英语四级写作指导与训练.ppt

范文赏析与方法技巧范文赏析与方法技巧period 2Writing Skill基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤：一、背诵：首先认真研究历年四级写作真题，分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点，从语言、结构、内容三大层面，认真研读经典写作真题范文：语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型；结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换；内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文，要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善，扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。二、默写：背诵熟练之后默写下来，仔细对照原文，会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别，这些区别就是你的写作弱点，学习关键在于针锋突破，不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在，把这些弱点意义克服，分数自然就会提高。三、中译英：首先将写作真题范文译为中文，或参考范文的正确译文，然后进行中译英的工作，根据自己的理解把中文译为英文，最后对照英文原文，你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别，这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子，仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型，原文使用了哪些，这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。四、写作：进行完上述工作之后，在考前必须进行写作的工作，只有动笔写作，才会发现自己的问题。可以写510篇真题或模拟题，模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文，写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度，但考前一定要进行模考，半小时写出一篇120150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误，将其改的更加精彩。英语写作基础不太好的四级考生，必须按照上述步骤严格进行；基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反，首先写作，直接写作英语四级真题；其次中译英，在研读原文之前，进行中译英的工作，译完对比，找出差距；然后背诵；最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架，应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法，积累精彩句型。写作技巧一、写作实用绝招一、写作实用绝招据不完全统计，全国每年有1000万左右的考生参加四、六级英语考试，比叙而言阅卷老师则少之又少，他们需要在短时间内批阅多达几十万份考生试卷，可谓是工作量大、时间紧。据统计，四、六级作文平均阅卷时间仅为十几秒，如何在极有限的时间内贏得阅卷老师的青睐是有诀窍的。1.好的开始是成功的一半考生一拿到试卷不要急着下笔就写，而应该花上3-5分钟的时间冷静地想想，开头应该怎么写，中间应该怎么举例论证，最后又该如何收尾等。时间允许的话，最好能先列出大概提纲以及关键词语或句型，这样才能做到心里有数，不至于写到一半时出现短路现象。2.清晰整洁至关重要清晰整洁的卷面和流畅的书写至关重要，甚至有时候决定整个文章的分数高低。卷面清晰整洁会使阅卷老师眼前一亮，留下深刻的印象，因此写作文时一定要书写工整，段落分明，标点清楚。通常情况卞，内容一般而卷面整洁清晰的试卷会获得相对较高的分数，而内容较好卷面书写涂草的试卷反而会被扣分。3.字数限制心中有数作文评分栝准中，字数也是一个要求。四级规定字数不少于120，而六级为150，因此考生切记要在规定的范围内完成文章。这就必须遵循一个原则，意思表达完整，逻辑连接合理，避免跳跃性，同时也不能写得太长。写得越多，你的弱点也就暴露得越多，这样反而会适得其反。4.奖励分“缁珠必较”CET作文题采用总体评分（GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷老师就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores)，因此考生要想打动阅卷老师让他/她给你高分，首先文章的总体结构要合理、完整，符合大纲要求，同时句子与句子、段落与段落之间的衔接一定要紧密，符合逻辑顺序。5.小细节不放过CET作文不以语言点的错误数目扣分，但是一些明显的低级语法和拼写错误会给阅卷老师留下非常不好的印象。即使你的作文整体非常好，但也可能不会给你高分，这就是因小失大。因此，写作过程中一定要十二分地注意小细节。二、写作中应注意的问题二、写作中应注意的问题1、单词拼写、标点符号单词拼写错误可以说是最常出现的问题。正确拼写单词是英语学习者最重要的基本功。考生在复习的准备阶段就要注意单词的正确拼写形式，避免在考试中犯这种不必要的错误。另外，在检查单词拼写的时候还要注意首字母大小写的问题。标点符号也是考生容易疏忽的问题，有的考生习惯在英文作文中使用中文标点（特别应注意的是，英文中没有顿号）；有的考生会混淆问号的用法（考生必须牢记，对于疑问句要使用问号，但如果问句出现在从句中，则需用句号）。2、人称、时态、主谓的一致性在一句话、一个段落，甚至一篇文章中，人称要始终保持一致，不能一会儿用第一人称，一会儿又用第三人称。时态和主谓关系也是一样，如果弍章是议论文，一鵃用一般现在时；而描述文常常用过去时描述已发生的事情。在一个句子中，表示同时发生或并列关系的两个或多个谓语动词的时态应该保持一致。考车在检查的过程中应注意这些。3、可数名词和不可数名词如：people表示“人民，人们”时是不可数名词，而表示“民族，国家”时则为可数名词。4、冠词、代词的用法关于冠词，考生常犯的错误是乱用the。the多表示一个(些)特定的或前面已经提到的人或事物，还可用在专有名词、独一无二的名词及最高级等之前，如：theGreatWall。关于代词，有时候会出现指代不清的错误，考生在检查时要注意这一点。5、词组和短语的固定搭配对于一些常见的词组和短语，有固定的搭配，不能随意更改，例如：forthesakeof意为“为了”，不能把for换成in。6、句子完整性在写作过程中，时间紧迫可能导敢出现句子残缺的情况，造成句子不完整，检查时也需注意。.2011年作文Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议范例1Online ShoppingOnlineshopping,asanactofbuyingproductsandservicesovertheInternet,isgrowinginpopularityever,whichhasbeensignificantlyshockingourlifestyles.Manyindividualsfavorthiskindofshoppingbecauseofitsease.Butlikeanyothernewborndevice,peoplemayunconsciouslyexposethemselvestothethreatfromitbyincaution.Forthosewhoworkforlengthyhours,theinternetoffersthemmuchconvenience.Firstofall,theydonothavetimetovisitthestoreduringregulartradinghours,whileonlineretailersallowsorderstwenty-fourhoursaday.Aswell,onlineshoppinggivesthecustomersthefacilitytocomparepricesandfeaturesoftheproductsthankstothedetailedproductdescription.Inmostoccasions,theitemsarecheaperthanonlinethanintheconventionalstores,makingitanappealtomostpeople.Whiletherearenumerousadvantagesofonlineshopping,therearealsothreatsandfearsregardingthiswayofshopping.Informationsecurityisthekeyconcern.Onlinepaymentmaynotbesosecurebecauseofidentitytheft.Anotherproblemofonlineshoppingisencounteringmisleadingandfalseproductinformation.Inmyviewpoint,onlineshoppingisadouble-edgedsword.Buyingonreputedonlinestoresisagoodsolutiontoensurethepleasureandcomfortoftheinternetshopping.