高考英语一轮复习外刊语法填空The global economy讲义.docx

外刊语法填空含全文翻译和重难点句型讲解The global economySapped of vitalityWhy are the rich worlds politicians giving up on economic growth?The prospect of recession may loom over the global economy today, but the rich worlds difficulties over growth are graver still. The long-run rate of growth has dwindled alarmingly, 1._(contribute) to problems including stagnant living standards and fulminating populists. Between 1980 and 2000, GDP per person grew 2._ an annual rate of 2.25% on average. Since then the pace of growth has sunk to about 1.1%.Although much of the slowdown reflects immutable forces such as ageing, some of it can be reversed. The problem is that, as we write this week, reviving growth has slid perilously down politicians to-do lists. Their election manifestos are less focused on growth 3._ before, and their appetite for reform has vanished.Ageing has not just hurt growth directly, it has also made electorates less bothered about GDP. Growth most benefits workers with a career ahead of them, not pensioners on 4._(fix) incomes. Our analysis of political manifestos shows that the anti-growth sentiment they contain has surged by about 60% since the 1980s. Welfare states have become focused on providing the elderly with pensions and health care 5._ _ investing in growth-boosting infrastructure or the development of young children. Support for growth-enhancing reforms has withered.In fact, demographic decline means 6._ liberal, growth-boosting reforms are more vital than ever. These will not restore the heady rates of the late 20th century. But embracing free trade, loosening building rules, reforming immigration regimes and making tax systems friendly to business investment 7._ add half a percentage point or so to annual per-person growth. That will not put voters in raptures, but todays growth is so low 8._ every bit of progress mattersand in time will add up to much greater economic strength.For the time being the West is being made to look good by China and Russia, 9._ have both inflicted deep economic wounds on themselves. Yet unless they embrace growth, rich democracies will see their economic vitality ebb away and will become weaker on the world stage. 10._ you start thinking about growth, wrote Robert Lucas, a Nobel-prize-winning economist, “it is hard to think about anything else”. If only governments would take that first step.answer1. contributing 2.at 3.than 4.fixed 5.rather than 6.that 7.may 8.that9.which 10.Once 短语：1.原文：Why are the rich worlds politicians giving up on economic growth?词典：rich world发达国家；富裕国家例句：Technology's impact will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. 科技的影响就像一场龙卷风，首先袭击富裕国家，但最终也会席卷贫穷国家。 2.原文：The prospect of recession may loom over the global economy today, but the rich worlds difficulties over growth are graver still.词典：loom over笼罩；困扰；赫然出现; 隐约显现例句：Vincent loomed over me, as pale and grey as a tombstone.文森特赫然出现在我面前，脸色苍白阴沉得像块墓碑。3.原文：The problem is that, as we write this week, reviving growth has slid perilously down politicians to-do lists.词典：to-do list任务清单；工作安排例句：Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your dayin particular how we craft our to-do lists. 另一种以更短时间完成更多事情的方法是重新思考如何安排你一天的优先次序特别是如何制定待办事项清单。4.原文：In the 1970s and 1980s women in many rich countries flocked into the workforce.词典：flock into大批地涌进；成群结队涌到例句：The crowd flocked into the church. 人群涌入教堂。 5.原文：By 2000 most of them could boast of owning at least two cars.词典：boast of吹牛，自夸例句：This is an age when we boast of our emotional intelligence and we claim to feel each other's pain. 这是一个我们吹嘘情商并宣称能够体会到彼此痛苦的年代。6.原文：Many of those growth-boosting trends have since stalled or gone into reverse.词典：go into reverse出现逆转；向相反方向发展例句：In 2002 economic growth went into reverse. 2002年，经济增长发生了逆转。7.