初中单词、词组、常用短语辨析.ppt

单词辨析第一组Anybody,anyone与any onev(1)anybody 和anyone 都指“任何人”，后接单数名词。v（2）anybody 和 anyone 在not后面表示全部否定，但不能放在not前，否定主语时要用nobody.vEg.Nobody can do that.谁也不会做那件事。v（3）any one是指某些人或物中的“任何一个”，用来表明只限一个，后面常接of短语。vEg.You may tell any one of us.第二组listen up,listen to 和 hearvListen up 意为“注意听”，常用于口语。vEg.Listen up,tom!Someone is crying.注意听，汤姆，外面有人在哭！vListen to意为“听”,强调的是听的动作本身，可解释为”倾听”。Eg.Do you listen to the radio every day?hear 侧重于强调听的结果，常表示为“听见，听到”。Eg.I can hear someone coming up.我能够听见有人来了。第三组raise 与risevRaise 是及物动词，意为“抬高”、“提高”，强调动作的姿态，反义词是lower(放低）。vEg.raise ones hands 举手 raise a flag 升旗 raise a stone搬石头 raise ones voice 提高嗓门说话 raise living standards提高生活水平vRise 是不及物动词，表示“升起”、“站起来”、“上涨”的意思，表示由低到高的变化过程。vEg.The river is rising.河水正在上涨。第四组arrive,reach 与get(to)vReach 是及物动词，除“到达”外还可以指“够着”等。vEg.We reach London late at night.vArrive 是不及物动词，相对较大的地方后加介词in,小地方就用at。vEg.What time dose the plane arrive in New York?飞机何时抵达纽约？vIt was already dark by the time they arrived at night.他们到达酒店时天已经黑了。vGet to 是口头用语。vEg.We got to Paris that evening.那晚我们到达巴黎。单选v1.She can choose _ of the apples.v A.anyone B.any one C.anybody D.no onev2.Were _ money for our sick roommate.vA.raise B.rising C.raising D.risev3.With the help of the Internet,news can _every corner of the world.vA.arrive B.reach C.go D.get 第五组because 和 because of vBecause 后面接从句，表示原因。vEg.He didnt attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.他没参加会议，因为他工作太忙。vBecause of 后接名词，代词或名词性短语，意为“因为，由于”，在句中一般用作状语，可置于句首或句末。vBecause of the bad weather,we didnt climb the hill.由于恶劣的天气，我们没有爬山。第六组spend,cost,take 和payvSpend 主语必须是人，常用结构：spend time/money on sth.或(in)doing sth.vEg.The girl spent five yuan on the book/(in)buying the boook.这女孩买这本书花了五元钱。vCost 的主语是物或某种活动，常用结构：v sth.cost(s)（sb.)+金钱。vEg.The new skirt costs me twenty dollars.这条新裙子花了我二十美元。vTake 后面常跟双宾语，常用结构：vit takes/took/sb.+时间+to do sth.vEg.It took me an hour to do my homework last night.昨天我做作业花了一个小时的时间。vPay 的主语也必须是人，常用结构：sb.+pay(s)+金钱+for sth.vEg.You have to pay five dollars for the three books.这三本书你得花5美元。第七组a bit 与a little 两者均译为“一点儿”，都可用作程度状语，修饰形容词或副词，常可替换。Eg.Please come here a little/a bit ealier tomorrow.明天请早点来这儿。（1）a little 可用作形容词，直接修饰名词；a bit 修饰名词时需加of.Eg.Give me a little water,please.=Give me a bit of water,please.请给我一点水。（2）not a little 与not a bit 含义不同Not a little=much 意为“很，非常”Eg.Im not a little cold.我非常冷。Not a bit=not at all 意为“一点也不”Eg.Im not a bit cold.我一点也不冷。第八组die,dead,与deathv(1)die 是动词，强调动作；dead 是形容词，与be 连用表示状态；death为名词，不能作谓语。vEg.His father has died in 1986.他的父亲死于1986年。v（2）die 是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，在完成时中常用be dead 替换。vEg.His father has died for three years.(错）vHis father has been dead for three years.(正确）v他的父亲已经死了三年了。第九组vAt the end of 意为“在的结尾”vEg.At the end of the street,youll find the hospital.在街的尽头，你会发现医院。vBy the end of 意为“到末为止”。后接过去时间常用于过去完成时态。vEg.We had learned more than 2,000 English words by the end of last month.到上个月为止，我们已经学会了2000多个英语单词了。vIn the end 意为“最后”，与at last 和finally同义。vEg.In the end,we got to a small village.最后，我们到了一个小村庄。第十组词组vRun away 逃离，逃跑 run after 追赶vRun across 无意间碰到 run off 逃走vRun down 耗尽能量，停止工作第十一组同近义词辨析v（1）be afraid of 意为“害怕”，afraid 是形容词，在句中只能做表语，of 后跟名词或动词的-ing 形式（指自己不能决定而突然发生的事）与frightended 的意思相同。vEg.Dont be afraid of making mistakes.不要怕犯错误。v（2）be afraid to do sth.表示”害怕做某事“vEg.Im afraid to tell her the truth.我害怕告诉她真相。拓展链接v（1）be afraid+that 引导的从句，意为“恐怕，担心”vEg.Im afraid that youre ill.