高中英语语法.pptx

一、概述一、概述一般情况下，英语句子语序是一般情况下，英语句子语序是“主语主语+V.+V.+其他其他”。这是自然语序。如：。这是自然语序。如：知识详知识详解解 Thisismybook.Thisismybook.(主语主语+V.+V.+表语）表语）IlikeEnglish.IlikeEnglish.(主语主语+V.+V.+宾语）宾语）Ilikelivinginthiscity.Ilikelivinginthiscity.(主语主语+V.+V.+状语）状语）第1页/共39页知识详知识详解解但有时基于各种需要，而将谓语全部或部分放在但有时基于各种需要，而将谓语全部或部分放在主语的前面，而形成主语的前面，而形成倒装倒装。这种语序叫。这种语序叫倒装序倒装序，含有，含有此种语序的句子，叫此种语序的句子，叫倒装句倒装句。如：。如：OutwenttheOutwentthechildren.children.OnlythisafternoondidIOnlythisafternoondidIfinishthenovel.finishthenovel.(状语状语+V.+V.+主语）主语）(状语状语+V.+V.+主语）主语）MayyouMayyousucceed.succeed.(情态动词情态动词+主语主语+V.+V.）PresentatthemeetingPresentatthemeetingwerewereProfessorWhite,ProfessorProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherSmithandmanyotherguests.guests.(表语表语+V.+V.+主语主语）第2页/共39页知识详知识详解解二、倒装的分类二、倒装的分类倒装倒装 完全倒装完全倒装 部分部分倒装倒装 谓语的全部放谓语的全部放在主语之前。在主语之前。只把情态动词或助只把情态动词或助动词（表语置于连动词（表语置于连接词之前）放在主接词之前）放在主语之前。语之前。AmongthegoodsAmongthegoodsareareChristmastrees,Christmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.flowers,candlesandtoys.NotuntiltheteachercameNotuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishdidhefinish hishomework.hishomework.完全倒装完全倒装 部分部分倒装倒装 第3页/共39页知识详知识详解解三、分类详解三、分类详解（一）完全倒装（一）完全倒装 1 1、用在、用在therebetherebe结构中。如：结构中。如：ThereisThereisarumourthatalargecompanyarumourthatalargecompanywantstobuildafactoryinyourtown.wantstobuildafactoryinyourtown.ThereareTherearemanystudentsinthemanystudentsintheclassroom.classroom.完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装第4页/共39页知识详知识详解解2 2、用于、用于“here(there,now,then)+here(there,now,then)+不及物动词不及物动词+主语（名词）主语（名词）”的句型中，或以的句型中，或以out,inupdown,out,inupdown,awayaway 等副词开头的句子，以表示强调。如：等副词开头的句子，以表示强调。如：NowNesyourturn.HereHesthebus.完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装注意：注意：代词作主语时，主谓序不变。如：作主语时，主谓序不变。如：InInhehe es.HereHereit it is.is.第5页/共39页知识详知识详解解3 3、当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常引起、当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常引起全部倒装，如：全部倒装，如：FromFromthevalleycameafrighteningthevalleycameafrighteningsound.sound.SouthofthecitySouthofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.liesabigsteelfactory.完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装4 4、用于、用于so,nor,neitherso,nor,neither开头的句子，表示重复前句开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，意为部分内容，意为“也如此也如此”；“也不是这样也不是这样”。如：如：LiWeicanLiWeican tanswerthequestion.tanswerthequestion.NeitherNeithercanI.canI.HehasbeentoBeijing.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.SohaveI.第6页/共39页知识详知识详解解5 5、表语置于句首时，倒装结为：、表语置于句首时，倒装结为：完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装（1 1）“形容词形容词+连系动词连系动词+主语主语”PresentPresentatthemeetingatthemeetingwerewere ProfessorProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestsguests.自然语序自然语序自然语序自然语序 ProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestsmanyotherguestswerepresentwerepresentattheatthemeeting.meeting.第7页/共39页知识详知识详解解完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装（2 2）“过去分词过去分词+连系动词连系动词+主语主语”GoneGonearearethedayswhentheycouldthedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliketotheChinese.dowhattheyliketotheChinese.自然语序自然语序自然语序自然语序 ThedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyThedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliketotheChinesepeopleliketotheChinesepeoplearegonearegone.