英语翻译-汉译英2.汉英词汇比较与翻译.ppt

汉英词汇比较与翻译汉英词汇比较与翻译一、翻译中的选义一、翻译中的选义1.根据词典释义选择合适的词义根据词典释义选择合适的词义2.根据语境选择合适的词义根据语境选择合适的词义3.例例1：“好好”的译法的译法好的开始是成功的一半。好的开始是成功的一半。Well begun,half done.他身体很好。他身体很好。He is very well.(or He is in the pink of health.)邻居对她都很好。邻居对她都很好。Her neighbors are all very kind to her.这我们好解决。这我们好解决。The problem can be easily solved.计划订好了。计划订好了。The plan has been drawn up.好，今天到此为止。好，今天到此为止。Well,let us call it a day.你好。你好。How do you do?(or Hello!)你留个电话，有事好跟你联系。你留个电话，有事好跟你联系。Give me your telephone number so that I can contact you when necessary.今天下午好几个人找你。今天下午好几个人找你。Quite a few people came in looking for you this afternoon.今天好热。今天好热。How hot it is today!电影要放好长时间？电影要放好长时间？How long will the film last?例例2：“轻巧轻巧”的译法的译法这摩托车很轻巧。这摩托车很轻巧。The motorcycle is light and handy.她动作很轻巧。她动作很轻巧。She is nimble in movement.你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。You talk as if it were just a walkover.Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy,too?例例3：“考察考察”的译法的译法中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。迹几乎遍布全国。In his lifetime,Xu Xiake,a great traveler in Chinas Ming Dynasty,toured 16 provinces,leaving his footmarks in nearly every corner of the country.为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited,he usually travelled on foot even when carriages and boats were available.他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。He always preferred to venture into mountainous areas with rough tracks,and into forests seldom visited by human beings.例例4：“意思意思”甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。A:This is a little gift as a token of以以表示表示 my appreciation.Please do take it.B:Oh,arent you a bit too polite?You should not do that.A:Well,it just conveys my gratitude.B:Ah,thank you then,though I really do not deserve it.3.根据搭配选择合适的词义根据搭配选择合适的词义身体好，学习好，工作好。身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit,study hard and work hard.化化经济法制化经济法制化:manage economic affairs within a framework经济全球化经济全球化:economic globalization社会知识化社会知识化:build a knowledge-driven society国际关系民主化国际关系民主化:the practice of democracy in international relations国民经济信息化国民经济信息化:build an information-based national economy科研成果产业化科研成果产业化:apply scientific research results to industrial production4.跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义跳出字面选择合乎逻辑的词义胆小如鼠胆小如鼠:as timid as a rat/rabbit落汤鸡落汤鸡:a drowned rat养虎为患养虎为患:to cherish a snake in ones bosom瓮中捉鳖瓮中捉鳖:like a rat in the hole如鱼得水如鱼得水:like a duck to water愚蠢如猪愚蠢如猪:as stupid as a goose犟得像头牛犟得像头牛:as stubborn as a donkey/mule像热锅上的蚂蚁：像热锅上的蚂蚁：Like a hen on a hot girdle翻译练习翻译练习译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配一窝蜜蜂一窝小鸡一窝幼犬一群美女一群猎狗一群鸭一群羚羊积极支持积极地财政政策积极利用国外资源打电话打的打毛衣打水打篮球打农药基本工资基本建设基本物质基本工业基本利益翻译以下句子，注意划线词语的理解。翻译以下句子，注意划线词语的理解。1.两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。2.党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。3.他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。4.大家对这一做法很有意见。5.他们在会上闹起了意见。6.你应该听从医生的意见。7.他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。8.还有些未完成的事要处理。9.我们就这件事请教过他。10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。一窝蜜蜂一窝蜜蜂一窝小鸡一窝小鸡一窝幼犬一窝幼犬一群美女一群美女一群猎狗一群猎狗一群鸭一群鸭一群羚羊一群羚羊A swarm of beesA brood of chickensA litter of pupsA bevy of beautiful ladiesA pack of houndsA team of ducks A herd of antelopes翻译练习翻译练习积极支持积极支持:unfailing support积极的财政政策积极的财政政策:proactive fiscal policy积极利用国外资源积极利用国外资源:make effective use of overseas resources基本工资基本工资:basic wage基本建设基本建设:capital construction基本物质基本物质:essential commodity 基本工业基本工业:primary industry基本利益基本利益:fundamental interest打电话打电话打的打的打毛衣打毛衣打水打水打篮球打篮球打农药打农药 make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见意见。The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.党员应该虚心倾听群众党员应该虚心倾听群众意见意见。Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.他们对这项计划提出了修改他们对这项计划提出了修改意见意见。