof照顾，抚育，培养2.hamperv.causedifficultyinmovementoractivity阻碍MenuTranslation13Bynow,everyoneisanenvironmentalist.Butthelabelisincreasinglymeaningless,becausenotallenvironmentalproblemsareequallyseriousandeventheseriousonesneedtobebalancedagainstotherconcerns.Environmentalismshouldholdthehype.Itshouldinformusmoreandfrightenusless.TranslationMenuExercises.Comprehension.Vocabulary.Cloze.Translation(EnglishtoChinese).Translation(ChinesetoEnglish).WritingMenu.ComprehensionDecide which of the following statements is true and which is false according to your understanding of the text.If it is a question,answer it briefly.1.Thephrasesavetheplanetwascoinedbyapublicrelationgenius.2.Everyenvironmentalistillisanonrushingcalamitythatwillendlife.3.Thelossesfromanygreenhousewarmingaremuchsmallerthanthegrowthoftheeconomyoverthesameperiod.MenuAnswers.Comprehension4.Environmentalproblemsareinsignificantascomparedwiththegreatscourgesofhumanity.5.DoyouthinkClinesrecentwarningaboutgreenhouseeffectsisacceptable?Whyorwhynot?6.Environmentalismsrhetoricalexcessesaremisleading.7.Since1960greatachievementshavebeenmadeincurbingairandwaterpollutionintheUnitedStates.8.Allenvironmentalbenefitsareworthhavingatanycost.MenuAnswers9.Inloweringthehealthrisksandimprovingoursurroundings,thecostsandgainsarealwaysatodds.10.Doyouthinkitworthwhilethatenvironmentalregulationsdepresstheeconomysoutputby2.6to5percent?Whyorwhynot?11.Areenvironmentalproblemsthemainobstaclestothedevelopmentofallthepoorcountries?Whatdoyouthinkthepoorcountriesshoulddotoremovetheobstaclestotheirdevelopment?.ComprehensionAnswersMenu12.Urban-air-pollutionlevelsindevelopingcountriesaremuchhigherthanthoseindevelopedcountries.13.Ineptgovernmentistoblameforenvironmentalproblems.14.Thelabelanenvironmentalistismeaningless.15.Itissuggestedthatwelearnmoreaboutenvironmentalismandnotbefrightenedbyit.ComprehensionMenuAnswers.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1.Hisbeautifulwritingisakintodrawing.A.asB.fromC.aboveD.like2.Hisknowledgeonthesubjectseemstobeonaparwithmyown.A.differentfromB.thesameasC.relatedtoD.inaccordancewithAnswersMenu.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.3.TomandMaryweremarriedaweekaftertheymetandsoonfoundthemselvesatoddsaboutreligion.A.indisagreementB.onstrikeC.inquestionD.onpurpose4.Theinventorwasvilifiedinyesterdaysnewspaper.A.abusedB.slanderedC.praisedD.criticizedMenuAnswers.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.5.TheMississippifloodof1973wasamajorcatastropheinwhichagreatmanyliveswerelost.A.casualtyB.disasterC.changeD.threat6.Shealmostyieldedtoanunexpectedimpulsetodanceinthestreet.A.urgentdesireB.suddenwishC.goodideaD.fancythoughtMenuAnswers.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.7.Mr.Greenposedasarichmanthoughheowedmorethanheowned.A.workedB.lookedC.clothedD.Behaved8.Theyfearedtheplagueandregardeditasadeadlyscourge.A.punishmentB.IllnessC.troubleD.ailmentAnswersMenu.VocabularyA.Identify one of the four choices A,B,C,or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.9.Somepeoplehaveabiasagainstforeigners.A.prejudiceB.dislikeC.hatredD.favour10.Yourstayabroadwillgiveyouampleopportunitiestolearnanewlanguage.A.goodB.suitableC.properD.enoughMenuAnswers.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.11.Thedarkcloudssuggesta(n)_storm.A.impendingB.surprisingC.fastD.unexpected12.Sincetheclubowed$15andhadonly$10inthetreasury,therewasa_of$5.A.sumB.deficitC.differenceD.surplusAnswersMenu.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.13.Theoillamp_softlyonthetable.A.glowedB.lightedC.sizzledD.sounded14.It_withyoutodecide.A.talksB.refersC.liesD.indicatesMenuAnswers.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.15.He_amongthebestheavyweightboxersofthepastfiftyyears.A.projects B.showsC.displays D.rates16.Theconstantturmoilintheofficeprovedthathewasan_administrator.A.ableB.ineptC.experiencedD.activeMenuAnswers.