英语语法-可数名词和不可数名词.ppt
Countable and Uncountable NounsSpecial Use1、不可数名词 不可数名词通常指不能直接计数的名词（如land,advice等），表示材料和成分的物质名词，如coal,oil,air,cloth等，和表示抽象概念的抽象名词，如music,love,equality,modernization,competition,trade,service,education 等。2、集合名词的单复数用法。集合名词指的是同一类人或屋的集合体，其中有的是复数含义。例如police,cattle,clothes,people,goods 等；但有的集合名词也是不可数名词，如furniture,equipment,merchandise,machinery 等。3、名词单复数的特殊变化。一些以o结尾的可数名词复数需要加-es.例如：echoes回声,embargoes禁运,heroes,Negroes黑人,potatoes,tomatoes,vetoes否决,mosquito(e)s蚊子,buffalo(e)s水牛等。一些以f或fe结尾的可数名词复数需要把f或fe变成ves。例如：halves,knives,leaves,lives,loaves,selves,shelves,thieves,wives,wolves.不规则变化：foot-feet,tooth-teeth,woman-women,man-men,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,ox-oxen 单复数形式相同的名词：barracks(兵营),deer(鹿),fish(鱼),headquarters(总部),means(方法),series(系列),sheep(羊),species(物种，种类)但若fish指不同种类的鱼，复数为fishes.复合名词的复数变化：passers-by,lookers-on旁观者,sisters-in-law,grown-ups成年人,shoe-makers,step-mothers 如中心名词由man/woman修饰，man/woman 要随中心名词一起变为复数。例如：women doctors,men servants.外来词的复数变化：stimulus刺激物-stimuli,formula公式-formulae,bacterium细菌-bacteria,curriculum课程-curricula,datum-data,analysis-analyses,basis-bases,crisis-crises,diagnosis诊断-diagnoses,thesis论题-theses,criterion规范-criteria,phenomenon现象-phenomena 4、可数名词和不可数名词的转化 不可数名词表示种类时，可以加不定冠词a，也可以有复数形式。eg:This is a famous French wine.I work in all weathers.Some foods are more nutritious than others.(几种食物)当抽象名词表示抽象概念时，为不可数名词；但当抽象名词的意义具体化时，该名词成为可数名词。eg:She was a beauty in her youth.(美人)She had much beauty in her youth.(美丽动人的气质)There are two deaths in this area this month.(死亡事故)The sense of sight may affect our judgement.(视觉)There are many beautiful sights in Shanghai.(景点)Knowledge is power.China is now one of the five greatest powers in the world.(大国)He is good at drawing.(画画的技能)Are these drawings by Gogh?（一张张的画）当物质名词纯粹表示物质时，为不可数名词；但当物质名词表示个体时，为可数名词。eg:The bridge is made of stone.(石头)He threw a stone at the bird.(一块石头)不可数名词的复数形式有“广大”的意思。eg:waters表示水域；seas表示海域；snows表示大片积雪。动物的名称作个体解释时为可数名词；作肉解释时为不可数名词。eg:There are many chickens in the yard.I like chicken.(鸡肉)iron解释为“铁”时为不可数名词；解释为“熨斗”时为可数名词。eg:Iron is harder than aluminum(铁).（铁）We need an iron.(熨斗)experience解释为“经验”时，为不可数名词；解释为“经历”时，为可数名词。eg:We share a common experience.(经历)I have not much experience in teaching.(经验)hair解释为“头发”时是u.n.,但若强调一根根头发或几缕头发，则为c.n.eg:These old men have long hair.(长头发)Look!A hair is in my soup.(一根头发)She has some grey hairs.(几根花白的头发)paper解释为纸张时，为u.n.,解释为考卷、报纸、或文件时是c.n.room解释为房间为可数，解释为空间时，是不可数。eg:make room for sb.glass表示玻璃为不可数，表示玻璃杯为可数，glasses还可表示眼镜，是复数形式。space 表示空间、太空时为不可数，表示空格则为可数。word表示词语时为可数，表示消息时为不可数。eg:How many words are there in this article?(单词)Word came that the war had ended.(消息)5、一些名词与数量词的搭配 cattle为集合名词，含有复数意义，不a与连用。另外也不能与one,two,three连用。但我们可以说some cattle,many cattle,a lot of cattle,these cattle,.plenty of 既可以和可数名词连用，也可和不可数连用。eg:plenty of crops,plenty of rain 同样，a large quantity of,this,that也可和可数、不可数名词连用。some与可数名词连用表示“某一个”。eg:some book(某一本书)