恐怕你是病了。v（2）Im afraid so./Im afraid not.前者表示同意，后者则表示不同意。vEg.“is tom ill in hospital?”“Im afraid so.”“汤姆生病住院了吗？”“是的”v“can I take the seat?”“Im afraid not.”“我可以坐这个座位吗？”“恐怕不行。”生词allow用法vAllow 允许v（1）allow sb.To do sth.允许某人做某事。vEg.The police dont allow children to play football in the street.警察不允许孩子们在街上踢足球。v（2）allow doing sth.准许干某事vEg.They do not allow smoking here.他们不允许在这里吸烟。v（3）be allowed to do sth.被允许干某事vEg.I was allowed to stand beside her.我被允许站在她身边。v（4）allow 意为“提供/拨出(时间/金钱等）”。veg.You should allow ten minutes for each examination question.每道试题你应该大约做10分钟。v（5）allow of 允许，使有可能vEg.The problem allows of only one question.这道题只可能有一种解法，短语tryv（1）Try harder to win 意为“更加努力去赢”v（2）Try to do sth.意为“设法/努力去做某事”vEg.He tried to climb the tall tree.他试着要爬那棵高树。v（3）Try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”vEg.He tried climbing the tall tree.他试着爬上那棵高树。v（4）try ones best to do sth.竭尽所能做某事vEg.The final exam is coming;well try our best to pass it.期末考试临近了，我们要竭尽所能考试及格第十二组短语v(1)take part in 意为“参加”，指参加某项活动，并在其中起到一定作用。Eg.Did you take part in the sports meeting last month?你参加上个月的运动会了吗？v（2）attend 指参加、出席会议等活动，但不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。Eg.All of us attended the meeting yesterday.我们都参加了昨天的会议。v（3）join(=become a member of)指参加，加入某一派、团体，成为其中一员，后面也可跟us,them,the boys等表示一群人的词或短语，表示参与到一群人的活动中。Eg.They joined the League two months ago.他们两个月前入了团。v（4）take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、竞赛等，强调参加者在其中起一定的作用。Eg.We are getting ready to take part in the speech contest.我们正准备参加这次演讲比赛。第十三组charge v（1）charge 充电vEg.He is charging a battery.他正在给一块电池充电。v（2）charge with以罪名控告vEg.The police charged him with robbery.警察以抢劫罪控告他。v（3）in charge of主管，管理vEg.Im the teacher in charge of the classes.我是负责管理那个班级的老师。v（4）take charge of主管/照料/管理vEg.He took charge of the group.他管理那一批人。重难点句子分析v1.whats wrong with an ordinary magazine?普通的杂志怎么了？vWhats wrong with?意为“怎么了？”，用于询问某人/物有什么毛病。Eg.Whats wrong with you,tom?汤姆，你怎么了？vWhats wrong with?=whats the matter with?vEg.Whats wrong with the computer?=whats the matter with the computer?电脑出什么毛病了？短语v（1）on ones way to意为“在某人去某地的路上”，介词to表示方向，后接名词。vEg.On my way to school I found a wallet lying on the grpund.在我上学的路上，我发现一个钱包正躺在地上。v如果后面接地点副词如，here,there,home等时则不加to.vEg.On my way home.在我回家的路上。v（2）in this/that way用/那种方法v（3）in a way在某种程度上v（4）in the way 妨碍，挡道v（5）by the way顺便说同近义词辨析v（1）few,a few用来修饰可数名词vEg.A few people came to our village yesterday.昨天几个人来到了我们村子。v（2）little,a little 用来修饰不可数名词vEg.There is a little water in the glasses.那杯里有点水。v（3）few,little 意为“很少，几乎没有”，表否定。Eg.Theres little water in the river.那河里几乎没有水。v（4）a few,a little 意为“一点儿”，表肯定vEg.Give me a little water.请给我一点水。练习v1.this English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _new words in it.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few解析：因被修饰词new words是可数名词，故排除A,B，由句意“这英语报纸对学生们来说很容易，因为里面很少有生词”可知排除D2.“You look sad,Kate.”“Yeah,I have made _mistakes in my report.”A.a little B.little C.a few D.few1.解析：被修饰词mistakes 是可数名词，故排除A,B，而上句意为“看上去很难过”，说明是“出了几处错误”，表意是肯定的，因而排除D交际用语v（1）道歉用语：vExcuse me for 请原谅我vpardon me for请原谅我vIm really sorry for我真为感到抱歉。vIm sorry,but Im busy.很抱歉，我很忙。vSorry to have kept you waiting.对不起让你久等了。vI hope youll pardon me for希望你能原谅我v应答用语：vNot at all.一点也不vDont mention it.别提了。vNever mind,it really doesnt matter.没关系，真的不要紧。vThats ok/all right.没关系。vForget it.别想它了。vDont worry about it.不要担心这件事。