范例2WiththedevelopmentoftheInternetandthepopularizationofcomputers,shoppingontheInternethasbecomeacommonplaceinourlife.Hereconsumerscanbuyalmosteverythingtheyneed.ShoppingontheInternethasalotofadvantages,ofwhichthemostimportantisperhapsitsconvenience.Peopledonthavetowastealotoftheirenergyandprecioustimetogofromoneshoptoanothertochoosethecommoditiestheylike.Thisisespeciallydesirabletotheold,thesickandthebusypeoplewhocannotgototheshopsinperson.Thegoodscomeinallshapes,sizesandcolorsontheInternet.Alltheyneedtodoistositinfrontoftheircomputersandclickthemice.Thecommoditiestheyorderwillbedeliveredtothempromptly.However,shoppingontheInternetalsohasitsdisadvantages.Thefirstdisadvantageisthattheconsumerscantseethegoodsortrythemonpersonally.Sometimes,therealgoodsmaynotbethesameaswhattheyhaveseenonthecomputer.TheseconddisadvantageisthatsomeshopsontheInternetarenotregistered.Theywillneverdeliveranythingtoyouaftertheygetthemoneyfromyou.Oncecheated,youwillfindthatyouhavenowheretogotocomplain.例例3Doing Shopping OnlineWiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,shoppingisnolongeratiringthing.Justclickyourmousetochoosethearticlesyoulike,andthepurchaseisdone.Youdontevenhavetostepoutoftheroom.Itseemsalleasyandquick.However,peoplesopinionsvaryonthistrend.Somebelievethatonlineshoppingistimeandmoneysaving.Withplentifulselectionoptions,theycanbuywhatevertheylikeatanytimeconvenient.Stillothersinsistthatmis-purchasingaloneisannoyingenough,nottomentionthecredibilityofthesellersandthesafetyoftheiraccounts.Inmyopinion,theconvenienceandexcitementofonlineshoppingisbeyondalldoubts.Inthemeantime,wemustalwaysbearinmindthatcertaintrapsdoexist,sowedbettermakesurethesellersaretrustworthybeforebuying.Inaddition,weshouldalsoguardourselvesfromthepotentialhackerswhomightstealouraccountinformation.例文例文4AretailerlookingtoexpandtheirbusinessorattractmorecustomersdoesntinvestinshinierposterstoputoutsidetheshoporbetterTVcommercials.Smartretailersknowthattheeyesoftheirconsumersaregluedtothecomputerscreen.Onlinestoresarerapidlybecomingoneofthemostpopularplacestogoforclothes,books,homeappliances,andevenfood.Customersnotonlysavetimebybeingabletobrowsemultiplestoresatonce,butalsoenjoytheaddedbenefitofreadingproductreviews.Some,however,stillpreferthetraditionalSaturdayafternoonofwindowshopping,dashinginandoutoffittingrooms,andstoppingforanafternooncoffee.Theyfindshoppinginstoresmoresocial,andrelishthechancetotrytheclothesonbeforebuyingthem.Shoppingonlineiscertainlynotforeveryone.Ifindmyselfwithafootinbothcamps.IenjoytheconvenienceofscanningAmazonsbestsellers,andlovethattheycanoffermepersonalizedrecommendationsbasedonmyprevioussearches.However,nothingbeatscurlingupinacomfyarmchaironaSundayafternooninthebookstorearoundthecornerandpagingthroughstacksofbookstocreatemysummerreadingcollectionOneofthecontroversialissuestodayisonlineshopping.Accordingtoarecentsurvey，alargenumberofconsumersareinfavorofonlineshoppingasithasbecomeatrend.Inthisessay,Iwilldiscussthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofthisissueandoffermyownviewonit.Onthepositiveaspect,oneofthemostsignificantadvantagesisthatonlineshoppingbringscustomerssomuchconveniencethatitiswidelyrecognizedasmuchmoretime-savingthantraditionalshopping.Moreover,onlinecustomershaveaccesstocommoditiesofsuchahugevarietyandnumber.Perhapstheprimaryadvantageisthattheyhavetheopportunitiestocomparepricesofaproductofferedbydifferentretailers.Onthenegativeaspect,thereisagoodchanceofbuyingadefectiveproduct,astheycannotexaminethequalitywhenshoppingonline.Whatsmore,thereexistsomedishonestandincredibleonlineretailerswhomaydofurtherdamagestobuyersinterests.AsfarasImconcerned,thebenefitsofonlineshoppinggreatlyoutweighitsdrawbacks.Peopleshouldmakebetteruseofshoppingandbypassitsnegativeeffects.Peoplecanneverbetoocarefulwhenshoppingonline.