They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.大家对这一做法很有大家对这一做法很有意见意见。Everyone complained against such a practice.他们在会上闹起了他们在会上闹起了意见意见。They had a dispute at the meeting.你应该听从医生的你应该听从医生的意见意见。You should follow the doctors advice.他们就此问题取得了一致的他们就此问题取得了一致的意见意见。They reached a consensus on this issue.还有些未完成的还有些未完成的事事要处理。要处理。There is still some unfinished business to settle.我们就这件我们就这件事事请教过他。请教过他。We have consulted him about the matter.请回去吧，这里没你的请回去吧，这里没你的事事了。了。Please go back.There is nothing of your concern now.二、翻译中的选词二、翻译中的选词1.根据语义范围选词根据语义范围选词总之，几年的总之，几年的实践实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。Of course,our achievements in the last few years have proved the correctness of our policies of reform and opening to the outside world.中国应该用中国应该用时间时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。治，永不称霸。China should show the world through its actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony.这是这是中国中国从几十年从几十年建设建设中得出的经验。中得出的经验。That is what we have learnt from decades of development.2.从近义词中选词从近义词中选词生气发怒生气发怒:angry表示一般生气表示一般生气,irate表示怒形于色表示怒形于色,indignant表示义愤表示义愤,wrathful表示盛怒表示盛怒,enraged表示狂怒表示狂怒,infuriated表示因愤恨而愤怒之意表示因愤恨而愤怒之意,incensed则有激怒之意。则有激怒之意。打破：打破：break最一般、最通用的词语最一般、最通用的词语,意思是经打击或施压意思是经打击或施压而破碎；而破碎；crack出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片；出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片；crush从从外面用力往内或从上往下而致碎；外面用力往内或从上往下而致碎；demolish破坏或铲平破坏或铲平（如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）；（如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）；destroy完全摧毁，使之无完全摧毁，使之无法复原；法复原；shatter突然使一物体粉碎；突然使一物体粉碎；smash由于突如其来由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。3.根据搭配选词根据搭配选词Empty:house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words表示表示“空空的，一无所有的的，一无所有的”Vacant:position,room,house,seat表示表示“没有人占有的；空没有人占有的；空缺的缺的”Hollow:tree,voice,sound,cheeks表示表示“空洞的，虚的；不实空洞的，虚的；不实的；下陷的的；下陷的”Blank:look,mind,page,check表示表示“空白的，无表情的，无空白的，无表情的，无思想的思想的”汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配：汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配：进行社会主义革命进行社会主义革命进行一场激烈的争论进行一场激烈的争论进行实地调查进行实地调查进行亲切的谈话进行亲切的谈话进行侵略进行侵略进行协商进行协商进行核试验进行核试验 to carry out socialist revolution to carry on a spirited debate to make an on-the-spot investigation to have a cordial conversation to commit aggression to hold consultation with to conduct a nuclear test也要注意定语和中心语的搭配也要注意定语和中心语的搭配大城市大城市大雨大雨大志大志大人物大人物大道理大道理 a big city a heavy rain a high aim an important person general principle还需要根据上下文进行灵活调整，避免死译还需要根据上下文进行灵活调整，避免死译他说英语。他说英语。他说谎。他说谎。他说他很忙。他说他很忙。我说不好。我说不好。这可说不得。这可说不得。别胡说八道！别胡说八道！He speaks English.Hes telling a lie.He says he is busy.Im unable to express.It must not be mentioned.Be reasonable!4.4.根据褒贬选词根据褒贬选词著名的著名的 famous,notorious政治家政治家 statesman,politician宣传宣传 publicity,propaganda逝世逝世与世长辞与世长辞寿终寿终断气断气归西天归西天了结尘缘了结尘缘命归黄泉命归黄泉见阎王见阎王翘辫子翘辫子蹬腿蹬腿To expireTo pass awayTo close/end ones dayTo breathe ones lastTo go westTo pay the debt of natureTo depart to the world of shadowsTo give up the ghostTo kick the bucketTo kick up ones heels他们他们讲讲索取，我们索取，我们讲讲奉献奉献They preach taking from others,whereas we advocate giving to others.她她追求追求的是真理，而他的是真理，而他追求追求的是荣华富贵的是荣华富贵What she seeks is truth,and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.在整个改革开放过程中都要在整个改革开放过程中都要反对反对腐败。腐败。During the entire process of reform and opening,we must persistently oppose corruption.Throughout the process of reform and opening,we must combat corruption.其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪婪，不应享受不应享受。In actual fact,middle age represents the prime of ones life,allowing no indolence,no self-indulgence.5.5.根据语篇分析选择合适的词语根据语篇分析选择合适的词语我不断参阅论述那些我不断参阅论述那些问题问题的著作。的著作。I have constantly referred to works dealing with those subjects.那台机床出那台机床出问题问题了。了。Something has gone wrong with that lathe.一路上没出什么一路上没出什么问题问题。The trip went off without mishap.