流体力学与工程教学--绪论课件.ppt

1 Fluid Mechanics231、Study Objects of Fluid Mechanics2、Tasks of Fluid Mechanics3、Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics4、History of Fluid Mechanics5、Modern Teaching Research of Fluid Mechanics6、Modern teaching research of fluid mechanicsPREFACE4一、流体力学的研究对象一、流体力学的研究对象二、流体力学的任务二、流体力学的任务三、流体力学的研究方法三、流体力学的研究方法四、流体力学的发展史四、流体力学的发展史五、流体力学现代教学研究五、流体力学现代教学研究六、流体力学现代教学研究六、流体力学现代教学研究绪绪 论论6一、流体力学的研究对象一、流体力学的研究对象 流体力学是近代力学的一大分支，它是研究流体的平衡和机械运动规律以及流体与周围物体之间相互作用的科学，主要是确定流体的速度分布，压强分布与能量损失，以及流体与固体相互间的作用力与作用力矩。流体力学中研究得最多的流体是水和空气。除水和空气以外流体还包括作为汽轮机工作介质的水蒸汽、润滑油、石油、含泥沙的水体、血液、溶化状态下的金属和燃烧后产生的成分复杂的气体，高温条件下的等离子体等等。7Incise the oil well rock with high pressure water stream techniqueexample：8应用高压水射流技术对油井岩石割缝例：10 流体力学是一门即古老又新兴的学科，存在着极为 广阔的研究天地。二、流体力学的任务二、流体力学的任务 例如：航空、航天、航海、天文气象、地球物理、水利水电、热能制冷、土建环保、石油化工、气液输送、燃烧爆炸、冶金采矿、生物海洋、军工核能、机械制造、机械工程等等部门都有许多流体力学问题。113、Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics Fluid mechanics has three study approaches.The first one is a theoretical approach.Which analyzes the primary and lesser factor of the question,abstracts theoretical model(such as continuous medium,ideal fluid,incompressible fluid etc),uses mathematical tools to find the general answer about the fluid movement.The second is an experimental approach.Which summarizes the fluid question by experiment as a similar experiment model,observes the phenomena and determines the data and conjectures the experiment results according to a certain method.The third is a calculating approach.Which draws out the experiment scheme according to the theory analysis and experiment observation,inputs the data by program and calculates the numerical value solution with computer.All these approaches have advantages and disadvantages.Only supplement each other can they advance the development of fluid mechanics.Modern fluid mechanics has band the three approaches together organically and promote the development of fluid mechanics quickly.13 The first contribution to the come into being of the subject of fluid mechanics was did by Archimedes of ancient Greece.He founded the liquid balance theory include the physical principle of buoyancy and buoyancy stability.He established the basis of the hydrostatics.4、History of Fluid Mechanics The form and development of fluid mechanics is fell into five phases.The first period：before 20 BC.Questions of projectiles movement in fluid was put forward.The second period：from 20 B.C to late stage of A.D 17.Archimedes fix quantity theory of buoyancy;Maliaut the balance to measure the resistance of moving object;Pasica the basic relation formula of hydrostatics;The third period：from late stage of A.D 17 to the early days of A.D 20.Newton Newtons law of viscosity;15The fourth period：from early days of A.D 20 to middle period.Prandtl boundary layer theory.Lagrange stream function；Reynolds Reynolds experiment and Reynolds equation;Navier-Stokesdifferential equation of viscous fluid motion;The fifth period：after middle period of A.D 20.The fluid mechanics has begun to research the questions in weather,ocean,petroleum,chemical engineer,energy sources,environmental protection and construction fields etc,and infiltrated with relative contiguous subjects each other and formed many new branches.Bernoulli Bernoullis law of steady incompressible fluid;Euler describing method of fluid motion and equation set of inviscid fluid motion;16 伯 努 力 定常不可压缩流体的伯努力定理；第四时期：二十世纪初叶至中叶。普 朗 特 边界层理论。欧 拉 流体运动的描述方法和无粘性流体运动的方程组;拉格朗日 流函数；雷 诺 雷诺实验、雷诺方程式；纳维斯托克斯粘性流体运动微分方程。第五时期：二十世纪中叶以后。流体力学开始研究气象、海洋、石油、化工、能源、环保和建筑等领域中的流体力学问题，并与有关邻近学科相互渗透，形成许多新分支。18五、如何学好流体力学五、如何学好流体力学 1.掌握从一般到特殊的学习方法 从物体机械运动普遍规律出发，掌握一般形式的基本方程组，再根据具体条件分析具体问题，派生方程只是基本方程在不同条件下的简化应用。2.在掌握“三基”上下功夫 掌握基本原理、基本概念、基本方法，反复训练，深刻理解。3.认真听课，适当记笔记 对自己认为的重点、难点认真听老师的讲解和处理方法，对典型的课堂例题，应记录分析问题的思路、解题步骤。194.Do preparations，attend the lecture with good preparations.Do preparations for some more difficult chapters.Listening to the teacher explain mostly where you cant understand by yourself.You should read the book with your 70%energy and the most important is to understand it,not to remember it by rote.5.Solution standardization and enhancing to train the basic approaches.Youd better copy the topic before do homework so as to reference when you review.Insist on solving questions with physical method,define the type of the questions,conclude carefully,cognize the knowledge point in it,master the thought and method to solve the questions so you can comprehend by analogy and draw inferences about other cases from one instance.6.Attach importance to experiment and do it by yourself.Do experiment which stated in the teaching outline carefully by yourself and enforce the understanding.Apply and sublime the knowledge you had learned.Train the capability of DIY and also build the bases for the future research of science experiment.20 4.作好预习，有准备地听课 对较难章节，一定要预习，看不懂的地方重点听老师讲解，要把70的精力放在看书上，重要的是理解，不要死记硬背。5.解题规范化，加强基本功训练 作业最好抄题，便于复习时参考。坚持用物理方法解题，要拆题型，认真归纳，明确其中知识点，掌握解题思路和方法步骤，达到解题触类旁通，举一反三的目的。6.重视实验，亲手去做 对教学大纲中规定的实验都亲自认真去做，加强对所学知识的理解、应用和升华。培养独立的动手能力，也为将来进行科学实验研究奠定基础。216、Modern teaching research of fluid mechanicsCAI teaching,multimedia and duplex language teaching etc.22六、流体力学现代教学研究六、流体力学现代教学研究CAI教学，多媒体双语教学等。24