初中英语被动语态全课件.ppt

.the Passive Voice （被动语态）（被动语态）文综之家 英语的两大语态：英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态A.A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者发出者。宾语。宾语是谓语动词的对象。是谓语动词的对象。B.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者承受者(动作的动作的对象对象)。被动语态的谓语构成被动语态的谓语构成:助动词助动词bebe动词过去分词动词过去分词语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态被动语态)语态语态被打的豆豆被动语态讲解被动语态讲解遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。里的人只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。Doudou is always beaten by someone.昨天晚上昨天晚上 ，夜黑风高，它又被打了。，夜黑风高，它又被打了。Doudou was beaten yesterday evening.明天，豆豆还会面临明天，豆豆还会面临n n顿暴打，可怜顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊的豆豆啊。Tomorrow,Doudou will be beaten several times.可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years.我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打一定是正在被打 。Our dear doudou is being beaten now.随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。它啊。Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime.什么时候要用被动语态呢？什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态什么时候用被动语态 与主动的区别不知道主语是谁不知道主语是谁主语是大家显而易见的主语是大家显而易见的动作是谁做的不重要动作是谁做的不重要宾语做主语 谓语结构改变 助动词助动词be有人称、数的变化有人称、数的变化,其变化其变化规则与规则与be作为连系动词时一样。作为连系动词时一样。如：如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构助动词助动词be（am/is/are）+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：1.They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many trees were plantedTen computerswere bought1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时被动结构：一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are +过去分词过去分词一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.被动语态被动语态主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by主动语态主动语态各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原动词原形形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词Exercise:He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.Exercise:We call the snowman Mr.Strong.The snowman is called Mr.Strong.They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.现在完成时have/has been+done Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years.Have you posted the letters yet?变为被动句变为被动句_归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、”来进行。即：来进行。即：变变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。的宾语。套套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：例：Many people speak English.English by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday.His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一变一变二套二套三注意三注意被动语态的大体构成：被动语态的大体构成：Be+PP（过去分词）（过去分词）主动语态变被动之歌：主动语态变被动之歌：被动语态强调宾，被动语态强调宾，be后加上过去分。后加上过去分。Be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，行为对象作主语，逻辑主语逻辑主语by来引。来引。被动语态构成被动语态构成 Be doneBe 的相应时态的相应时态+动词过去分词动词过去分词 现在时现在时 am is are+done Doudou is always beaten by someone.Children_in China.A is taken good care B have taken goodcare C are taken good care of D must take care of 主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：We clean our classroom every day.Our classroomis cleaned主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语by usevery day结构：主动语态：结构：主动语态：主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 被动语态：被动语态：主语主语 be+过去分词过去分词by+宾语宾语即即即即:、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。”(注注注注:主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词byby宾语宾语宾语宾语)主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者（动词后）即动作的承受者（动词后）They make shoes in that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断谓语动词的时态判断谓语动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语动词的时态修改谓语动词的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.by them in that factory.task（一）（一）1.We like Miss Lin Very much.Miss Lin _ _ by us very much.2.Many young people love Jay Chou songs.Jay Chous songs _ _ by many young people.islikedareloved时态时态:结构：结构：am/is/are+done一般现在时一般现在时把下列句子改为被动语态：把下列句子改为被动语态：1.We call the game“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)The game _ _“Lianliankan”by us.2.People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态)Metal _ _ _making machines.iscalledisusedfor Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.1、Tea _ (grow)in Fujian.2、Chinese _ (speak)in China.3、The bed _ (use)for sleeping.4、Our classroom _ (clean)every day.5、The cars _ (make)in Beijing.is grownis spokenis usedis cleanedare made注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且的时态不能变。且bebe动词和新主语保持一动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词改为被动句时作介词 by by的宾语，要用宾格。的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题一些使役动词一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词或感官动词(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式动词不定式不带不带to，但改为，但改为被动语态被动语态时，要补上时，要补上to。如：。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.B.The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house.C.He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.D.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.D.We hear her sing in the room every day.E.She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch see/hear/watch sbsb doing doing sthsth时，变为被动语态时，时，变为被动语态时，doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动)2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时被动结构：一般过去时被动结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词 Exercise:He bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought yesterday.3.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时被动结构：现在进行时被动结构：am/is/are+being+PPExercise:They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports meeting is being held(by them)now.Exercise:They are playing volleyball now.Volleyball is being played(by them)now4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.The famous man was being interviewed by her 过去进行时被动结构：过去进行时被动结构：was/were+being+PPExercise:He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.Basketball was being played at 8:00 yesterday.5.