中考英语主谓一致.pptx

3、就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。并列主语由连词or、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorI_(be)mad.Eithertheteacherorthestudents(be)toblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher(do)knowaboutit.Therebe句型中，也遵循就近原则。There(be)mywifeandfamilytolookafter.There(be)anapple,twoorangesandsomebananasontheplate.amaredoesntisis第1页/共22页4、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。集体名词family,team,class,group,nation,world,government等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。Myfamily_(be)goingoutforatrip.Thewholefamily_(be)watchingTV.这类词还有audience、club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、party、public、等。Population和“agroup(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。Thepolice_(have)caughtthethief.People_(be)talkingaboutthenews.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheep_（be）overthere.Somesheep_(be)overthere.isareisarehaveare第2页/共22页名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。Myuncles_(be)notfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有thebakers,thedoctors,theZhangs等。当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirtyyears_(be)passed.Fiveminutes_(be)enoughtofinishthetask.不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclass_(have)adictionary.isisishas第3页/共22页如果主语有morethanone或manya构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudent_(have)seentheplay.Manyaboy_(have)boughtthatkindoftoy.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语用复数。Moremembersthanone(be)againstyourplan.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。Yourtrousers(be)tooshort.但如果主语用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoes_(be)onthedesk.hashasareareis第4页/共22页thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书)，其谓语动词用单数；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)（这一类人），但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。Thiskindofmen_(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind_(be)dangerous.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有a、sucha、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。The/Thisglassworks(be)setupin1980.The/Theseglassworks(be)neartherailwaystation.isarewasare第5页/共22页(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest、part等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。Allofmystudents(be)workinghard.Alloftheoil_(be)gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Betweenthetwowindows_(hang)anoilpainting.（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonesty_(be)thebestpolicy.Toloveandtobeloved_(be)thegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_(be)agoodhabit.Aknifeandfork_(be)onthetable.areishangsareareisis第6页/共22页当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with、like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。Theteacheraswellasthestudents(be)excited.Theroomwithitsfurniture(be)rented.以or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。Tomorhisbrothers(be)waitingintheroom.Eitheryouorhe(be)togo.NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse(know)anythingaboutit.is/wasis/wasareisknows第7页/共22页（3）代词作主语。名词性物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)_(be)agreatParty.Yourshoes_(be)white,mine(=myshoes)_(be)black.such、thesame起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such_(be)ourplan.Such_(be)hislastwords.关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Ihavetwosisters,who(be)bothstudents.Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthat(be)justcrossingthetrack.Thebuildingwhich(stand)neartheriverisourschool.isareareisarearewerestands第8页/共22页疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisXiaoLiu.”“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisWangandLi.”不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowall(have)beenchanged.All(be)present.Letsbeginthemeeting.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。(do)anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofus(have)seenthefilm.liveslivehasareDose/dohas/have第9页/共22页（4）分数、量词作主语。“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语以及由“some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,avarietyof,therestof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。Lotsofdamage_(be)causedbyflood.Alotofstudents_(have)gonetothecountryside.Alargequantityofbeer_(be)sold.(large)quantitiesof修饰少数复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。largeamountsof修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。Quantitiesoffood(be)onthetable.Largeamountsofmoney(be)spentonthebridge.washavewasare/werewere第10页/共22页表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfapples_(be)leftonthetable.halfof、(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。Halfofthefruit(be)bad.Halfoftheapples(be)bad.a(great)numberof,many,afew修饰可数复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Anumberofstudents(have)gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Agreatdealoftrouble(lie)beforeus.isisarehavelies第11页/共22页thenumberof+可数复数名词，theamountof+不可数名词，thequantityof+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时谓语用单数。Thenumberofstudentsinourschool(be)increasing.Thequantityofbooksinthelibrary(be)amazing.Thequantityofheatintheoffice(have)notbeenincreased.Theamountofmoney (be)great.(5)名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构充当时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。Theblind(study)inspecialschools.但指个别时用单数。Thedeparted（死者）(be)awell-knownengineer.（6）从句作主语。由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。Whatweneed_(be)moremoney.Whatweneed_(be)moreteachers.isishasisstudywasisare第12页/共22页在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。但是当one前有theonly等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one,因此从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthat_(have)beentoldbymyfather.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswho_(be)lateforclasstoday.