初一英语语法总结.pdf
-.初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，一、初一、初一英语语法一英语语法词法词法今天讲的内容1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加 s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch 后加 es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以 o 结尾加 s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加 o 的加es：如:tomatoes 西红柿,potatoes 马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer 鹿子,Chinese,Japanese-考试资料-.七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察,class 班，同学,family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-action movies,pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors,womanteacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类,paper 纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文,work 工作 works 作品，工厂,glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜,orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子,light 光线 lights 灯,people 人peoples 民族,time 时间 times 时代,次数,chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加 s 或s。如：Is(Is),Ks(Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加 s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers,Mikes,teachers二）复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加，如果不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day 教师节,classmates;Childrens Day 六一节,-考试资料-.Womens Day 妇女节三）由 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个 s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms 迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加 s，如下：一）一般在词后加 s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在 x,sh,ch,s,tch 后加 es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es。如：study-studies,-考试资料-.hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以 o 结尾加 es。如：does,goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-hasB）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加 ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如 show showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加 ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。如：tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加 er 或 est(如果是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter shortest,taller tallest,longer longest,nicer-考试资料-.nicest,larger-largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且 1 个元音字母1 个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如 few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redder reddest,hot-hotter hottest三）以辅音字母y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est。如：happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly),busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well-better best many/much-more most bad/ill worse worstlittle-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th；y 结尾，变为 i,eth 跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法初一英语语法句式句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a)This is a book.(be 动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)e)Theres a computer on my desk.(There be 结构)-考试资料-.否定陈述句 a)These arent their books.b)They dont look nice.c)Kate doesnt go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate cant find her doll.e)There isnt a cat here.(=Theres no cat here.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Lets learn English!c)Come in,please.否定祈使句 a)Dont be late.b)Dont hurry.3.疑问句1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student?b)Can I help you?c)Does she like salad?d)Do they watch TV?e)Is she reading?肯定回答:a)Yes,he is.b)Yes,you can.c)Yes,she does.d)Yes,they do.e)Yes,she is.否定回答:a)No,he isnt.b)No,you cant.c)No,she doesnt.d)No,theydont.e)No,she isnt.2)选择疑问句 Is the table big or small?回答 Its big./Its small.3)特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy?She is twelve.问种类 What kind of movies do you like?I like action movies andcomedies.问身体状况 How is your uncle?He is well/fine.问方式 How do/can you spell it?L-double O-K.How do we contact you?Myaddress is cindyjones163.-考试资料-.问原因 Why do you want to join the club?问时间 Whats the time?(=What time is it?)Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up,Rick?At five oclock.When do you want to go?Lets go at 7:00.问地方 Wheres my backpack?Its under the table.问颜色 What color are they?They are light blue.Whats your favourite color?Its black.问人物 Whos that?Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue?My brother.Who isnt at school?Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?问东西 Whats this/that(in English)?Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture?I can see some broccoli,strawberriesand hamburgers.11 问姓名 Whats your aunts name?Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name?My first names Ben.Whats your family name?My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like?I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it?Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants?Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number?Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作)Whats he doing?Hes watching TV.-考试资料-.17 问职业(身份)What do you do?Im a teacher.Whats your father?Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法初一英语语法时态时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词：Shes a worker.Is she a worker?She isnt a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano?I can t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch?Gina doesnt have awatch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为 sb be v-ing sth+其它.Im playing baseball.Are you playing baseball?Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter?Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music?Theyarent listening to the pop music.-考试资料
