虚拟语气课件--高三英语二轮复习.pptx
虚拟语气Dacy老师定义与种类 l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready.我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Open the door,please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:If I were you,I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed!祝您成功！在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如:If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should+动词原形，were to+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形 注:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:If my brother were here,everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt(couldnt)have failed in the exam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:If it were Sunday tomorrow,I should (would，could，might)go to see my grandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如:If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如:Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如:Without air(If there were not air),there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)I couldnt have done it.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)；I would have finished the work,but I have been ill.(If I hadnt been ill,I would have finished the work.)我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成)6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句。如:You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)其他用法 l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It is important(strange，natural，necessary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意义。如:It is important that every member(should)inform himself of these rules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如:I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用had十过去分词。如:I wish(wished)I hadnt spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为would十动词原形。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如:I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如:I demand that he(should)answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答复我。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Even if he had been ill,he would have gone t his office.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“could或might（有时也用should）+动词原形”。如:Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could(might)hear clearly.格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It is time(that)句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了。如:Its(high)time we did our homework.我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别太晚睡觉。(2)在一些习惯表达中。如:I would rather not tell you.我宁愿不告诉你。(3)用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。练习 1If I _ to study,I couldnt have passed the exam.Ahadnt stayed up Bdidnt stay up Chavent stayed up Dshouldnt stay up【答案】A 考查时态。句意：如果我没有熬夜学习，我就不能通过这次考试了。分析句意可知，本句使用的是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去的事实相反，使用过去完成时，故选择A项。2Be careful!Dont take the vase_ it were made of steel.Aas long as Bas soon as Cas if Donce【答案】C 考查连词。句意：小心点！不要动那个花瓶，好像它是钢铁制成的。A.as long as只要；B.as soon as一.就；C.as if 好像；D.once一旦。根据it were made of steel可知是虚拟语气，与现在事实相反。故选C。3The Smiths would like to _ on a trip to Beijing,but it was called off because of their fathers illness.Ago Bhave gone Cgoing Dhaving gone【答案】B 考查固定搭配。句意：史密斯夫妇本来想要去北京旅行，但是因为他们父亲生病了，所以旅行取消了。Would like to have done是虚拟语气的一种表达方式，表示“本来已经做了，但实际上并没有做”，根据句意可知，事情发生在过去，因为他们父亲生病所以他们没有去北京，句子表达的是他们希望已经去北京了但实际上没去，应用have gone，故选B。4_ anyone treat me like that,I _ complain to the manager.AShould;would BDid;should CWould;might DCould;might【答案】A 考查if的虚拟语气倒装。句意：如果有人像那样对我，我会向经理投诉。根据句意可知，此句为if引导的虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用if+主语+should+动词原形，主句用主语+would+动词原形。即句子为：If anyone should treat me like that,I would complain to the manager。If 引导的虚拟语气条件从句可以用倒装，即将should置于句首，省略if，故选A。5_ for the free tickets,I would not have gone to the films so often.AIf it is not BWere CHad it not been DIf they were not【答案】C 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那些免费的票，我不会去影院这么频繁。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，与过去事实相反，从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“would+have+过去分词”。在虚拟语气的句子里，有时可以省略从句中的if，把动词be，助动词had等放在句首。故选C。6-Where have you been?-I _ in the heavy traffic.Otherwise,I _ here earlier.Agot stuck;would have come Bgot stuck;was Chave got stuck;would have come Dhad got stuck;would come【答案】A 考查时态和虚拟。句意：你去哪了？我刚在路上堵车了。不然我早就应该到了。结合问句句意可知问得是过去，要是用一般过去时，答句中出现了otherwise引，为含蓄虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，用 would have done 的结构。故选A项。7Without your timely help during the accident,I _ to the interview.Amustnt have made it Bcant make it Ccouldnt have made it Dshouldnt make it【答案】C 考查虚拟语气。句意：在意外事故中没有你及时的帮助，我不可能及时赶上面试。根据句中的“Without your timely help”考虑句子是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，主句需要使用虚拟语气，结合句意判断是对过去情况的虚拟，需要使用would/could/should/might+have done的形式。故选C。8It is strange that the prominent celebrity _ into exactly the same trap where many former stars got arrested.Afall Bfell Cwould fall Dhad fall【答案】A 考查虚拟语气。句意：奇怪的是，这位著名的名人也落入了许多前明星被捕的陷阱。It is strange that sb.(should)do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事很奇怪”，should可省略，因此空格处用动词原形fall，故选A。9Its strange that he_ have taken the books without the owners permission.Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight【答案】B 考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。10It is required that every student_ a foreign language before going abroad.Amust learn Blearn Clearns Dwill learn【答案】B 考查虚拟语气。句意：每个学生出国前都必须学一门外语。句型It is required that.，该句型中that从句要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。结合选项，选项B符合题意，故选B。11She insisted that the man who had stolen her wallet _ to the police station.Asending Bto be sent Cbe sent Dbeing sent【答案】C 考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：她坚持要把那个偷她钱包的人送到警察局去。根据句意可知，insist意为“坚持要求，坚决主张”，其后的that从句中用sb.should do的虚拟语气，should可省略，那个人是被送到警察局去，因此空格处是被动语态（should）be sent。故选C。12I highly recommended that he _ another chance to try.Agives Bgave Cgive Dbe given【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。句意：我强烈建议给他再试一次的机会。recommend后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，且谓语动词give与主语和是被动关系，故选D。13When the earthquake happened,it seemed _the world were coming to an end.Athat Bas Cif Das if【答案】D 考查表语从句。句意：地震发生的时候，好像世界末日到了。A.that 连接词，无意义；B.as 正如，像一样；C.if 是否；D.as if 似乎，好像。分析句子可知，此处引导一个表语从句，根据句意可知，从句使用虚拟语气，所以应用as if 引导该从句，故选D项。14The pianist listened to our request that he _ in public again.Awould play Bmust play Cplayed Dplay【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。句意：这位钢琴家听从了我们的请求，再次在公众场合演奏。此处为同位语从句，解释说明request的内容，且request表示“请求”时，所接的同位语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词，should可省略。故选D。15Don t blame the boy.He only made a mistake which others_on such an occasion.Awill make Bwould make Cwere to make Dwould have made【答案】D 考查情态动词+have done。句意：不要怪那个小男孩，他只是犯了一个其他人在这种情况下也会犯的错误。根据句意，是小男孩犯了错误，其他人并没有犯这种错误，此处要用虚拟语气，且这个是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，would have done 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”所以空格处要用情态动词加have done结构，选D项。THANK YOUDacy老师
