初中英语语法专题讲解与练习ppt课件--名词.pptx
初中英语语法专题名 词【中考考点】(1)正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。(2)掌握可数名词复数的构成。(3)掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。考点一不可数名词1.概述不可数名词为不能直接用数字计数的词,分为(表示构成世上万物的物质或材料的名称的词,如water,wood,milk等)和(表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称的词,如fun,happiness,health等)。不可数名词通常无复数形式,也不用a或an修饰。物质名词抽象名词2.不可数名词的量化表达(1)借助some,any,much,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等来表示。如:muchwater,someorangejuice,alittlemilk(2)借助容器来表示。如:一杯咖啡,十袋米(3)借助计量单位来表示。如:一张纸,一片面包(4)对不可数名词前的数量修饰语提问用howmuch。a cup of coffeeten bags of ricea piece of papera slice of bread3.既可数又不可数的名词词条含义作可数名词作不可数名词chicken鸡鸡肉room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉glass玻璃杯玻璃paper试卷;报纸纸张time倍数,次数时间work作品工作experience经历经验light电灯光,光线exercise习题锻炼,运动orange橙子橙汁radio收音机无线电考点二可数名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化分类构成例词一般情况加-smapmapsbagbagsyearyears以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esbusbusesboxboxeswishwishesbeachbeaches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-esstorystoriesfamilyfamiliespartyparties以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词多数在词尾加-es(kilos,photos,pianos除外)tomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes以f或fe结尾的词多数变f或fe为ve,再加-sknifeknivesleafleavesshelfshelvesthiefthieves【巧学妙记】需变fe或f为ve再加-s的名词一个小偷(thief)的妻子(wife),一生(life)中拿了一把刀(knife)和一片树叶(leaf),杀死了一匹狼(wolf),把狼一分为二(half),挂在架子(shelf)上。2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化构成例词内部中的元音变化footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,policewomanpolicewomen,EnglishmanEnglishmen单复数同形Chinese,deer,Japanese,sheep只有复数形式trousers,glasses(眼镜),people,pants,scissors特殊变化mousemice,childchildren3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成(1)名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:manyappletrees,boystudents(2)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数。如:menteachers,womendoctors考点三名词所有格1.构成分类构成例词有生命的名词(人或动物)在词尾加“s”Mikescarmymothersbirthday有生命的名词(人或动物)以s结尾的复数名词只加“”kidsballsteachersbooks不以s结尾的复数名词加“s”ChildrensDaymensshoes无生命的名词一般用of结构apictureofhisroomamapofChina2.特殊用法(1)表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“s”构成所有格。今天的报纸世界人口(2)表示某一东西为两人或多人共有时,只需在最后一个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用复数。莉莉和露西共有的房间莉莉和露西各自的房间todays newspaperthe worlds populationLily and Lucys roomLilys and Lucys rooms(3)表示“某人家”、“诊所”、“店铺”等处所。在李雷家atLiLeis在诊所atGrandparents在祖父母家(4)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。我父亲的一本书我的一个朋友afriendofmine=oneofmyfriendsat the doctorsa book of my fathers考点过关训练.单项选择1.Wehavefewinthefridge.Letsgoandbuysomepotatoes,tomatoesandcarrots.A.vegetablesB.fruit C.meat D.eggs2.Youlookworried.Whatsyour?IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job3.motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyvegonetoNanjing.A.LiLeiandLucysB.LiLeisandLucysC.LiLeiandLucyD.LiLeisandLucyACB考点过关训练4.2018镇江一模IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglishwriting.Canyougivemesome?A.magazinesB.directionsC.suggestionsD.messages5.2018淮安Lindasperformanceattheartfestivalwasa(n)andwaslovedbyherteachersandclassmates.A.success B.dream C.chanceD.ideaCA考点过关训练.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空6.(teacher)DayisonSeptember10th.7.IthinkJackieChanisoneofthemostpopular(actor).Ilikehimverymuch.8.Heisafriendofmy(sister).9.Thereareseveral(library)inthecity.10.2018上海Mycousinlikestocollect(stamp)inhissparetime.11.Those(policeman)arelookingforthelostkids.12.Whose(key)arethese?IthinktheyreJohns.Teachersactorssisterslibrariesstampspolicemenkeys考点过关训练13.2018安顺Look!Somany(girl)studentsareenjoyingthemselvesontheplayground.14.Anumberof(German)aretalkingaboutChineseculture.15.Herearefive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.16.2018新疆改编IlikeplayingbasketballverymuchandIwanttobeabasketball(play)inthefuture.17.Manypeoplelosttheir(life)intheaccident.18.Mysistersareboth(woman)doctors.19.Howmanytimesdoyoubrushyour(tooth)everyday?20.Takeashortrestaftertwo(hour)hardwork.girlGermansbottlesjuiceplayerlivesteethhourswomen