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时被动结构：一般将来时被动结构：will+be+过去分词过去分词They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.be going to+be+ppExercise:The girl will finish her homework in twenty minutes.Her homework will be finished(by the girl)in twenty minutes.6.He said the workers would build a new school in two weeks.He said a new school would be built in two weeks.过去将来时被动构成：过去将来时被动构成：would+be+ppThey would have a party the next day.A party would be had(by them)the next day.7.Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词变被动：情态动词变被动：情态动词情态动词+be+过分过分Exercise:He may carry the basket easily.The basket may be easily carried by him.They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.8.We have made twenty keysTwenty keys have been made by us.现在完成时被动结构：现在完成时被动结构：have/has+been+过去分词过去分词Exercise:Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.9.We had seen this film before you came here.This film had been seen by us before you came here.过去完成时被动结构：过去完成时被动结构：had+been+PPExercise:The doctor knew that he had known his problem.The doctor knew that his problemhad been known by him.各种时态的被动情况：各种时态的被动情况：一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：现在进行时：现在进行时：过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：一般将来时：一般将来时：过去将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：情态动词变被动：am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehave/has been donehad been doneshall/will be donebe going to be donewould/should+be+done情态动词情态动词+be+doneExercise:Pick out the passive voice We have an old musical instrument.It was called clavichord It was made in 1681.Our clavichord is kept in the living room.It has belonged to our family for a long time.The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.She tried to play jazz on it!She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.My father was shocked.We arent allowed to touch it.Now it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Exercises:一.选择填空:1.Windows of glass.A.be made B.is made C.are madeB.D.been madeC.2.The house in 2004.D.is built B.is building C.was built D.usedE.3.A coat can for keeping warm.F.be used B.is used C.been used D.usedCCA4.Watches_ Shanghai.A.are made in B.is made C.are made from D.made5.This desk is made _ wood.A.of B.from C.in D.by6.The things on show were _ the old days.A.used B.used to C.used for D.used in7.Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou A.is produced B.are produced C.produced D.is produces A A DA1.I was given a book by him.(间宾作主）间宾作主）He gave me a book.(变被动）变被动）主语主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾直宾2.A book was given to me by him.My mother bought me a birthday cake.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾直宾1.I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.2.A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：带有双宾语的动词变为被动歌谣：原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或或for。变为被动时，间宾前加变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾的带有双宾语的动词有：语的动词有：14个个bring,teach,pass,hand,give,lend,refuse,leave,promise,tell,return,show,send,write.变为被动时，间宾前加变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的的带有双宾语的动词有：动词有：5个个buy,get,do,pay,sing.把下列句子变为主动语态：1.They made shoes in that factory.2.They will make shoes in that factory.3.They would make shoes in that factory.4.They can make shoes in that factory.5.They have made shoes in that factory.6.They had made shoes in that factory.7.They are making shoes in that factory.8.They were making shoes in that factoryWe usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to play in the next room.带复合宾语的被动语态结构带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let havehear see notice原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to或或 for。情态动词变被动，情态加情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。加过分。1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _well.(照顾)3._ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5.The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行)in Beijing in 2008.was opened be looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3.We found the ticket on the floor.5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong1.必须照看好孩子们。必须照看好孩子们。The children must be taken good care.()The children must be taken good care of.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。这本书是鲁迅写的。This book was wrote by Lu Xun.()This book was written by Lu Xun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。昨天那支笔是他给我的。That pencil was given me by him yesterday.()That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.()WRWRWR4.这辆自行车能修吗？这辆自行车能修吗？Can this bike mended?()Can this bike be mended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。街道已由他们清理了。The street has been cleaned by they.()The street has been cleaned by them.()WRWR动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked afterThey made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were making shoes in that factory.(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear/watch/.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song(by us).This song is often heard(by us)to be sung(by them).一感二听三使四看feel/hear listen/make have let/look see watch notice这十大动词在主动句中动词用原形，但在变为被动语态时必须加上to使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to在句子像妖怪。主动句里to 走开，被动句里to回来。动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.注意注意:约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：类似的还有：It is reported/believed/hoped/supposed that.We report 1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,happen,take place,last,come true,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。等。*Great changes have taken place in this city.*That bike doesnt belong to Mike.2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】【正】Look at the blackboard，please【误】【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】【正】You must look after yourself【误】【误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