初中英语现在完成时.pptx
春天还会远吗?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了,Winterhasalreadycome,第1页/共25页现在完成时态Winter has already come.第2页/共25页现在完成时的构成形式havedonehas助动词过去分词第3页/共25页助动词have/has可和前面的主语缩略为ve,s.如theyve,weve,hes,its;youvehasnot=hasnthavenot=havent第4页/共25页过去分词的变化1、一般动词，在词尾加+edwork,plant,call2.以字母e结尾的动词，词尾加+dlive,change,like,love,agree,savehate,move,arrive,skate,hope,use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写辅音字母ed.如：plan,stop,drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel4.以辅音字母y，结尾，变y为iedtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,worry,copy第5页/共25页1.肯定句:主语+have/has(助动词）+过去分词+(其他）。2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+(其他）。3.一般疑问句Have/has+主语+过去分词?Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/hasnt.第6页/共25页用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.-他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.-我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿现在完成时的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢第7页/共25页nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响Theyhaveleft.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.第8页/共25页和现在完成时连用的时间状语MeaningExamplealready已经已经I have already done my homework.yet还（未）还（未）I have not finished my homework yet.never从不，从没从不，从没I have never read this story.ever曾经曾经Have you ever watched this film?recently最近最近We have not seen Nancy recently.just刚刚刚刚He has just seen Nancy.for+时间段时间段时间时间She learned English for nine years.since+时间点时间点自从自从I have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在过去的在过去的He has changed a lot in the past three years.第9页/共25页1.Mr.Black left China in 1990.Mr.Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago.The hero _ for five years.3.The meeting began two minutes ago.The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books last week.We _ the two books for a week.5.Sally joined the League two years ago.Sally _ the League for two years.has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in第10页/共25页 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。瞬间性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。瞬间性的动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续性动词与瞬间性动词第11页/共25页since用来说明动作起始时间“自从”for用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for第12页/共25页二、用since和for填空1._twoyears2._twoyearsago3._lastmonth4._19995._yesterday6._4oclock7_4hours8._anhourago9._wewerechildren10._lunchtime11._shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing_theyearbeforelast.13.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity_abouttenyears.16.Itsabouttenyears_sheleftthecity.第13页/共25页瞬间性动词例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延续性的时间状语连用，例如fortwohours或者是sincelastmonth。如果我们想用它们来表达延续性的状态，就要把他们转化成对应的延续性动词。Verb Used for a continuous stateExamplebuyhave/has hadHe has had the watch for over two years.borrow have/has keptShe has kept this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atKitty has been in Nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayShe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.diehave/has been deadThe fish has been dead for two days.get marriedhave/has been marriedThey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atMy cousin has been in Beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onThe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overThe conference has been over since last Sunday.第14页/共25页Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化第15页/共25页Hedied10yearsago.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.-Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.-Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)第16页/共25页HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto第17页/共25页HewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了现在还在上海没有离开呢HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住过10年现在不在上海了辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别第18页/共25页练习1.IlikeGuilin.I_theretwice.A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.havebeen此题中的twice（两次）表示经历，要用现在完成时，因此选D。2.Where”sLiLei?He_Beijing.A.goestoB.wenttoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento此题的语境是李雷不在说话的地方，因此要选C。3.HewenttoTorontotwoyearsago,sohe_Torontofortwotears.beentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasgone题目有fortwoyears这一个段时间，而havebeento和havegoneto都不能和段时间连用，因此选Chasbeenin。第19页/共25页现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）第20页/共25页2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.第21页/共25页3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续)第22页/共25页家庭作业一、选择填空()1.JimsbeentotheGreatwallbefore,_he?(A)isnt(B)wasnt(C)hasnt(D)doesnt()2.ShesneverbeentoEngland,_she?(A)has(B)hasnt(C)isnt(D)is()2._hasHanmeibeeninthelibrary.(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon(C)Howfar(D)Howoften()3.Howlong_he_thelibrarybook.(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy()4.MrGreenisntintheoffice,He_tothelibrary(A)hasgone(B)went(C)hasbeen(D)willgo()5.Mrsmith_toTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek(A)hasbeen(B)hasvisited(C)hassent(D)hasgone()6.They_Chinafortwoyears(A)havebeento(B)havebeenin(c)havegoneto(D)havecometo第23页/共25页二、句型转换1.Hehasneversurfed,_(改成反意疑问句）?2.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)_havetheybeenhere?3.Theoldman_lastyear.He_forayear.(die)4.Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(改写句子，句意不变)Thisfactory_fortwentyyears.5.MissGaoleftanhourago.（同上）MissGao_an_hourago.6.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.（同上）_twoyears_theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.7.Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.（同上）第24页/共25页感谢您的观看！第25页/共25页