第8页/共39页知识详知识详解解完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装（3 3）“介词短语介词短语+be+be+主语主语”AmongthespeakerswasAmongthespeakerswasChinasChinasthenpremierZhuRongji,whostressedthenpremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.theworld.自然语序自然语序自然语序自然语序ChinasthenpremierZhuRongji,whoChinasthenpremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandstressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworldfairnessintheworldwasamongthewasamongthespeakersspeakers.第9页/共39页知识详知识详解解完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装完全倒装6 6、为了保持句子平应衡，或为了强调表语或状语，、为了保持句子平应衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，使用倒装。或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，使用倒装。InsidethepyramidsInsidethepyramidsaretheburialaretheburialroomsroomsforthekingsandqueensandforthekingsandqueensandlongpassageslongpassagestotheserooms.totheserooms.强调作用强调作用强调作用强调作用Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontTheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichofwhichsatsatasmallboy.asmallboy.上下文紧密衔接的作用上下文紧密衔接的作用上下文紧密衔接的作用上下文紧密衔接的作用第10页/共39页知识详知识详解解部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装（二）部分倒装（二）部分倒装 DoDoyouyouspeakspeakEnglish?English?1 1、用在疑问句中。如：、用在疑问句中。如：WhatWhat dodoyouyoulikeliketotostudy?study?HadHadyouyoureviewedreviewedyourlessons,yourlessons,youmighthavepassedtheexam.youmighthavepassedtheexam.2 2、用于省略、用于省略if if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如：的虚拟条件状语从句中。如：=(Ifyouhadreviewed=(Ifyouhadreviewedyourlessons,yourlessons,youmighthavepassedtheexam.youmighthavepassedtheexam.第11页/共39页知识详知识详解解部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装 TryTryashewould,hemightfailashewould,hemightfailagain.again.3 3、用于、用于“形容词（或名词、动词）形容词（或名词、动词）+as(though)+as(though)”引导的让状语从句中。如：引导的让状语从句中。如：PrettyPrettyassheis,sheisnotassheis,sheisnotclever.clever.ChildChildassheis,sheknowsaassheis,sheknowsalot.lot.注意注意：（1 1）若从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠若从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。词。（2 2）在用）在用as(though)as(though)引导的让步状语从句中，引导的让步状语从句中，如果主语较长，也可用全部倒装。如果主语较长，也可用全部倒装。DifficultasDifficultaswaswasthechemistrythechemistryhomeworkitwasfinishedintime.homeworkitwasfinishedintime.第12页/共39页知识详知识详解解部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装NosoonerNosoonerhadshegonehadshegoneoutthantheoutthanthetelephonerang.telephonerang.4 4、用于、用于“nosoonernosoonerthanthan，hardlyhardly whenwhen 和和 notuntilnotuntil”的句型中的句型中(主句部分用部分主句部分用部分倒装）。如：倒装）。如：NotuntiltheteachercameNotuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishdidhefinishhishiswork.work.5 5、用于、用于“never,hardlyseldom,scarcely,barely,never,hardlyseldom,scarcely,barely,little,atnotime(little,atnotime(决不决不),notonly,notonce),notonly,notonce”的的等含有否定意义的副词或连词在句首的句型中。如：等含有否定意义的副词或连词在句首的句型中。如：LittleLittle didheknowdidheknowwhothewomanwhothewomanwas.was.SeldomSeldom doeshevisitdoeshevisithishisgrandparents.grandparents.第13页/共39页知识详知识详解解部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装 OnlyOnlyinthiswayinthiswaycanyoumastercanyoumaster English.English.6 6、用于、用于“onlyonly开头开头”的句型中的句型中(onlyonly 放在句首修饰放在句首修饰副词、介词短语等作副词、介词短语等作状语状语或或状语从句状语从句）。如：）。如：OnlyOnlywhenhetoldmewhenhetoldmedidIrealizedidIrealizewhatwhattroublehewasin.troublehewasin.如果如果 onlyonly后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。