原文：Others, such as university education, housing and health care, are lumbered with red tape and rent-seeking.词典：be lumbered with拖累、堆满无用之物例句：The room is lumbered with numerous boxes. 房子里胡乱堆着很多箱子。8.原文：Its failure to build enough houses in its prosperous south-east has hampered productivity, and its exit from the European Union has damaged trade and scared off investment.词典：scare off吓跑例句：I don't think that revealing your past to your boyfriend scared him off.我并不认为是因为你把自己的过去告诉了你的男朋友才把他吓跑的。9.原文：Yet unless they embrace growth, rich democracies will see their economic vitality ebb away and will become weaker on the world stage.词典：ebb away渐渐衰退；消逝例句：As night fell, our enthusiasm began to ebb away. 我们的热情随着夜晚的降临而渐渐低落下来。长难句1.原文： After the second world war, a baby boom produced a cohort of workers who were better educated than any previous generation and who boosted average productivity as they gained experience. 分析：本句比较长，包含两个定语从句。“After the second world war”为时间状语，“a baby boom”是主语，后面“produced”是谓语，后面紧跟的内容是宾语，同时又是先行词；who引导定语从句，对先行词进行解释说明；再往后用and连接两个并列从句，第二个who同样引导定语从句，继续对先行词进行解释说明。译文：二战后，婴儿潮造就了一批受教育程度高于以往任何一代人的工人，随着经验的积累，他们拉高了平均生产力。2.原文：The twin problems of structural change and political decay are especially apparent in Britain, which since 2007 has managed annual growth in GDP per person averaging just 0.4% (see Britain section). 分析：本句较长，包含非限定性定语从句。开头是“The twin problems of structural change and political decay”是主语；“are”是系动词，后面apparent是形容词作表语，前面的especially为副词，修饰形容词； “The twin problems of structural change and political”是先行词，“which”引导限定性定语从句，对先行词进行解释说明。译文：结构性变化和政治衰退的双重问题在英国尤为明显，自2007年以来，让英国人均GDP的年平均增长率仅为0.4%（见英国部分）。 写作技巧：1. Its failure to build enough houses in its prosperous south-east has hampered productivity, and its exit from the European Union has damaged trade and scared off investment.英国未能在其繁荣的东南部地区建造足够多的房屋，这阻碍了生产力的发展，英国退出欧盟也损害了贸易，吓跑了投资。2. President Donald Trump promised 4% annual growth but hindered long-term prosperity by undermining the global trading system. 唐纳德特朗普总统承诺每年增长4%，但却破坏了全球贸易体系，阻碍了长期繁荣。生词：hamper vt.妨碍；阻止；阻碍hinder vt.阻碍；妨碍；阻挡本文中，用两种词汇表达了“阻碍、妨碍”的意思，其实英语中表示“阻碍、妨碍”的词汇不少，在这里帮大家总结归纳一些常见表达方法，希望大家好好记住，写作翻译时可以灵活运用，常见表达有 “impede; obstruct; foreclosure; stand in the way; stop . from; prevent . from .; block; be obstructive to; arrest；block; impede; impediment; rejection; stunting; hold-up”等。例句：The bad weather hampered rescue operations.恶劣的天气阻碍了救助行动。Further investigation was hindered by the loss of all documentation on the case.由于有关此案的材料全部丢失，进一步的调查受到了阻碍。Debris and fallen rock are impeding the progress of the rescue workers.瓦砾和落下的岩石正阻碍着救援人员的进程。The authorities are obstructing a United Nations investigation.当局在阻挠一次联合国调查。Mr. Smith was obstructive and refused to follow correct procedure. 史密斯先生故意刁难，拒绝照章办事。We cannot allow dogmatism to stand in the way of progress. 我们不能让教条主义阻碍前进的步伐。Sorry I'm late. There was a hold-up on the motorway. 抱歉，我来晚了，公路上堵车了。For years the country has tried to block imports of various cheap foreign products.多年以来，这个国家曾试图阻止多种外国廉价产品的进口。背景知识：特拉斯政府的本意，是希望通过大规模减税，促进英国在疫情冲击后经济的迅速复苏。如果税基和税源能得以扩大，那么550亿英镑的减税额长远来看也可以赚得回来。而且，减税对于大多数深陷在通胀中的英国民众来说，当然也不是一件坏事。不过，尚在蜜月期内的特拉斯与她的内阁，尤其是她的财相克沃滕，远远低估了这次大胆尝试在短期内造成的冲击力度。“迷你预算案”刚一推出，可怕的债市汇市双崩盘迅速发生。2022年，先是俄乌冲突严重升级，导致能源和大宗商品市场飙涨，带动英国自从5月开始出现了食品、汽油和零售品物价的大幅上涨，通胀率在夏天正式冲破了10%。与此同时，大洋彼岸的美联储开始发力进入加息循环，顶着高通胀开始了回收全球美元的过程。这让英国央行别无选择只能跟着小步加息，以防止英镑汇率像日元一样崩溃。最先被一次次加息影响到的，就是英国背负房贷的中产家庭，如果当时签下的是浮动利率的贷款合同，如今每个家庭每个月就要多付出数百英镑的利息。对大多数人而言，减税省下的那点钱根本不够填补这个窟窿。而英国的加息，无疑也推高了政府借债的成本，英国现有的政府债务总额约为2.4万亿英镑，大约已是英国GDP总额的80%，若干次加息之后，当下英国政府每年光是利息成本就逼近1000亿英镑。可以说，此时推出的大规模减税计划，根本就是无源之水。而每当记者问起减税后的财源，已经严重无视了财政纪律的特拉斯，都无法准确给出“如何还债”的计划，甚至一度提出了“债务展期，付息不还本”这种会严重伤及英国主权信用的回答。在这种背景下，金融市场毫不意外地给予了她当头一记暴击。段落大意：【1】全球经济衰退带来各种问题，而发达国家面临的增长困难更为严峻。【2】政客们的任务清单已经转变。【3】人口老龄化不仅直接损害了经济增长，也使选民们不再那么关心GDP，对促进增长的改革支持力度已经减弱。【4】人口数量的下降意味着自由的、促进增长的改革比以往任何时候都更加重要。【5】经济增长的问题上，中国、俄罗斯与西方发达国家一荣俱荣、一损俱损。7学科网（北京）股份有限公司