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.17.Themothertriedto_hersonsinterestinmusicbytakinghimtoconcertswhenhewasyoung.A.giveB.showC.fosterD.cause18.Nomatterhowyoureadit,thissentencedoesntmakeany_.A.meaning B.soundC.progressD.senseAnswersMenu.VocabularyB.Choose the correct answer.Only one answer is correct.19.ItriedtofindmykeysbutIwas_bymythickgloves.A.helpedB.hamperedC.annoyedD.upset20.Toourgrief,hebecame_tothedrug.A.addictedB.interestedC.amusedD.disturbedMenuAnswers.ClozeRead the passage through and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A,B,C or D for each blank in the passage.Robotshavebeenthestuffofpopularcultureforsolongthatwethinkofthemmostly1fun.Inthenextdecadetheywillfinallybecomepractical2factoryassemblylines.Granted,theywontperformthewondrousstuntsthey3insci-fimovies;thefirstgenerationofrealrobotsmayseemabitcrude.1.A.aboutB.forC.asD.in2.A.inB.beyondC.fromD.for3.A.haveB.doC.giveD.appearAnswersMenuButbytheendofthedecade,we4encountertinyrobotscookinghamburgersinfastfoodrestaurants,moppingup,shoppingmeals,even5mealtraysinhospitals.4.A.mayalsoB.mayagainC.maywellD.mayindeed5.A.todeliverB.DeliverC.deliveredD.deliveringMenuAnswersTwofactorsarepushingthedevelopmentofrobotics,technologyandeconomics.Artificialintelligenceisthekey6asuccessfulrobot,butsomeofthesimplesttasks7ahumanmindaredifficultforarobot.Oneexample,theabilitytolookatthecornerofaroom,8wallsandceilingmeet,andknowthatthecornergoesin,notout.Easyforhumans,verytoughforrobots.6.A.toB.ofC.forD.in7.A.ofB.forC.inD.with8.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.thepointAnswersMenuEconomicsisthekeytotheacceptance9robots.Asdecliningbirthratesleadtoashortageofentry-levelworkersinmuchoftheindustrializedworld,theresearchers10robotsthatcanmanageatleastportionsofsuchjobsasburgerflippersorhospitalorderlies.9.A.ofB.byC.withD.for10.A.designB.aredesigningC.arebeingdesigningD.willdesignMenuAnswersInthenextdecade,improvedrobotswillbeinexpensiveenoughtoserveasaids11thedisabled,givingevenquadriplegicstheabilitytofeedthemselvesandperformofficework.Andthelong-promisedhomerobot?Thislittleelectronicservant,capableofdeliveringafrostybeerfromthefringe,pickingupthekidstoysandwashingtheoccasionalwindow,probablywontbeamass-marketiteminthe1990s12wemodifyourhomestoaccommodatethem.11.A.toB.withC.forD.of12.A.whenB.ifC.thoughD.unlessMenuAnswersEveryroom13tinyradiobeacons14therobotwhereitis,andstaircaseswouldneedspecialconstructionforeasyrobotaccess.Soundunlikely?Perhaps.Butin1890aperson15itunlikelyifhehadbeentoldthattheentireurbanlandscapeoftheplanetwouldbemodifiedtoaccommodatetheautomobile.13.A.needtohaveB.needhavingC.wouldneedtohaveD.wouldneedhaving14.A.totellB.tellC.tellingD.Told15.A.mightthinkB.thoughtC.mighthavethoughtD.wouldthinkAnswersMenu.Translation(English to Chinese)Peeringintothe21stcentury,newscientificbreakthroughswillallowgeneticengineeringtotransformeverythingfrommachineandagriculturetocomputertechnologyandindustry.MenuAnswers.Translation(English to Chinese)Afewnear-termprospects.Inagriculture,possibilitiesincludelargertrees,increasedgrainyieldsandevensquaretomatoes,easilypackagedwithlesswatercontent.Itispossibletobreedcowsthesizeofelephantsthatcouldproduce40percentmoremilk.Scientiststalkofusingproteintoreplacethesiliconincomputerchipstoallowbillionsoftimesmoreinformationtobecontainedinthesamespace.AnswersMenu.Translation(Chinese to English)1.作者论文的副本已交给了编辑部。(present)2.虽然他在班上名列最后，但不能推断他没头脑，他可能只是很懒而已。(follow)3.这些异常现象值得注意。(worth)4.股东们在聘用新经理问题上发生了分歧。(atodds)MenuAnswers.Translation(Chinese to English)5.这使我们得出结论：无知助长迷信。(foster)6.当你知道并不是年龄使你丧失记忆力之后，你可能会大吃一惊。记忆差的原因可能是因为你“懒”得去记，而不是记忆力老化了。如同身体一样，你的记忆力可能因锻炼而加强。科学家们相信，如果两侧大脑都得到了锻炼，我们的工作效力至少可以提高75%。AnswersMenu.WritingOutline:导言：人们开始认识保护环境的重要性。问题状况：过度开采自然资源和破坏自然环境造成严重后果。例如砍伐森林、水源污染、空