写作训练11.志愿者活动PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOn Volunteering activities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1、越来越多的人从事志愿者工作2、志愿者工作的社会意义3、作为大学生，应该怎么做范文In recent years,thevolunteeringspirithasspreadamongtheChinesepeople,especially among youngsters.According to a survey,in2008,there were about 1,700,000 volunteers whoofferedserviceforOlympicGames.Actually,an increasing number of peoplebecomevolunteerseveryyearinChina.Volunteering actions are of tremendous benefits toboththoseinneedandthesociety.OlympicGamesareagoodexample.As is known to all,volunteers played an active role in Beijing Olympic Games.Without them,it would be a tough task toholdthisun-precedentOlympicGames.Therefore,we can say that it wasthosevolunteerswhoensuredthesuccessofthesegames.As modern college students,we should get actively involved involunteeringactivities.By participating,we can learn how to work well in a team,how to improve our interpersonal skills and organizational ability.Undoubtedly,allofthesearecriticalforourpersongrowth.So,weshouldtakethischancetolearnandtogrow.(161words)写作训练2Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicPrivate School？Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.当前，社会上有很多私立学校和培训学校；2.私立学校的利与弊考试用书3.你的看法范文：It can be noticed that a large number ofprivateschoolsortrainingorganizationsbecomeanewlandscapeineducation.When you read newspapers,when you watch TV,when you walk on the road,you will inevitably seelotsofadvertisementsaboutprivateschools.There are private schools mainly dealing withforeignlanguages,computers,musicandsports.However,is it a good or bad thing tohavesomanyprivateschools?As a coin has two sides,so are the private schools.On the one hand,privateschoolscanmeetthespecialneedsofthesocietyortheparticularrequirementsofpeople.On the other hand,theyoftenbringpeopleextraburdenbecauseofcomparisonandcompetition.When asked todecidewhetherweshouldhaveasocietywithoutprivateschoolsorasocietywithprivateschools,I will not hesitate a moment to preferthelatter.Althoughattendingatrainingcoursewillresultintheextracostorburden,it is of tremendous merits inpreparingmyworkandcultivatingmyskills.作文训练3Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicCelebrities as the products spokesmen？Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1、明星代言现象很普遍。2、明星代言广告存在一些问题。3、我的看法。Celebrities as the products spokesmenIn the contemporary society,it is very common forcelebrities,ortheso-calledsuperstars,tobespokesmenorrepresentativesfora wide variety ofproducts.CelebritiesadvertisementscanbeeasilyfoundontheInternet,televisions,newspapers,magazinesandevenonthewallsofsomebuildings.There are,however,some problems forcelebritiesandtheconsumers.To begin with,before representing,astarmayknownothingabouttheproduct.Thus,consumers may be misled.Even worse,for the sake of money,somestarsadvertiseforitemswithlowquality,evenforfakecommodities.InthecaseofSanlu,thepublicimageofstarsinvolvedwasspoiled.Last but not least,thehighincomeofadvertisingdoesnotdeservetheirlabor,whichwidensthegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.From my point of view,it is high time that measures were taken to eliminate the demerits.Firstly,laws should be worked out to regulate celebrities advertising.Secondly,stars should be required to tell the truth to the public.Only by doingsocanstarsbetrustedbytheirfansandcanconsumersbenefit