如：后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装。如：OnlyhissecretaryknowswhereheOnlyhissecretaryknowswherehehasgone.hasgone.注意：注意：第14页/共39页知识详知识详解解部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装“Letsgo.”“Letsgo.”saidsaidthetheman.man.7 7、如果直接后注明引语是什么人说的，且主语是名、如果直接后注明引语是什么人说的，且主语是名词时，用倒装语序。否则用自然语序。如：词时，用倒装语序。否则用自然语序。如：“Letsgo.”he“Letsgo.”hesaidsaid.Soloudlydothestudentsreadtheirlessonsthatpeoplecanhearthemoutinthestreet.8 8、用于、用于“so/suchso/suchthatthat”句型句型,so/suchso/such置于句置于句首时首时,要部分倒装：要部分倒装：第15页/共39页知识详知识详解解部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装部分倒装 LonglivetheChineseCommunistParty.LonglivetheChineseCommunistParty.9 9、用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：、用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：However/Nomatterhowlateitis,sheoftenwaitsforhim.However/Nomatterhowlateitis,sheoftenwaitsforhim.1010、用于、用于“Nomatterhow/However+adj./adv.+Nomatterhow/However+adj./adv.+主语主语+谓语，谓语，+主句主句”结构中。如：结构中。如：第16页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习1.Scarcely1.Scarcely _ asleepasleep _ aa knockknock atatthedoorawakenedhim.thedoorawakenedhim.A.A.sheshehadhadfallen;fallen;whenwhen B.B.sheshehadhadfallen;fallen;thanthanC.hadshefallen;thanD.hadshefallen;C.hadshefallen;thanD.hadshefallen;whenwhen2.2.finishfinishthethetasktaskbetterbetterthanthanthetheothers,others,I Ithink.think.A.OnlyyoucanA.OnlyyoucanB.OnlycanyouB.OnlycanyouC.OnlydoyouC.OnlydoyouD.OnlyyoudoD.OnlyyoudoC.hadshefallen;thanC.hadshefallen;than第17页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习3.3.yesterday,youwouldhavemethim.yesterday,youwouldhavemethim.A.DidyoucomeB.YoucameA.DidyoucomeB.YoucameC.IfhadyoucomeD.HadyoucomeC.IfhadyoucomeD.Hadyoucome4.Onlywhenthewarwasover_tohis4.Onlywhenthewarwasover_tohishometown.hometown.A.didtheyoungsoldierreturnA.didtheyoungsoldierreturn B.theyoungsoldierreturnedB.theyoungsoldierreturned C.returnedtheyoungsoldierC.returnedtheyoungsoldier D.theyoungsoldierdidreturnD.theyoungsoldierdidreturn第18页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习5.5.OnlyOnlyininthisthiswayway_to_tomakemakeimprovementimprovementinintheoperatingsystem.theoperatingsystem.A.youcanhopeA.youcanhopeB.youdidhopeB.youdidhopeC.canyouhopeC.canyouhopeD.didyouhopeD.didyouhope6.Onlyoneofthesebooks_.6.Onlyoneofthesebooks_.A.worthistoreadA.worthistoreadB.isworthbeingB.isworthbeingreadreadC.worthisofreadingC.worthisofreadingD.isworthD.isworthreadingreading第19页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习7.7.NotNotuntiluntilallallthethefishfishdieddiedininthetheriver_river_howhowseriousthepollutionwas.seriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagerealizeA.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagerealizeC.C.thevillagersdidrealizethevillagersdidrealizeD.didnD.didn tthevillagersrealizetthevillagersrealize8.Onlythen_whathereallymeant8.Onlythen_whathereallymeantwhenhesaidwhenhesaid“Youleftsomethinghere.Youleftsomethinghere.”A.didIunderstandA.didIunderstandB.IunderstoodB.IunderstoodC.understoodIC.understoodID.didunderstandID.didunderstandI第20页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习9._canyouexpecttogetarise.9._canyouexpecttogetarise.A.A.WithhardworkWithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkC.OnlywithhardworkD.NowthatheworkshardD.Nowthatheworkshard10.10._ sheshe wonderedwondered ifif sheshe hadhad mademade aamistake.mistake.A.NotuntillongafterwardsthatA.NotuntillongafterwardsthatB.ItwasnotuntillongafterwardsthatB.ItwasnotuntillongafterwardsthatC.NotlonguntilafterwardsC.NotlonguntilafterwardsD.ItwaslongafterwardsuntilD.Itwaslongafterwardsuntil第21页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习11.11.TheThenaughtynaughtyboyboyhashascriedcriedwolfwolfmanymanytimes.times.ScarcelyScarcely_himhimbeforebeforehehesayssaysthatthatheheisisinintrouble.trouble.A.A.anybodyanybody believesbelieves B.hadB.had anybodyanybodybelievesbelieves C.C.doesdoes anybodyanybody believebelieve D.willD.will anybodyanybodybelievebelieve12.12._ satsat downdown forfor aa rest_rest_ thethedoorbellrang.doorbellrang.A.HardlyIhad;whenB.HardlyIhad;thanA.HardlyIhad;whenB.HardlyIhad;thanC.HardlyhadI;thanD.HardlyhadI;whenC.HardlyhadI;thanD.HardlyhadI;when第22页/共39页跟踪练跟踪练习习13.13.Wereyouworriedabouthimlastnight?Wereyouworriedabouthimlastnight?Yes.Itwas_.Yes.Itwas_.A.untilhereturnedthatIwenttobedA.untilhereturnedthatIwenttobedB.untilbereturnedthatlsleptwellB.untilbereturnedthatlsleptwellC.notuntilhereturnedthatIwenttobedC.notuntilhereturnedthatIwenttobedD.notuntildidhereturnthatIwenttosleepD.notuntildidhereturnthatIwenttosleep第23页/共39页高考真高考真题题1.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_theyknow1.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_theyknowaboutGerman.aboutGerman.（NMET2005NMET2005，天津，天津 4 4）A.haveA.haveB.didB.didC.hadC.hadD.doD.do2.Neverbefore_ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanit2.Neverbefore_ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.(NMET2005istoday.(NMET2005，上海，上海 39)39)A.hasthiscitybeenA.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywasD.thiscitywas第24页/共39页高考真高考真题题3.3.Well,Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunWell,Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast.veryfast.-_.(NMET2005-_.(NMET2005，辽宁，辽宁 32)32)A.SoitisA.SoitisB.SoisitB.SoisitC.SodoesitC.SodoesitD.SoitdoesD.Soitdoes4.4.Father,youpromised!Father,youpromised!-Well,_.Butitwasyouwhodidn-Well,_.Butitwasyouwhodidn tkeepyourwordtkeepyourwordfirst.first.（NMET2005NMET2005，湖北，湖北 3434）A.sowasIA.sowasIB.sodidIB.sodidIC.soIwasC.soIwasD.soIdidD.soIdid第25页/共39页高考真高考真题题5.5.Maggiehadawonderfultimeattheparty.Maggiehadawonderfultimeattheparty.-_,andsodidI.-_,andsodidI.（NMWT2005NMWT2005，安徽，安徽，3535）A.SoshehadA.SoshehadB.SohadsheB.Sohadshe C.SoshedidC.SoshedidD.SodidsheD.Sodidshe6._aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatripto6._aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.(NMET2005,Madagascarforfurtherresearch.(NMET2005,江苏，江苏，35)35)A.SocuriousthecouplewasA.SocuriousthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewereC.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.ThecouplewassuchcuriousD.Thecouplewassuchcurious第26页/共39页高考真高考真题题7.Ontopofthebooks_thephotoalbumyou7.Ontopofthebooks_thephotoalbumyou relookingfor.relookingfor.（NMET2005NMET2005春，上海，春，上海，3030）A.isB.areC.hasD.haveA.isB.areC.hasD.have8.Solittle_witheachotherthattheneighbouringcountriescould8.Solittle_witheachotherthattheneighbouringcountriescouldnotsettletheirdifference.notsettletheirdifference.