切花的贮藏英文版课件.ppt

Conditioning and Storing Cut Flowers and GreensLong lasting flowersnimportantnpleases customernhappy customers return to the florist when they need flowers in the futureChain of Lifendeveloped by the Society of American FloristsnHelps growers,wholesalers,and retailers lengthen the life of flowersChain of Lifenprovide information on proper care and handling throughout the marketing chainnproper care and handling results in longer lasting flowersFlower deteriorationnLow water absorptionnmost flower stems are at least partially blocked when they arrive at the retail floristCauses of blockagencutting stems with dull toolsncut with shears that pinch the xylem(water conducting tubes in the stem)Causes of blockagenbacteria or minerals in the water clog the stemCauses of blockagenair can enter the stems at the time of cutting and partially block the stemncan become so severe that flowers wilt in their containerLoss of waterntranspirationnprocess by which plants lose water through their leavesTranspirationngases and water vapor move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentrationLoss of Waternwater vapor moves out of the plant through the stomata(stomates)ntiny openings in the underside of the leafLoss of Waternflowers wilt when moisture is lost through transpiration quicker than it is taken in through the stems.Loss of Waternoccurs more rapidly at higher temperaturesLoss of foodnflowers are still living and need a source of foodLoss of foodnflowers continue to photosynthesize after they are cutnmust be given the proper light and a source of sugarDiseasenBotrytisna fungus which causes brown spots on petalsBotrytisndo not allow flowers to get wet before putting them in the coolernallow wet flowers to dry before putting in the coolerEthylene Gasnnaturally occurring gas in flowers that speed maturityEthylene Gasncauses rapid deterioration of cut flowersnmany sources of ethylene gasEthylene Gasnfruit,especially applesndiseased or injured flowersEthylene Gasnrotting foliage below the water linenexhaust fumes from carsSymptoms of ethylenenpremature deathnflower and petal dropnyellowing of foliage Symptoms of ethylenenloss of foliagenupward cupping of petals-known as sleepiness in carnations.Water qualitynhydration,process where flowers draw water and nutrients up their stems to the leaves and flowers through capillariesWater QualitynpHnmeasure of acidity or alkalinity on a scale from 0-14 with 7 being neutralpHnpH of 3.2 -4.5 maximizes hydrationnfloral preservatives commonly added to prolong flower life lower the pHTotal Dissolved SolidsnTDSnmeasure of the dissolved salt and mineralsTDSnsome minerals are beneficial to flowersnfloral preservatives are formulated for varying water types and pHsConditioning flowersntechniques of treating flowers to extend their life.nBegins when flowers arrive from the wholesalerUnpackingnas soon as they arrivenloosen paper or plastic sleeves which they have been wrapped inUnpackingnflowers will expand as they maturenflowers will be crushed if the sleeves are not loosened.Unpackingndo not loosen sleeves on rosesncustomers prefer roses in the bud stageUnpackingncheck for signs of disease,damage or wiltingnremove damaged or diseased flowers from the bunch before storageUnpackingnexcessive damage should be reported to the wholesalerRe-cut the stemsnstems are cut with a knife rather than shearsnshears can pinch the xylem tubes causing partial blockageRe-cut the stemsncut stems on a slantnthis helps them to absorb more waternprevents the stems from sealing to the bottom of the containerRe-cut the stemsnstems should be cut under warm waternwarm water contains less air than cold waterRe-cut the stemsnstems that have a milky sap must be blackened over a flame or put the tips in boiling water for 10-30 seconds to seal the sap so water can be absorbed.Remove lower foliagenremove all foliage from stems that would be underwater in the storage containernfoliage left underwater will decay and lead to bacterial growthRemove lower foliagenrotting foliage clogs the stems and releases ethylene gasRemove lower foliagenuse a glove or rag to pull the leaves off quickly down the stemnremove outside or damaged petals on rosesClean Containers and Coolerncontainers for flower storage should be cleaned with hot detergent solution,disinfected with bleach and thoroughly rinsedClean Containers and Coolerna 10%bleach solution is used for disinfecting the containersClean Containers and Coolernthere are commercial products available that disinfect,clean and deodorize in one stepnNon-metallic containers should be usedMetal Containersndecrease the effectiveness of preservativesContainersnshould be short enough so that the flowers do not come in contact with the sides of the containerPreservativesnPlace a warm preservative solution in the container prior to adding flowersPreservativesntemperature of the solution should be between 100 degrees and 110 degrees FarenheitPreservativesnextend the life of flowers in three waysnprovide a food source needed for respirationPreservativesncontain sugar which flowers use to manufacture food to replace that lost through respirationPreservativesnprovide an acidifier which lowers the pH of the waternwater moves through the vascular system of the flower at a pH of 3.5PreservativesnAcidic solution reduces bacterial actionncontain a bactericide which kills bacteriaPreservativesncan be purchased in either liquid or powder formnfollow directions for mixing the preservativePreservativesntoo much preservative can burn the flowerntoo little will not be enough to keep flowers freshPreservativesnhome made preservative can be made using 50%Sprite or 7Up,or similar drink containing citric acidPreservativesn50%warm water n1 1/2 teaspoons bleach to each quart of solutionAllow flowers to absorb H2Onall flowers except roses should remain in the warm preservative solution outside the cooler for one to two hoursAllow flowers to absorb H2Onroses should be stored in the cooler immediatelynthis treatment allows flowers to absorb the maximum amount of waterAllow flowers to absorb H2Onat the end of this time for water absorption,the flowers should feel turgid-full of waterAllow flowers to absorb H2Onflowers that are shipped in the bud stage such as gladioli,lilies,and carnations could sit at room temperature overnight to open up