（7）非谓语动词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。Tosee(be)tobelieve.Seeing(be)believing.（8）the+姓的复数形式作主语表示“某人一家人”时，谓语用复数TheTurners(be)sittingatthebreakfasttable.havewasisisare第13页/共22页二、精典名题导解（选择填空）1.One-thirdofthearea_coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has2.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is3.What _ the population of China?One-third of the population_workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_right.Heaswellaswe_right.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are5.Whathedlike_adigitalwatch.Whathedlike_textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;isCBABC第14页/共22页6.6.He He is is one one of of the the boys boys who who _ _ here here on on time.time.He He is is the the only only one one of the boys who _ here on time.of the boys who _ here on time.A.has come;have come A.has come;have come B.have come;has come B.have come;has come C.has come;has come C.has come;has come D.have come;have come D.have come;have come 7.7.Either Either you you or or he he _ _ interested interested in in playing playing chess.chess._ _ you you or or he fond of music at present?he fond of music at present?A.A.are;are;AreAreB.B.is;is;AreAre C.C.are;are;IsIs D.is;IsD.is;Is8.8.Many Many a a professor professor _ _ looking looking forward forward to to visiting visiting Germany Germany now.now.Many Many scientists scientists _ _ studied studied animals animals and and plants plants in in the the last last two two years.years.A.A.is;is;havehaveB.B.is;is;hashas C.C.are;are;havehave D.is;are D.is;are 9.9.A A knife knife and and a a fork fork _ _ on on the the table.table.A A knife knife and and fork fork _ _ on on the table.the table.A.A.is;is;isisB.B.are;are;areare C.C.are;are;isis D.is;are D.is;are 10.10.Her Her family family _ _ much much larger larger than than mine mine four four years years ago.ago.Her Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.A.A.were;were;waswasB.B.was;was;werewereC.C.was;was;waswas D.were;wereD.were;were BBACB第15页/共22页11.11.How How and and why why Jack Jack came came to to China China _ _ not not known.known.When When and and where where to build the new library _ not been decided.to build the new library _ not been decided.A.A.is;is;hashasB.B.are;are;hashas C.C.is;is;havehave D.are;haveD.are;have12.12.Now Now Tom Tom together together with with his his classmates classmates _ _ football football on on the the playground.playground.A.A.playplayB.B.are are playingplaying C.C.playsplaysD.is playingD.is playing13.13.Two Two hundred hundred and and fifty fifty pounds pounds _ _ too too unreasonable unreasonable a a price price for for a second-hand car.a second-hand car.A.A.isis B.B.areare C.C.werewere D.be D.be14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A.A.areare B.B.isis C.C.werewere D.D.waswas15.15.Soon Soon after after the the earthquake,earthquake,every every man,man,woman woman and and child child _ _ about it.about it.A.A.were were talkingtalking B.B.was was talkingtalking C.talk C.talkD.talksD.talksADAAB第16页/共22页16.16.We We each each _ _ strong strong points points and and each each of of us us on on the the other other hand hand _ weak points._ weak points.A.have;have A.have;have B.has;have B.has;have C.has;has C.has;has D.have;hasD.have;has17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A.A.raceraceB.B.racesraces C.C.is is racedraced D.is racing D.is racing18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.A.A.areare B.B.isis C.C.hashas D.haveD.have19.19.The The factory,factory,including including its its machines machines and and buildings,buildings,_ _ burnt burnt last night.last night.A.A.isis B.B.areare C.C.werewere D.was D.was20.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.20.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A.A.isis B.B.areare C.C.werewere D.be D.beDBBDA第17页/共22页21.Time and tide _ for no man.21.Time and tide _ for no man.A.A.waitwaitB.B.waitedwaited C.C.is is waitingwaiting D.has waited D.has waited22.22.The The injured injured in in the the tsunami tsunami _ _ good good care care of of by by some some medical medical teams.teams.A.is taken A.is taken B.are being taken B.are being taken C.are taking C.are taking D.is being taken D.is being taken23.It is not only J.K.Rowling but her works that _ us excited.23.It is not only J.K.Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A.A.makesmakes B.B.is is mademade C.C.makemake D.are made D.are made24.24.On On the the closet closet _ _ a a pair pair of of trousers trousers his his parents parents bought bought for for his his birthday.birthday.A.A.lyinglying B.B.lieslies C.C.lielie D.is laidD.is laid25.25.Each Each man man and and each each woman woman _ _ asked asked to to help help when when the the fire fire broke broke out.out.A.A.isis B.B.waswas C.C.areare D.D.werewereABABB第18页/共22页26.Large quantities of water _ needed for cooling purpose.26.Large quantities of water _ needed for cooling purpose.A.is A.isB.areB.are C.has C.has D.have D.have27.27.Neither Neither of of the the novels novels which which _ _ popular popular with with us us _ _ been been translated into Chinese.translated into Chinese.A.are,has A.are,has B.are,have B.are,have C.is,have C.is,have D.is,has D.is,has28.28.Alice,Alice,together together with with two two boys,boys,_ _ for for having having broken broken the the rule.rule.A.Was punished B.punished C.were punished D.have been punishedA.Was punished B.punished C.were punished D.have been punished29.Apples of this kind _.29.Apples of this kind _.A.A.tastes tastes goodgood B.B.tastes tastes wellwell C.C.taste taste goodgood D.taste well D.taste well30.The rich _ not always happy.30.The rich _ not always happy.A.are A.are B.isB.is C.willC.will D.may D.mayBAACA第19页/共22页第20页/共22页第21页/共22页谢谢您的观看！第22页/共22页