（NMET2005NMET2005春，上海，春，上海，3535）A.theagreedA.theagreedB.agreedtheyB.agreedtheyC.didtheyagreeC.didtheyagreeD.theydidagreeD.theydidagree第27页/共39页高考真高考真题题9.9.Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!-_.-_.（NMET2004NMET2004，全国卷，全国卷I I，3232）A.NoramIA.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeC.SamewithmeD.SodoID.SodoI 10._snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsfor10._snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.entertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.（20042004上海，上海，4141）A.NotonlytheybroughtA.NotonlytheybroughtB.NoonlydidtheybringB.NoonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyC.NotonlybroughttheyD.NotonlytheydidbringD.Notonlytheydidbring 第28页/共39页高考真高考真题题11.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse_such11.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse_suchabeautifulplace.abeautifulplace.（NMET2004NMET2004，辽宁，辽宁，2626）A.canyoufindA.canyoufindB.youcouldfindB.youcouldfindC.youcanfindC.youcanfindD.couldyoufindD.couldyoufind12.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither_anyendto12.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither_anyendtotheirinfluenceonmantheirinfluenceonman slives.slives.（NMET2004NMET2004，广东，广东，3030）A.thereisA.thereisB.thereareB.thereareC.isthereC.isthereD.arethereD.arethere第29页/共39页高考真高考真题题13.Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_the13.Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_theimportanceofstudies.importanceofstudies.（NMET2004NMET2004，重庆，重庆，3434）A.IrealizedA.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedC.hadIrealized D.didIrealizeD.didIrealize 14.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce_14.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce_witheachother.witheachother.（NMET2003NMET2003，3434）A.theyhadquarreledA.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledB.theyhavequarreledC,havetheyquarreledC,havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled第30页/共39页高考真高考真题题15.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_.15.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_.（NMET2003NMET2003上海，上海，3838）A.youareallowedinA.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedinD.willyoubeallowedin 16.Onlyinthisway_tomakeimprovementsintheoperating16.Onlyinthisway_tomakeimprovementsintheoperatingsystem.system.（NMET2003NMET2003春，上海，春，上海，3939）A.youcanhopeA.youcanhopeB.youdidhopeB.youdidhopeC.canyouhopeC.canyouhopeD.didyouhopeD.didyouhope第31页/共39页高考真高考真题题17.17.Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.-Goodheavens,_.-Goodheavens,_.（20022002上海，上海，3232）A.sodidIA.sodidIB.soIdidB.soIdidC.IdidsoC.IdidsoD.IdidsoD.Ididso 18.Notonly_interestedinfootballbut_beginningtoshowan18.Notonly_interestedinfootballbut_beginningtoshowaninterestinit.interestinit.（20022002春上海，春上海，3232）A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareA.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsB.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsareD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare第32页/共39页高考真高考真题题19.Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatI19.Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.determinedtolearnEnglish.（20012001上海上海,27,27）A.IhavefeltA.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelC.IdidfeelD.didIfeelD.didIfeel20