你会听到到处都在讨论这个你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题问题。Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.翻译练习翻译练习那要看那要看情况情况如何。如何。这种这种情况情况必须改变。必须改变。他们的他们的情况情况怎么样？怎么样？他把全部的书籍都他把全部的书籍都献给献给了图书馆。了图书馆。教师应当教师应当献身献身于教育事业。于教育事业。该委员会由该委员会由15人人组成组成。空气由多种气体空气由多种气体组成组成。严格严格训练，训练，严格严格要求。要求。开船开船 开盘开盘开春开春开工开工上当上当上进上进上宾上宾上班上班翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围1.连续下了三天大雨。连续下了三天大雨。2.他爱说大话。他爱说大话。3.他们在给教室大扫除。他们在给教室大扫除。4.像他这样的人大有人在。像他这样的人大有人在。5.根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。6.如果你那样干，你大错特错了。如果你那样干，你大错特错了。那要看那要看情况情况如何。如何。这种这种情况情况必须改变。必须改变。他们的他们的情况情况怎么样？怎么样？他把全部的书籍都他把全部的书籍都献给献给了图书馆。了图书馆。教师应当教师应当献身献身于教育事业。于教育事业。该委员会由该委员会由15人人组成组成。空气由多种气体空气由多种气体组成组成。严格严格训练，训练，严格严格要求。要求。That depends upon circumstances.This state of affairs must be changed.How do matters stand with them?He presents all his books to the library.A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education.The committee consists of 15 members.Air is made up of a mixture of gases.Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.开船开船 开盘开盘开春开春开工开工上当上当上进上进上宾上宾上班上班 set sail open quotation the beginning of spring go into operation be taken in make progress distinguished guests be on duty连续下了三天大雨。连续下了三天大雨。It rained cats and dogs(hard/heavily)three days on end(in succession/running).他爱说大话。他爱说大话。He likes talking big(talking large/talking horse/talking tall)he likes saying big words(large words).他们在给教室大扫除。他们在给教室大扫除。They are giving the classroom a good(general/spring/through)clean(ing).像他这样的人大有人在。像他这样的人大有人在。A person like him is by no means(in no way/on no account/never/not absolutely)rare.根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.如果你那样干，你大错特错了。如果你那样干，你大错特错了。If you do it like that,youll be completely(gravely/seriously)mistaken(be absolutely wrong/make a big mistake/make a major blunder/commit a very gross error).三、翻译中的多样性三、翻译中的多样性1.汉语词语翻译的多样性汉语词语翻译的多样性不同不同的文体所用的语言是的文体所用的语言是不同不同的。政治性的。政治性文章文章与科技与科技文章文章不同不同，新闻报道与文学作品，新闻报道与文学作品不同不同，写的，写的文章文章和嘴上讲话和嘴上讲话不不同同。The language varies from genre to genre:a political essay differs from technical writing,a newsreport is not the same as a literary work,and a written article is quite different from oral speech.2.2.汉语成语翻译的多样性汉语成语翻译的多样性安居乐业安居乐业是老百姓的共同愿望。是老百姓的共同愿望。It is the common desire of the people to live in peace and contentment.希望我全体人民，一律希望我全体人民，一律安居乐业安居乐业，切勿轻信谣言，自相惊扰。，切勿轻信谣言，自相惊扰。It is hoped that the people throughout the country will live and work in peace and will not give credence to rumors or raise false alarm.德才兼备德才兼备Have both practical efficiency and moral excellenceHave both intellect and characterTo both well-trained to do things and well disposed to do goodBe both gifted and righteous-mindedBe both talented and high-mindedBe a man of ability and probityHave sound knowledge and sound moralsBe noted for both high proficiency and good moral sense3.3.汉语句子翻译的多样性汉语句子翻译的多样性你的眼睛长哪儿去了？你的眼睛长哪儿去了？Havent you got eyes?Are you so blind?Are you such a blind man?You are really stone-blind!How blind you are!What a blind man!A sightless guy?Why are you so rash?My goodness!Be careful!翻译练习翻译练习我说你我说你“得陇望蜀得陇望蜀”呢。呢。The more you get,the more you want.得陇望蜀得陇望蜀，人之常情。，人之常情。Its only natural for man to hanker for more.他们两个他们两个鬼鬼祟祟鬼鬼祟祟的，不知道在说些什么。的，不知道在说些什么。Goodness knows what theyre being so secretive about.这两天她经常往这里跑，这两天她经常往这里跑，鬼鬼祟祟鬼鬼祟祟的，不知干些什么事。的，不知干些什么事。Shes been creeping in here the last couple of days in a very sneaky way.Goodness knows what shes up to.谁告诉你们了？你们这样谁告诉你们了？你们这样大惊小怪大惊小怪的。的。Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing?还是随便一点吧，不必还是随便一点吧，不必大惊小怪大惊小怪的。的。Anything will do;dont fuss.奶奶病着呢，别奶奶病着呢，别大惊小怪大惊小怪的的Our grandma is ill;dont kick up such a shindy.大家听了，说：我当是谁呢，这样大家听了，说：我当是谁呢，这样大惊小怪大惊小怪的，没必要吧。的，没必要吧。When others heard this they commented,“we thought it was someone who mattered,but this isnt worth making such a fuss about.”